39
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
V.1. Conclusion
Based on the experimental results of the biodiesel production from
used cooking oil, which contain high free fatty acid using subcritical
methanol, it can be concluded that:
1. Pressure and temperature influence FAME yield of product, and
UCO to methanol ratio gave effect towards esterification and
transesterification between UCO and methanol to form FAME or
biodiesel. The yield of FAME can reach up to 88.43%.
2. FAMEs content in the maximum yield are Undecanoic Acid Methyl
Ester (C11:0), Myristoleic Acid Methyl Ester (C14:1), cis-10-
Pentadecenoic Acid Methyl Ester (C15:1), Stearic Acid Methyl
Ester (C18:0), Oleic Acid Methyl Ester (C18:1n9c), Elaidic Acid
Methyl Ester (C18:1n9t), cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid Methyl
Ester (C20:3n6), Heneicosanoic Acid Methyl Ester (C21:0),
Arachidonic Acid Methyl Ester (C20:4n6), cis-5,8,11,14,17-
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Methyl Ester (C20:5n3), Erucic Acid Methyl
Ester (C22:1n9) cis-13,16-Docosadienoic Acid Methyl Ester
(C22:2) and Tricosanoic Acid Methyl Ester (C23:0). The FAME
purity of maximum yield is 97.68%.
3. Based on the response surface methodology, the optimum condition
for biodiesel production from used cooking oil using subcritical
methanol are: pressure of 45 bar, temperature of 174.7°C and UCO
to methanol ratio
40
is 3.263:10. The maximum theoretical yield of biodiesel is
88.8115%.
V.2. Recommendation
In subcritical condition, temperature and pressure are very influential
toward the yield of FAME. At high temperature, methanol easily turns into
gas phase, so to keep methanol in liquid phase, the vapor pressure of methanol
must be calculated and the pressure of subcritical reactor should be higher
than vapor pressure of methanol at certain temperature. The reaction between
methanol and UCO in liquid phase is more intensively and easier.
41
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