Chapter 5The Periodic Table
Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 1 OBJECTIVE:
Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table.
Identify properties across groups and families
•Do Now:• Ancient Names for the Elements
•Today: • Homework Check and Review
• Atomic Basics Review • Chapter 5 - Periodic Table Notes
•Homework:• Read Chapter 5.1 & complete 5.1 GRWS• Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1
Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 2 OBJECTIVE:
Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table.
Identify properties across groups and families
•Do Now:• Interpreting the Periodic Table
•Today: • Homework check/ review 5.1 GRWS• Finish Periodic Table Notes• DVD Field Trips – Chapters 4 & 5
•Homework:• Read Chapter 5.2 and complete 5.2 GRWS• Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1
Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 3 OBJECTIVE:
Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table.
Identify properties across groups and families
•Do Now:• Word Wise Chapter 5
•Today: • Homework check/ review 5.2 GRWS• Class read Chap 5.3 and GRWS• Notebook and Project check - individual• The Element Song (s)
•Homework:• Periodic Table poster cards• Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1
Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 4 OBJECTIVE:
Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table.
Identify properties across groups and families
•Do Now:• Who Am I?
•Today: • Homework check/ review 5.3 GRWS• Periodic Table Element Challenge • Assemble Periodic Table Poster
•Homework:• Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1
Unit 2 Chapter 6 Day 5OBJECTIVE:
Demonstrate knowledge of the arrangement , and properties across groups and families,
of the elements in the Periodic Table.
•Do Now:Turn in Do Now #4/5 (__pages)
•Today: •Finish Periodic Table Poster•Great Discoveries with Bill Nye •Homework:•Chapter 4 & 5 Quiz TOMORROW
ORGANIZE and Prepare NOTEBOOK
Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 6 OBJECTIVE:
Demonstrate knowledge of the arrangement , and properties across groups and families,
of the elements in the Periodic Table.
•Do Now:Turn in Advertise the Element Project
•Today: •QUIZ (Open Notebook) – Chapters 4 & 5
• Turn in Notebook when done ( __ pages)•Homework:•Current Events – 5 seconds
The Periodic Table of Elements
Chapter 5
• Question:
What Letter Is not Found in the Periodic Table?
Answer: The letter "J“ .Note that the letter "Q" does not appear in any official element names. However, temporary element names, such as ununquadium, do contain this letter.
What is the Periodic Table?• It is an organizational system for elements.
• Pre-periodic table chemistry was a MESS!
Who created it?
• In 1869, Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev proposed arranging elements by atomic weights and properties.
• The table contained gaps but Mendeleev predicted the discovery of new elements. (He was right!)
Mendeleev’s Table• Recorded properties
of 63 elements• Chemical properties
– Valence power (how it bonds)
• Physical properties– Atomic mass– Density– Color– Melting point
The Modern Periodic TableSo how is it arranged?
• The genius of the periodic table is that it is organized like a big grid.
• The elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act.
• Elements are put in tows by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER
• Horizontal Rows = Period– Labeled 1 to 7
• Vertical columns = Groups– Labeled from 1 to 18
You've got Your Periods...
• Even though they skip some squares in between, all of the rows go left to right.
• When you look at a periodic table, each of the rows is considered to be a different period (Get it? Like PERIODic table.)
Periods = Rows
• In the periodic table, elements have something in common if they are in the same row.
• All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals.
• Every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. It goes down the periodic table like that.
And you got your groups…
• The periodic table has a special name for its columns, too.
• When a column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group.
Groups = Columns• The elements in a group have the same
number of electrons in their outer orbital. • Elements in a group have similar chemical and
physical properties.• Every element in the first column (group one)
has one electron in its outer shell. Every element on the second column (group two) has two electrons in the outer shell.
• There are some exceptions to the order when you look at the transition elements, but you get the general idea.
Other than periods and groups, the table is divided into FAMILIES.
-Families have names not numbers-May be in one column or spread across several columns
•1st column (NOT Hydrogen)
•very reactive metals, always combine withsomething else (like salt NaCl)
•malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity.
•can explode if they are exposed to water
ALKALI METALS
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•2nd column
•Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature
•Several are important mineral nutrients (Ca and Mg)
ALKLINE EARTH METALS
•Groups 3-12
•Less reactive and harder metals
•Used in jewelry and construction (as “metal”)
•iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.
TRANSITION METALS
The chemistry of fireworks:
Sodium produces yellow/gold colors. Barium creates green, copper compounds produce blue, strontium salts give you red and titanium metals give you silver colored sparks.
•Many are man-made
RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
•Elements in Group 17
•Very reactive, volatile, non metals
•"halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts"
HALOGENS (HALIDES)
•Elements in Group 18
•Very Unreactive - do not form compounds easily
•Happy/Inert Elements (Full valance/outer shell – 8 electrons)
NOBLE GASES
Two ways to look at the right side
of the periodic table….
(1)Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals
(2)Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families
•are ductile and malleable
•are solid, have a high density,
OTHER METALS
(1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals
Gallium (symbol Ga and atomic number 31) has a melting point of temperature of 29.76 °C (85.57 °F), which is slightly above room temperature. If you hold it in your hand long enough, it will start to melt.
•have properties of both metals and non-metals
•some of the metalloids are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators
METALLOIDS(1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals
•not able to conduct electricity or heat very well
•very brittle
•Do not reflect light.
NON-METALS
From www.science-class.net
(1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals
Boron Family
• Elements in Group 13• B, Al, Ga, In, Tl• FYI: Aluminum was
once considered rare and expensive and not a “disposable” metal
(2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families
Carbon Family
• Elements in Group 14• C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb• Contains elements important to LIFE
and Computers• Carbon is the basis for an entire branch
of chemistry (Organic Chemistry)• Silicon and Germanium are important
semiconductors
(2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families
Nitrogen Family
• Elements in group 15• N, P, As, Sb, Bi• Nitrogen makes up over
78% of our air/atmosphere• Nitrogen and Phosphorus are important to life• The red stuff on the tip of matches is
phosphorus
(2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families
Oxygen Family
• Elements in group 16• O, S, Se, Te, Po• Oxygen necessary for respiration in animals• Many stinky things contain sulfur (rotten eggs,
garlic, skunk oil, etc.)
(2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families
1.Which elements had complete outer shells? Give the name and symbol for each.
________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____
What do you notice about the location of these elements?
Helium He Neon Ne Argon Ar
The elements are in the same column at the far right side of the table.
2. Which elements had only one valence electron? Give the name and symbol for each.
________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____
What do you notice about the location of these elements?
Hydrogen H Lithium Li Sodium Na
The elements are in the same column at the far left side of the table.
3. What do you notice about the number of valence electrons as you move from left to right across a row or period in the periodic table?
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Na – 1 Mg – 2 Al – 3 Si – 4
The number of valence electrons
increases by one as you move across each column.
4. What do you notice about the number of energy levels or shells as you move down a group or column in the periodic table?
H LiNa
H – 1
Li – 2
Na - 3
The number of energy levels
increases by one as you move down each row.
*5. Write the name of each family at the top of the columns on your PERIODIC TABLE POSTER using the following information.
Alkali Metals - 1 valence electronAlkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons
Boron Family - 3 valence electronsCarbon Family - 4 valence electrons
Nitrogen Family - 5 valence electronsOxygen Family - 6 valence electrons
Halides - 7 valence electronsNoble Gases - Complete outermost shell
6. What do you notice about the location of the elements in each family?The elements in each family are in the
same columns.
Alkali
Metals
Alkaline
Earth
MetalsBoron
FamilyCarbon
Family Nitrogen
Family Oxygen
Family Halides
Noble
Gases
7. In what family would you classify hydrogen? Explain.Alkali Metals – Hydrogen has only one valence electron so it could be
classified with the alkali metals. OR
Halides – Hydrogen only needs one more valence electron to fill its outer
shell so it could be classified with the halides.
Alkali Metals
AlkalineEarthMetals
BoronFamily
CarbonFamily
NitrogenFamily
OxygenFamily Halides
Noble Gases
8. In what family would each of these elements be classified?
Radium - _____________________ Tin - ________________________
Iodine - _____________________ Cesium - _____________________
Alkali Metals
AlkalineEarthMetals
BoronFamily
CarbonFamily
NitrogenFamily
OxygenFamily Halides
Noble Gases
Alkaline Earth Metals
Halide
Carbon Family
Alkali Metals
9.Predict the number of valence electrons for each element based on its location in the Periodic Table
Barium = ____ Lead = _____ Bismuth = ___ Potassium = _____
2 45 1
What do all the numbers mean ?
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