Chapter 5: Civil Rights
A More Perfect Union 1/e
Civil Rights
• The Quest for Equality Under the Law
– Inherent Characteristics
– Suspect Classifications
• Race
• Religion
• National Origin
• Sex
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Civil Rights
• Slavery and Its Aftermath
– Slavery in the United States
• Opposition to Slavery
• The Civil War Era
– Reconstruction and the First Civil Rights Acts
– Backlash: Jim Crow Laws
– Governmental Acceptance of Discrimination
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3
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Civil Rights
• The Civil Rights Movement
– Fighting Back: Early Civil Rights Organizations
– The End of Separate But Equal
– Rosa Parks’s Civil Disobedience on a Montgomery Bus
– Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Strategy of Civil Disobedience
• Nonviolent Civil Disobedience
• The Reaction to Civil Disobedience
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5
Civil Rights
• The Government’s Response to the Civil Rights Movement
– The Civil Rights Act of 1964
– Other Civil Rights Legislation in the 1960s
– Impact of the Civil Rights Movement
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6
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Civil Rights
• The Movement for Women’s Civil Rights
– First Wave of the Women’s Rights Movement
• State-Level Rights
• The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
– Second Wave of the Women’s Rights Movement
• Federal Legislation and Women’s Rights
• Women’s Rights and the Equal Protection Clause
• The Proposed Equal Rights Amendment
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8
Civil Rights
• Other Civil Rights Movements
– Native Americans’ Rights
– Citizens of Latin American Descent
• Early Struggles of Mexican Americans
• The Chicano Movement
• Employment Discrimination and Other Civil Rights Issues
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9
Civil Rights
• Other Civil Rights Movements
– Citizens of Asian Descent
• Internment of Japanese Americans During WWII
• Contemporary Issues for Asian Americans
– Citizens with Disabilities
– Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Citizens (LGBT)
• The Gay Pride Movement
• Backlash Against the Movement for LGBT Civil Rights
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10
(continued)
Civil Rights
• Affirmative Action: Is It Constitutional?
– How Affirmative Action Works
– Opposition to Affirmative Action
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11
Chapter SevenChapter Seven
Employment, Education, & Employment, Education, &
Social ServicesSocial Services
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--11 California UnemploymentCalifornia Unemployment
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--22 Work & PayWork & PayWages by Occupation in California, 2005Wages by Occupation in California, 2005
2.0%$19.18$10.31Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, & Media
3.4%$19.23$11.68Installation, Maintenance, & Repair
5.1%$19.96$11.94Construction & Extraction
1.3%$18.92$11.97Community & Social Services
6.2%$22.17$12.27Education, Training, & Library
1.0%$28.22$16.92Life, Physical, & Social Science
4.3%$27.13$17.71Business & Financial Operations
4.1%$30.08$17.79Healthcare Practitioners & Technical
0.7%$38.60$20.20Legal
2.6%$35.31$21.59Computer & Mathematical
2.2%$34.18$21.71Architecture & Engineering
5.2%$43.28$23.99Management
Over $10/hour (38% of all workers)
$15.91$8.88State Average
Percentageof
Employment
50th
Percentile(Median)HourlyWage
Entry-LevelHourlyWage
Occupational Category
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--22 Work & PayWork & PayWages by Occupation in California, 2005Wages by Occupation in California, 2005
7.9%$8.36$7.68Food Preparation and Serving-Related
1.2%$8.19$7.71Farming, Fishing, & Forestry
2.2%$9.55$7.72Personal Care & Service
3.3%$10.19$7.81Building & Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance
7.1%$11.57$8.02Transportation & Material Moving
6.8%$11.49$8.16Production
10.4%$12.18$8.18Sales and Related
2.1%$12.02$8.99Healthcare Support
2.4%$17.79$9.08Protective Service
18.3%$14.72$9.78Office & Administrative Support
Under $10/hour (62% of all workers)
$15.91$8.88State Average
Percentageof
Employment
50th
Percentile(Median)HourlyWage
Entry-LevelHourlyWage
Occupational Category
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--33 Family BudgetsFamily Budgets
60% of single taxpayers
$25,867$12.44 Basic budget for a single adult
87% of head-of-household taxpayers
$53,987$25.96 Basic family budget for a one-adult,
two-child family (2005)
39% of joint-return
taxpayers$44,130$21.22
Basic family budget for a two-adult, two-child family with one adult working (2005)
56% of joint-return
taxpayers $63,921$15.37
Basic family budget for a two-working-adult, two-child family (2005)
Estimated% below
Annualincome
Hourlywage
Family
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--33
Family Budgets, Wages, & Poverty LevelsFamily Budgets, Wages, & Poverty Levels
32% of joint-return taxpayers
$38,314$18.42 Low income: 2 × federal poverty level for
a two-adult, two-child family (2004)
12% of joint-return taxpayers
$19,157$9.21 Federal poverty level for a two-adult, two-child family (2004)
61% of head-of-household taxpayers
$30,438$14.64 Low income: 2 × federal poverty level for
a one-adult, two-child family (2004)
26% of head-of-household taxpayers
$15,219$7.32 Federal poverty level for a one-adult, two-child family (2004)
9% of all taxable returns
$14,040$6.75 California minimum wage (2005)
50% of joint-return taxpayers
$58,327California median family income (2004)
50% of employees$31,325$15.06 California median hourly wage (2004) d
Estimated percentbelow
Annualincome
Hourlywage
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--44 Poverty in California Poverty in California
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--55 Least Affordable Metropolitan Least Affordable Metropolitan
Areas Areas
25059.641.3National
50056.21.9Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA
60878.32.5Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine, CA
58065.83.2Santa Barbara-Santa Maria, CA
38054.43.9Modesto, CA
60062.25.0Salinas, CA
49164.95.2San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA
36546.45.5Merced, CA
60075.05.8Napa, CA
67275.15.9Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
47259.26.1New York-White Plains-Wayne, NY-NJ
47591.06.1Nassau-Suffolk, NY
43057.16.5Stockton, CA
53363.87.8San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA
74591.27.8San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood City, CA
40065.47.9Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA
30848.08.1Madera, CA
38557.58.4Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA
29747.09.2Fresno, CA
55583.89.4Oakland-Fremont-Hayward, CA
53275.110.7Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA
Q1 2006MedianSalesPrice(000s)
MedianFamilyIncome(000s)
PercentHomes
Affordablefor
MedianIncome
Metropolitan Area
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--66 Fair Market Rents in CaliforniaFair Market Rents in California
$18.15 $16.96 $11.65 $9.48 $8.40 $944 $882 $606 $493 $437 Yuba City
$26.19 $24.63 $16.90 $13.83 $13.06 $1,362 $1,281 $879 $719 $679 Yolo
$17.65 $17.19 $12.02 $10.35 $9.25 $918 $894 $625 $538 $481 Visalia-Porterville
$32.65 $26.50 $18.90 $16.48 $15.31 $1,698 $1,378 $983 $857 $796 Vallejo-Fairfield
$28.13 $22.35 $16.27 $13.19 $11.58 $1,463 $1,162 $846 $686 $602 Stockton
$36.73 $31.40 $22.13 $17.54 $14.40 $1,910 $1,633 $1,151 $912 $749 Santa Rosa-Petaluma
$38.31 $37.17 $25.83 $19.81 $16.79 $1,992 $1,933 $1,343 $1,030 $873 Santa Cruz-Watsonville
$29.98 $26.27 $19.94 $17.77 $15.92 $1,559 $1,366 $1,037 $924 $828 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta
$26.62 $25.87 $17.75 $14.58 $12.33 $1,384 $1,345 $923 $758 $641 San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles
$39.44 $35.96 $25.04 $21.21 $18.06 $2,051 $1,870 $1,302 $1,103 $939 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara
$41.67 $39.44 $29.54 $23.60 $19.19 $2,167 $2,051 $1,536 $1,227 $998 San Francisco
$39.15 $32.46 $22.27 $18.35 $16.08 $2,036 $1,688 $1,158 $954 $836 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos
$29.85 $24.12 $17.02 $15.31 $11.31 $1,552 $1,254 $885 $796 $588 San Benito County
$30.42 $29.04 $20.56 $17.90 $15.90 $1,582 $1,510 $1,069 $931 $827 Salinas
$32.92 $28.25 $19.38 $16.27 $14.27 $1,712 $1,469 $1,008 $846 $742 Sacramento--Roseville
$29.08 $24.88 $17.52 $15.02 $13.75 $1,512 $1,294 $911 $781 $715 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario
$22.21 $18.44 $12.63 $10.38 $8.92 $1,155 $959 $657 $540 $464 Redding
$47.17 $40.90 $28.12 $22.23 $20.04 $2,453 $2,127 $1,462 $1,156 $1,042 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura
$44.00 $38.31 $26.77 $22.33 $19.88 $2,288 $1,992 $1,392 $1,161 $1,034 Orange County
$44.00 $35.87 $25.75 $21.73 $18.13 $2,288 $1,865 $1,339 $1,130 $943 Oakland-Fremont
$33.17 $29.21 $21.12 $16.25 $14.50 $1,725 $1,519 $1,098 $845 $754 Napa
$23.38 $20.25 $14.12 $11.98 $10.85 $1,216 $1,053 $734 $623 $564 Modesto
$20.33 $17.42 $12.21 $10.06 $8.81 $1,057 $906 $635 $523 $458 Merced
$19.13 $18.56 $12.77 $10.02 $9.54 $995 $965 $664 $521 $496 Madera
$36.94 $30.71 $22.87 $18.31 $15.17 $1,921 $1,597 $1,189 $952 $789 Los Angeles-Long Beach
$20.67 $17.15 $11.77 $10.13 $9.52 $1,075 $892 $612 $527 $495 Hanford-Corcoran
$21.15 $19.63 $13.50 $11.44 $10.38 $1,100 $1,021 $702 $595 $540 Fresno
$22.15 $17.38 $12.63 $10.25 $9.06 $1,152 $904 $657 $533 $471 El Centro
$21.94 $18.38 $13.04 $10.81 $9.10 $1,141 $956 $678 $562 $473 Chico
$20.79 $17.35 $12.00 $10.08 $9.33 $1,081 $902 $624 $524 $485 Bakersfield
$35.85 $30.72 $22.09$18.11 $15.48 $1,864 $1,598 $1,149 $942 $805 California
FourThreeTwoOneZeroFourThreeTwoOneZero
Hourly Wage (at 40 hours per week) Needed to Afford FMR
Fair Market Rents (FMR) by Number of BedroomsMetropolitan Area
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--77 NationNation’’s Report Card: s Report Card:
Comparing California Comparing California
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--77 NationNation’’s Report Card: s Report Card:
Comparing California Comparing California
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--77 NationNation’’s Report Card: s Report Card:
Comparing California Comparing California
Exhibit 7Exhibit 7--88 Students enrolled per teacher Students enrolled per teacher
and average teacher salary in and average teacher salary in
public Kpublic K--12 schools12 schools