Chapter 3Introduction to plant structure
Organization of the vascular plant body
CellsCells Tissues Organs
Meristems – meristematic cells, initialsDerivatives – differentiated, non-meristematic, specialized cells
Cells
Meristems & growth– Apical meristems & primary
growth– Lateral meristems & secondary
growth
Primary growth
Figure 3.15
Apical meristems
3 primary meristems– Protoderm– Ground meristem– Procambium
Lateral meristems
Secondary growth (woody plants)– Vascular cambium– Cork cambium
Secondary growth & plant life cycles
Herbaceous plants vs. woody plants Annuals, biennials, perennials
Intercalary meristems
Stem elongation in grasses
Organization of the vascular plant body
Cells
TissuesTissues Organs Dermal
GroundVascular
Dermal tissues
Epidermis
Epidermis
Cuticle
Would you expect root epidermis to have cuticle?
EpidermisTrichomes
Dermal tissues
Periderm
Cypress bark
Maple bark
Pine barkOak bark
Periderm (bark)
Cuticle & Carnauba wax
Trichomes & Terpenes
Lipid-based Essential oils
– Citronellol– Camphor– Mints (Mentha)– Menthol
Pyrethrins
A terpene antimicrobial & anti-feedant
Ground tissues
Parenchyma– Chlorenchyma
Ground tissues
Sclerenchyma– Fibers– Sclereids
Sclerenchyma fibers
Sclerenchyma fibers
Important fiber crops
Hemp
Important fiber crops
Flax (linen)
Important fiber crops
Ramie
Jute
Bangladesh - #1 producer
Ground tissues
Collenchyma
Vascular tissues
Xylem Phloem
Vascular tissues
Vascular bundles in stems
Dicot root, c.s.
Xylem vessel Xylem tracheidPhloem
Vascular tissue Phloem
Sieve tube
Companion cell
Vascular tissues
Longitudinal sections
Cuticle is associated with which tissue(s)?
1. Epidermis
2. Sclerenchyma
3. Xylem
4. Ground tissue
5. All of these
Photosynthesis primarily occurs in
1. Epidermis
2. Ground tissue
3. Phloem
4. Collenchyma
5. Vascular tissue
Water transport is accomplished by
1. Dermal tissue
2. Ground tissue
3. Sclerenchyma fibers
4. Phloem
5. Vascular tissue
Organization of the vascular plant body Cells Tissues
OrgansOrgansShoot system
StemsLeavesFlowers
Root system
Plant growth & development
Seed plant embryos give rise to roots, stems and leaves of adult plant