Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solutions p. 418-424
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SolutionsSolutionsChapter 12 Modern Chapter 12 Modern ChemistryChemistry
Sections 1-3Sections 1-3
Types of MixturesTypes of Mixtures
The Solution ProcessThe Solution Process
Concentrations of Concentrations of SolutionSolution
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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Concentration Concentration of Solutionsof Solutions
Section 12.3Section 12.3
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
3
ConcentrationConcentratedDiluteMolarityMolalityDilution
VocabularyVocabulary
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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MOLARITYMOLARITY
Concept Map 12.3Concept Map 12.3
DILUTEDILUTECONCENTRATEDCONCENTRATED
DILUTIONSDILUTIONS
CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION
MOLALITYMOLALITY
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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• Concentration is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.
• Dilute means that there is a small amount of solute.
• Concentration means that there is a large amount of solute.
• There are many ways to quantify concentration.
ConcentrationConcentration
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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Concentration UnitsConcentration Units
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
7p. xxCon
cen
trati
on
& M
ola
rity
Con
cen
trati
on
& M
ola
rity
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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The number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.
MolarityMolarity
MM = =moles of solutemoles of solute
liters of solutionliters of solution
MM = =molmol
LL
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
9p. 419
Making Making
a a Molar Molar SolutioSolutionn
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
10p. xxMakin
g a
Mola
r S
olu
tion
Makin
g a
Mola
r S
olu
tion
Insert Holt Disc 2Insert Holt Disc 2
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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1. You have 3.50 L of solution that contains 90.0 g of sodium chloride, NaCl. What is the molarity of that solution?
2. You have 0.8 L of a 0.5 M HCl solution. How many moles of HCl does this solution contain?
3. To produce 40.0 g of silver chromate, you will need at least 23.4 g of potassium chromate in solution as a reactant. All you have on hand is 5 L of a 6.0 M K2CrO4 solution. What volume of the solution is needed to give you the 23.4 g K2CrO4 needed for the reaction?
p. 4
20-4
21
1. 0.440 M NaCl
Molarity Sample ProblemsMolarity Sample Problems
2. 0.4 mol HCl
3. 0.020 L K2CrO4
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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1. What is the molarity of a solution composed of 5.85 g of potassium iodide, KI, dissolved in enough water to make 0.125 L of solution?
2. How many moles of H2SO4 are present in 0.500 L of a 0.150 M H2SO4 solution?
3. What volume of 3.00 M NaCl is needed for a reaction that requires 146.3 g of NaCl?
p. 4
21
1. 0.282 M KI
Molarity Practice ProblemsMolarity Practice Problems
2. 0.0750 mol
3. 0.834 L
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
13p. xxMola
rity
vs.
Mola
lity
Mola
rity
vs.
Mola
lity
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
MolalityMolality
mm = =moles of solutemoles of solute
kilograms of solventkilograms of solvent
mm = =molmol
KgKg
The density of water is 1 g / mL. So, 1 g = 1 mL and 1kg = 1 L
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
15p. 422
Making a Molal SolutionMaking a Molal Solution
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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1. A solution was prepared by dissolving 17.1 g of sucrose (table sugar, C12H22O11) in 125 g of water. Find the molal concentration of this solution.
2. A solution of iodine, I2, in carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, is used when iodine is needed for certain chemical tests. How much iodine must be added to prepare a 0.480 m solution of iodine in CCl4 if 100.0 g of CCl4 is used?
p. 4
23-4
24
1. 0.400 m C12H22O11
Molality Sample ProblemsMolality Sample Problems
2. 12.2 g I2
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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1. What is the molality of acetone in a solution composed of 255 g of acetone, (CH3)2CO, dissolved in 200. g of water?
2. What quantity, in grams, of methanol, CH3OH, is required to prepare a 0.244 m solution in 400. g of water?
p. 4
24
1. 22.0 m acetone
Molality Practice ProblemsMolality Practice Problems
2. 3.13 g CH3OH
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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How much of an original solution is needed to make a less concentrated solution by adding water?
Diluting a SolutionDiluting a Solution
MM1 1 VV1 1 = M= M22 V V22OriginaOriginal l
MolaritMolarityy
Volume Volume of of
OriginaOriginal l
SolutioSolution n
NeededNeeded
NewNewMolaritMolarit
yy
Volume Volume of New of New SolutioSolutio
n n WanteWante
dd
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
19p. xxDilu
tin
g a
Solu
tion
Dilu
tin
g a
Solu
tion
Insert Holt Disc 2Insert Holt Disc 2
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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P. 902 # 367. What is the molarity of a solution of ammonium chloride prepared by diluting 50.00 mL of a 3.79 M NH4Cl solution to 2.00 L?
P. 903 #370. To what volume should 1.19 mL of an 8.00 M acetic acid solution be diluted in order to obtain a final solution that is 1.50 M?
0.0948 M
Dilution ProblemsDilution Problems
6.35 mL
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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P. 903 # 371. What volume of a 5.75 M formic acid solution should be used to prepare 2.00 L of a 1.00 M formic acid solution?
P. 903 #372. A 25.00 mL sample of ammonium nitrate solution produces a 0.186 M solution when diluted with 50.00 mL of water. What is the molarity of the stock solution?
348 mL
Dilution ProblemsDilution Problems
0.558 M
Chapter 12 Section 3 Concentration of Solns p. 418-424
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Ch 12 Sec 3 HomeworkCh 12 Sec 3 Homework
Molarity, Molality, Dilution Problem Bank Page 902-903 #345-347, 350-352, 375