Chapter 12 Notes

Free African Americans in the North and the South

• Discrimination in the North• Nancy Gardener Prince She was treated with

respect in Russia but discriminated in Boston.

Elizabeth Alexeivna Empress of Russia & wife of Czar Alexander I

•Free African Population1790 59,000.1830 319,000.1860 488,000.

• 1860 Maryland had more free African Americans that any other state.• Thousands became free by running

away.

• Limits on freedomSouth: No right to vote

No right to trial by juryNo right to public schoolNo right to travel freelyNo right to gather together with out at least one white person present

• Limits on freedomNorth: Limits on voting

Prohibited from testifying against whitesSeparation of races

• African Americans owned businesses in the South and a few became rather wealthy.

In 1850 in Charleston South Carolina there were:

122 carpenters87 tailors30 shoemakersmore than a half a dozen innkeepers

• EntrepreneursJames Forten - Owned a sail making

factory in Philadelphia..

• EntrepreneursPaul Cuffe - Owned a fishing fleet of three

ships and a warehouse in Connecticut.

• Free African Americans began to go to schools and attend colleges and Universities.

• Mutual Aid Societies – African Americans provided services for each other.

• Threats to freedomWhite mobs and slave catchers.

• Many free Africans went to Canada.• Some free Africans went to Liberia

Africa established with help by President James Monroe.