Chapter 1Children Parenting and You
An overview of what’s to come!
Chapter LEQ’s
What are the benefits of studying children?
What are the ideas of the leading theorists in Child Development?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of
observation?
UNIT VOCABULARY
• Child Development• Developmental Task
• Environment• Heredity• Interpret
Children Learn What They Live
• You will be divided into groups. Each group will be given a line of the poem. Your group should discuss what this line means and give two “real life” examples that demonstrate this phrase.
• Some one in your group should be nominated as spokesman for the group and share what your group talked about.
You have 5 minutes.
Children Learn What They Live
If children live with criticism, they learn to condemn.
If children live with hostility, they learn to fight.
If children live with ridicule, they learn to be shy.
Children Learn What They Live
If children live with shame, they learn to feel guilty.
If children life with encouragement, they learn to be confident. If children live with tolerance, they learn to be patient.
Children Learn What They Live
If children live with tolerance, they learn appreciation.
If children live with acceptance, they learn to love.
If children live with approval, they learn to like themselves.
Children Learn What They Live
If children live with honesty, they learn truthfulness.
If children live with security, they learn to have faith.
If children live with friendliness, they learn the world is a nice place to live.
Childhood is Important
Brain Development(five years, development in all
areas)
Control BodyMake Connections(caregiver stimulation and play)
Brain Development• The brain is 90% of adult capacity by age 5.• The first 3 years are when the wiring of the
brain is developed.• Nutrition and the kinds of stimulation the
child’s environment provides determine brain development
• If a child does not receive stimulation or proper nutrition, their brain is 20-30 smaller
• Use it or lose it (pruning)• Windows of opportunity
What are windows of opportunity?
• Vision ---within first year• Vocabulary---within the first year• Second language---beginning at 1 year• Motor development (movement)---within first
year• Music---beginning at age 3
• Diggo.com/user/Patricia_Martin
Play and Development
agame2teach.com
liv.ac.uk
a2zteachersoutlet.com
time.comcarrieanddanielle.com
• Children develop through play• They develop in 5 areas
– Physical– Social– Emotional– Intellectual (cognitive)– Moral
How much do you know?
Jorge’s mother measures his height and that of his brothers. This is an example of what type
of development?Emotional
Intellectual (cognitive)Moral
PhysicalSocial
Try Again!
You got it!
How much do you know?
Kate and Lwanda play together everyday at their preschool. Sometimes they let Tricia join in.
This is an example of what type of development?EmotionalIntellectual
MoralPhysicalSocial
How much do you know?
In kindergarten, children learn the letters of the alphabet and numbers from 1-10. This is an
example of what ttype of development?
EmotionalIntellectual
MoralPhysicalSocial
How much do you know?
When his parents divorced, Rick began to withdraw from other people and to write in his diary every night. This is an example of
what type of development?EmotionalIntellectual
Moral PhysicalSocial
How much do you know?
Tran had difficulty riding a bicycle when he was seven, but by his eighth birthday he was able to pedal, steer, and brake. This is an example
of what type of development?EmotionalIntellectual
MoralPhysicalSocial
How much do you know?
After John took a block, Ernesto objected, saying “That’s not fair? It’s not your turn.” This is an
example of what type of development?EmotionalIntellectual
MoralPhysicalSocial
How much do you know?
Annie could read by the time she was five, but Evan didn’t start reading until he was six. This is an example of what type of development?
EmotionalIntellectual
MoralPhysicalSocial
How much do you know?
Chan seemed to wake up happy every day. This is an example of what type of development?
EmotionalIntellectual
MoralPhysicalSocial
One more try…
Though she is only four years old, Amy brushes her teeth after every meal. This is an example
of what type of development?EmotionalIntellectual
MoralPhysicalSocial
Is Play Really That Important?
• For children, play is essential.• They learn a lot from playing.
• Children need to play in order to learn.• All areas of development are enhanced by
play.• Let’s think about what children can learn from
play.
Let’s Play a Game• In small groups, choose an activity or game that you and everyone in your group enjoyed
playing as a child.• When you have agreed, write it on the board.
If someone already choose your activity/game, you need to pick again.
• Come up with at least 2 ways a child develops in each of the areas of development.
• Be prepared to share with the class.YOU HAVE 8 MINUNTES!
There are 5 characteristics of development…
• Development is similar for everyone• Development builds on earlier learning• Development proceeds at an individual rate• Different areas of development are
interrelated• Development is continuous throughout life
Which characteristic of development applies to this situation?
In school, Michael did poorly on test and was seldom able to
answer the teacher’s questions. Other children teased him and
called him names. As a result, he was shy and had little self
confidence. Since he has started wearing glasses, he has been
seeing the chalkboard better and doing better in school. He feels better about himself and is now getting along better with other
children.Interrelated
Which characteristic of development applies to this situation?
murals-and-ore.com
Josh and Nicole are cousins. Although Josh
is tow months older, Nicole began to sit and
stand at about the same time as he did.
Earlier learning
Which characteristic of development applies to this situation?
wondercliparts.com Dana and her family spent the
summer visiting relatives in Toronto. Dana helped the
parents by watching Michelle and Brian, who were both two year olds. She noticed that both children could run fairly well, stand on one foot, and
climb stairs. They both enjoyed playing with sand and like finger
painting. Similar for everyone
Which characteristic of development applies to this situation?
babybirdproductions.com
Jessica is an active three year old. Lately,
she has started choosing her clothes each morning, Her
parents are amazed at her eagerness to learn new things---it seems like she never stops
wanting to learn.Continuous
Which characteristic of development applies to this situation?
Luke is helping his younger brother Andy learn the alphabet.
Andy seems to be catching on very quickly. Yesterday, he called out some of the letters on a store sign as he and Luke walked down the street. Luke knows that soon
Andy will be able to point out a few simple words and not long after that he’ll be reading sentences.
All of them
Understanding Childhood• Development occurs rapidly in children
– Infants are completely dependent– 1 yr olds are starting to do a few things on
their own– 2 yr olds want to have more independence– 3-5 yr olds continue to push the limits and
test independence
• Children need to experience increased independence with age
Partner Activity• Brainstorm with your partner: What are the elements for a happy
childhood? What can parents do to make childhood
more happy for their child? What can caregivers/family members
do to make childhood more happy?• Decide who will share your information.
• You have 5 minutes
How has childhood changed through the years?
• Children were not really taken seriously or understood until about the 1930’s. As time has gone on, the role of childhood has been recognized as very different and a very important part of development.
• Let’s look at the differences between children in the late 1800’s and the 2000’s.
Work1800’s
•Begin working a young age•No pay for work•Everyone in family expected to help•Farm work was most common•Education and play were not valued
2000’s
•Start working at 14 (limited hours)•Need work permit•Paid minimum wage•Work restrictions •Limited responsibilities•More options available
•Play
1800’s
•Not a lot of time to play (not important)•Toys were homemade•Wooden toys for boys•Cloth toys for girls
2000’s•Young children have assigned times for play•Electronics•Need for constant movement/action•Toys are much more sophisticated and educational
Education1800’s
•Attendance was not mandatory•One room•Same thing taught every year•Usually associated with church•Most did not get past grade 5
2000’s•Required to attend•Divided by grade•Many choices of curriculum•Standardized test•Success and graduation is expected of all•Technology aids in learning
Health1800’s
•No immunizations•Many illnesses•No medicine•Limited access to doctors (travelled around)•Many children died at an early age•Average life span 40-50
2000’s•Required immunizations•Medicines for many illness•Great medical advances•Health care is available to all•People are living longer•Average life span is 83
Dress2000’s
Anything Goes!
http://pattisoriginals.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/m9424.jpg
1800’s•Girls
•Long dresses•Aprons•Hats•Long sleeves
•Boys•Long pant•Long sleeve shirts•Suspenders
•Miniature adults•No washing machines
Parental Love
This is one thing that has not changed. Parents have always and continue to want what is
best for their children. This has not changed over the ages.
Why should we study children?
• Children were not really taken seriously until the early 1900’s
• They were just small adults• Since that time, children have been studied in
a variety of areas like:– Education– Medicine– Nutrition– Psychology
Why study children?• Understand them
– Why they do things– Stages of development and behavior– Importance of caregivers
• Gain skills– Basic care– Personal skills (responsibility,
patience…)• Understand yourself
– Childhood shapes you and you mature• Build for the future
– Careers – Better skills
Biggest Influence in Development
Heredity Environment
thrombate.comsweden.se
Greatest Influence on Development• Think about what is the greatest influence on
development. Your choices are: heredity environment combination• Divide into groups who made the same choice• Come up with at least 5 reasons that support
your choice. Be prepared to share with the class and be sure everyone in your group contributes.
You have 8 minutes
Theories of Development
• There are many people out there who have ideas about how development occurs.
• Many of them are followed by teachers and schools, some are not.
• You can agree or disagree, but you need to have an understanding of each of these theorists
Jean Piaget1896-1980
qcms.org
•Video
•First to study children scientifically---important
•Studied how children learn
•Four stages of thinking shape their views of the world
•Memory and repetition are key to development
•First published at age 10
Maria Montessori1870-1952
montessorilajolla.com
•Video
•Children learn by using their senses (sensory learning)
•Children learn be by pursing their interests
•Experiences are more important than words
•Classroom are individualized for learning
Erik Erikson1902-1994
famousquotesandauthors.com
• Video
•Personality develops through stages
•8 stages (trust vs. mistrust)
•Psychological crisis met in positive way—move to next stage
•Adults need to be sensitive to child’s needs
B. F. Skinner1904-1990
• Positive reinforcement---repeat
•Negative reinforcement---stop
•Rewards and punishment influence behaviors
•Mouse and cheese experiment 180techtips.com
Abraham Maslow1908-1970
menwithpens.ca
•Start at bottom and move upward
•Cannot move up unless bottom needs are met
•Not always an upward movement
•Caregivers need to know and meet child’s needs
Howard Gardner1943-present
learningtheories.wikispaces.com
•Eight different types of intelligences or learning styles
•Everyone has learning strengths and weaknesses
•Theory is very popular and many educators are changing the way they do things
Life Stages
• We will all move through different stages of life from infancy through adulthood.
• Each stage contains developmental tasks (challenges we face during each stage)
• There are 3 task of adolescence (your stage)– Identity– Independence– Planning for life work
Self Esteem and Life Stages
• As you move through these stages, you will develop more self esteem (how you feel about yourself)
• The more self esteem you have, the greater the ability to move through those tasks
• As parents/caregivers, be sure to provide for the needs of your child and help them to feel good about themselves.