1
Carrier Ethernet Access Extending Ethernet into the First Mile
October 2008
2
A key benefit of Carrier Ethernetis its ability to provide consistent, cost-efficient, high-performance servicesdelivered to users …
connected over the widest variety of access networks in any location
Introduction: Extending Carrier Ethernet into the First Mile
This presentation
Describes how each access technology enables delivery of these and other Carrier Ethernet benefits to users connected to the world’s access networks
COAXDirect Fiber
WDM Fiber
DS3/E3
Bonded Copper
Bonded T1/E1
TDM
Direct Fiber
SONET/ SDH
PON Fiber
MSO/Cable network
Carrier network
Carrier Network
3
Carrier Ethernet Access
• Snapshot of a Growing Market• Standards Driving Market Adoption• Multi-Site Enterprise Application Example
– The enabling access technologies• Wireless Backhaul Application Example
– The enabling Ethernet technologies• Carrier Ethernet Benefits
– Available with any access media– Enhanced by ubiquitous service access
4
Growing Revenue from Carrier Ethernet
Carrier Ethernet Revenue
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
US
D (
Mill
ion
s)
North America
Latin America
EMEA
Asia-Pacific
Yankee Group 2008
5
The Fiber Gap Remains a Growth Inhibitor
10.7%15.3%
89.3% No Fiber84.7% No Fiber
2007 U.S. Fiber Availability% of U.S. Commercial Buildings
with 20+ employees
2007 European Fiber Availability% of European Commercial Buildings
with 20+ employees2007 Fiber Availability
% of U.S. Commercial Buildingswith 20+ employees
Source: Vertical Systems GroupENS Research Program
BuildingsFiber-
ConnectedBuildingsNot Fiber-Connected
Fiber Fiber
U.S. Europe
85% of buildings don’t have fiber…and fiber deployment is not happening very fast
85% of buildings don’t have fiber…and fiber deployment is not happening very fast
6
What’s Driving the Ethernet Migration?
DIA, Private Lines, Dedicated IP VPN, Frame Relay are migrating to Ethernet
DIA, Private Lines, Dedicated IP VPN, Frame Relay are migrating to Ethernet
Legacy Services Which Are Migrating to Ethernet
(Sub-10Mbps)
1.Frame Relay2.Private Line3.Dedicated Internet Access (DIA)4.DSL5.Greenfield/Other6.Dedicated IP VPN Services7.ATM
Source: Vertical Systems Group 2008
Business Ethernet Service Market
7
IP Applications Drive Ethernet Demand
Ethernet Service Applications
• Hosted Centrex Service
• IP PBX / Digital Phone
• Distance Learning / Corporate Training
• Medical Imagining
• Secure file transfer
• Offsite Storage
• Transparent LAN Services
• Data Center Interconnection
8
Standards Driving Industry Adoption
9
MEF has Standardized the Basic Services
E-Line Service – used to create• Ethernet Private Lines (EPL)• Virtual Private Lines• Ethernet Internet Access
UNI
Multi-point to Multi-point EVCMulti-point to Multi-point EVC
UNIUNI
UNIPoint-to-Point EVCPoint-to-Point EVC
UNI
E-LAN Service – used to create• Multipoint L2 VPNs• Transparent LAN Service• Multicast networks
E-Tree Service – used to create• Rooted multi-point L2 VPNs• Broadcast networks• Telemetry networks
Rooted Multipoint EVCRooted Multipoint EVC
UNI
UNI
UNI
Government, Campus Connectivity
Healthcare, Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
Dedicated Internet Access (DIA)
10
MEF Standards for TDM Over Ethernet Circuit Emulation Services over Ethernet (CESoETH)
Primary applications• Mobile backhaul
• Business services delivery
• PBX Interconnect
MEF 18Abstract Test Suite for
Circuit Emulation Services over Ethernet
MEF 18Abstract Test Suite for
Circuit Emulation Services over Ethernet
MEF 3Circuit Emulation Service
Definitions, Framework and Requirements in Metro
Ethernet Networks
MEF 3Circuit Emulation Service
Definitions, Framework and Requirements in Metro
Ethernet Networks
MEF 8Implementation Agreement for the Emulation of PDH
Circuits over Metro Ethernet Networks
MEF 8Implementation Agreement for the Emulation of PDH
Circuits over Metro Ethernet Networks
TDM Circuits(e.g. T1/E1 Lines)
Carrier Ethernet Network
TDM Circuits(e.g. T1/E1 Lines)
Circuit Emulated
TDM Traffic
• MEF 3– Requirements for TDM transport over Ethernet
Access
• MEF 8– Delivery of TDM (T1/E1, DS3/E3) transport
over Ethernet Access
• MEF 18– Tests for compliance of CESoETH system– 334 tests for T1/E1 and DS3/E3 including
tests of clock recovery
11
What is Circuit Emulation Over Ethernet?
• Industry’s first formal definition of CES standards over Ethernet • CESoETH “tunnels” TDM traffic through a Carrier Ethernet network
– Packet network “emulates” a circuit-switched network, re-creating the TDM circuit– Invisible to TDM source and destination equipment– Runs on a standard Ethernet Line Service (E-Line)
• Treats the CEN as a “virtual wire” between two TDM networks
PSTN
CustomerPremises CESoETH
Ethernet UNI
Ethernet UNI
Ethernet
E-Line Service
EthernetT1/DS3T1 CES
IWF
TDM subscriber demarcation
TDM Network Interface
Service Provider Network
CESoETH can be delivered over any Ethernet access technology!CESoETH can be delivered over any Ethernet access technology!
Carrier Ethernet Network
CES IWF
12
Managing the Carrier Ethernet with OAM
Developed to provide fault management and performance monitoring tools for network links and end-to-end EVCs
IEEE 802.3ahLink OAM Link OAM
Service OAM (UNI to UNI)IEEE 802.1ag, MEF & ITU Y.1731
Carrier Ethernet Network
Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC)
13
Manage the Ethernet-based Physical Link
IEEE 802.3ah Link OAM• Provides OAM functions for network segments (access
links and individual circuits)• Monitors individual links, not end-to-end EVC• Provides Link Fault Detection, Monitoring and Loopback
– Identify of link Faults and signal dying gasp to link-partner – Detect and notify link performance degradation or failure during
run-time (compared to pre-set thresholds)– Initiate loopback for testing during installation or trouble-shooting
• Organizational Specific Extensions– Vendors can use 802.3ah extensions to provide capabilities such
as management channels, ports provisioning (VLANs, QoS, rate-limiting, etc.) and fault notifications
14
Manage the Ethernet Service End-to-End
Fault Management and Performance Monitoring End-to-End (UNI-to-UNI)
IEEE 802.1ag - “Connectivity Fault Management (CFM)” across EVC – Continuity Check (CC)– Loopback– Linktrace– Also provides the ability to monitor at specific service levels
(including customer, service provider, operator, section) and support for maintenance domains.
ITU-T Y.1731 – “OAM Functions & Mechanisms for Ethernet networks” – Provides all of the 802.1ag functionality with additional performance
monitoring capabilities including:• Frame Loss, Delay and Delay Variation Measurements • Automatic Protection Switching
15
MEF Certification
MEF 9: Test suite at the UNI– VLAN switching models on the E-WAN
MEF 14: QOS traffic management– Guarantees the application performance
MEF 18: Circuit emulation services over Ethernet networks– TDM circuits (T1/E1, DS3/E3) transported over
Carrier Ethernet
MEF certified services ensure application delivery across geography and disparate access networksTM
16
Multi-Site Enterprise Access Case Study
17
Ethernet Access for a Multi-site Enterprise
MSO/ Cable
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
COAXDirect Fiber
WDM Fiber
DS3/E3
Bonded Copper
Bonded T1/E1
Carrier 2
TDM
Ethernet
Ethernet EthernetEthernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
SONET/ SDH
PON Fiber
Ethernet
Carrier 1
Ethernet
Ethernet
18
MSO/ Cable
COAXDirect Fiber
WDM Fiber
DS3/E3
Bonded Copper
Bonded T1/E1
Carrier 2
TDM
Ethernet
Ethernet EthernetEthernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
PON Fiber
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet Over Active Fiber
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
Carrier 1
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
19
NIDDemarcation
Ethernet Access over Active Fiber
Longest Distance- Distance up to 140 Km with no bandwidth loss
Highest Bandwidth Capacity- Bandwidth Capacity of 100Mbps, 1 Gigabit, 10
Gigabit, 40 Gigabit, and more.- WDM enables multiple data streams per fiber link
Security- Physically secure medium with no EMF
emission; nearly impossible to tap lines
Scalability- EVC / E-Line / E-LAN using Q-in-Q VLAN- High capacity enables rate limiting tiered services
Reliability - Protection with redundant links & resilient rings- OAM performance monitoring & fault notification
Secure Service Management- 802.3ah OAM IP-less management & provisioning- NIDs provide securely managed demarcation
Central Office
MediaConversion
Multi-CustomerNID Demarcation
20
MSO/ Cable
COAXDirect Fiber
DS3/E3
Bonded Copper
Bonded T1/E1
Carrier 2
TDM
Ethernet
EthernetEthernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
SONET/ SDH
PON Fiber
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet Over WDM Fiber
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
WDM Fiber
Ethernet
Carrier 1
21
Ethernet Access over WDM Active Fiber
Future Proof- Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) enables
multiple data streams (wavelengths) per fiber link- CWDM supports up to 18 wavelengths per fiber
access link, more with WDM- Add/Drop multiplexers provide new access points by
splicing into the WDM fiber link
Cost Effective- Increase fiber access capacity and minimize
installation of new fiber links- Small form pluggable transceivers, multiplexers
and media converters enable WDM wavelengths with existing infrastructure equipment
Scalability- Quickly implement new fiber access with
off-the-shelf hardware- Wavelengths can deliver different network protocols
to mix Ethernet and TDM services over one fiber link
Central Office
Media and WavelengthConversion
Direct Fiber
Add/DropMultiplexer
Multiplexer
P2P WDM Fiber Access
WDM over SONET Ring
Add/DropMultiplexer
Direct Fiber
NID
22
Direct Fiber
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
Ethernet over COAX (HFC)
WDM Fiber
DS3/E3
Bonded Copper
Bonded T1/E1
Carrier 2
TDM
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
PON Fiber
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
COAX
Ethernet
Carrier 1
MSO/ Cable
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
23
Cable uses a Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) network– Network extends fiber to a node– Coax is used for lower bandwidth sites while fiber is still used for large bandwidth sites– Coax-fed and fiber-fed sites are integrated into a single network
Cost effective alternative to Fiber– Up to 10 meg with DOCSIS 3.0 implementation - scalable in 1 meg increments
Typical Customer is Regional Business, Multi-site, Internet-heavy
Alternative to Legacy Technologies ATM, Frame Relay, T1
Typical Applications– Branch office interconnectivity– Dedicated Internet access– Disaster recovery / business continuity– Distance learning– PACS images– Automatic teller machine (ATM)– Security cameras– Point of sale (POS)– Teleworker / remote employees
Ethernet over COAX
Carrier Ethernet Network
100/1000BaseT
Ethernet Edge Aggregator
Fibe
r
Coax
10/100BaseT
Fibe
r
Node
24
Direct Fiber
MSO/ Cable
COAXDirect Fiber
WDM Fiber
DS3/E3Bonded
T1/E1
Carrier 2
TDM
Ethernet
Ethernet EthernetEthernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
PON Fiber
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet Over Bonded Copper
Bonded Copper
Ethernet
Carrier 1
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
25
Ethernet over Bonded Copper
Copper Pairs are Bonded to Create a Single Ethernet Pipe– Utilizes EFM (2BaseTL, IEE802.3ah) Copper Bonding Standard
Leverages Existing Copper to Fill Fiber Gap– Only 15% of US and 11% of European businesses have
access to fiber– Nearly 100% of businesses have enough copper pairs
to get up to 100 Mbps
Fast Service Turn Up, Fast Pay Back– Deploys in days or weeks– Requires minimal CapEx– Payback is 3-6 months
High Bandwidth and Reliability– Up to 10x more bandwidth than legacy copper solutions– Pair failover capability ensures fiber service level
agreements are met or exceeded
Enables Ubiquitous Service Offerings– Provides services out to reaches that cover majority of providers’ serving area
Carrier Ethernet Network
Ethernet Over Bonded
Copper
Pt-to-Multipoint Ethernet over Copper Shelf
Ethernet Over Bonded
Copper
EthernetEthernet
EthernetEthernet
EthernetEthernet
EthernetEthernet
2B
AS
E-T
L
2B
AS
E-T
L
EthernetEthernet
EthernetEthernet
EthernetEthernet
EthernetEthernet
Native
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Native
Ethernet
Copper pairs
26
MSO/ Cable
COAXDirect Fiber
WDM Fiber
Bonded Copper
Ethernet
Ethernet EthernetEthernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
SONET/ SDH
PON Fiber
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
DS3/E3Bonded
T1/E1
Carrier 2
TDM
Ethernet
Ethernet
Carrier 1
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet over PDH (T1/E1, DS3/E3)
27
Ethernet over PDH (T1/E1, DS3/E3)
Ubiquitous Access– T1 and E1 circuits are universally available
– No distance limitations
– Use where fiber is not available or required
Rapid service turn-up– Leverages existing infrastructure
– Well understood provisioning and billing for off-net applications
Flexible and resilient bonding– Service stays up even if one link breaks
– Add and delete links hitlessly
Carrier Ethernet Network
10/100BaseT
Ethernet Edge Aggregator EoNxT1 EDD
Available Service Bandwidth Standard Encapsulation Technologies
Standard Circuit Bonding Technologies
Ethernet over T1/E1 1.5 Mbps up to 16 Mbps (with bonding)
PPP, GFP, HDLC, G.998.2 MLPPP, PDH VCAT
G.998.2
Ethernet over DS3/E3 34 Mbps up to 130 Mbps (with bonding)
X.86, GFP, G.998.2 PDH VCAT, G992.2, LAG
Nx T1/E1
DS3/E3
28
COAX
MSO/ Cable
Direct Fiber
WDM Fiber
DS3/E3
Bonded Copper
Bonded T1/E1
Carrier 2
TDM
Ethernet
Ethernet EthernetEthernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
SONET/ SDH
Ethernet Over Passive Optical Network
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
PON Fiber
Ethernet
Carrier 1
Ethernet
Ethernet
29
PON Simplifies Business Park Coverage- 1 Fiber strand is split at business parks- Splitters: pole mounted or on cables- Passive splitter serves 64 ONTs- ONT can be mounted outside- PON prevents fiber exhaust- Quick new customer adds
OPEX Savings & Lowest first cost- Remote ONT activation- Each ONT serves 4 UNI drops- Minimal outside plant maintenance- No power or permits needed- Affordable “Managed UNI” demark
Embedded Service Layering- E-LANs (MEF9)- T1 & E1 backhaul ports- IP-POTS ports
Ethernet Access over PON (Passive Fiber)
CentralOffice S
ingl
e Fi
ber
Str
and
Ethernet
Metro Core
PassiveSplitter
1:32
ONT
ONT
ONT
OLTEthernet
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
Outdoor 1:64 Passive Fiber Splitter
ONT Optical Network Terminal (CPE) UNI
Optical Line Terminal
30
MSO/ Cable
COAX
Direct Fiber
WDM Fiber
DS3/E3
Bonded Copper
Bonded T1/E1
Carrier 2
TDM
Ethernet EthernetEthernet
Ethernet
EthernetEthernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
Ethernet over SONET/SDH
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
Carrier 1
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
31
Ethernet over SONET/SDH
Rapid service turn-up– Leverages existing equipment and fiber plant– Ubiquitous availability world wide– Well understood provisioning and billing for off-
net applications– Ethernet enable on-net buildings
Highly resilient and secure service– Sub-50ms resiliency– Secure multi-tenant services– Legacy TDM circuits supported natively
Flexible bandwidth options– OC-3/STM1 up to OC-192/STM64 physical– Sub-rate and Nx OC/STM are available with
VCAT bonding
Carrier Ethernet Network
Available Service Bandwidth
Standard Encapsulation Technologies
Standard Circuit Bonding Technologies
Ethernet over SONET/SDH
155 Mbps up to 1 Gbps (with bonding)
X.86, GFP VCAT, LAG
OC/STM
OC/STM
Add/Drop Multiplexer
Add/Drop Multiplexer
EoS BoxMulti-tenant
EoS Box
32
Mobile Backhaul Case Study
33
Multi Physical Transport Mobile Backhaul Example
Direct Fiber
User to Network Interface (UNI)Network to Network Interface (NNI)
MBH Generic Interworking Function (GIWF) - Ex: MEF3/8
Microwave
Ethernet over Bonded PDH (E1/DS1)
Bonded Copper
BTS/NodeB
BTS/NodeB
BTS/NodeB
BTS/NodeB
N x GigE
Wireless CO
(RNC/BSC)
Carrier
ONT
BTS/NodeB
Splitter
PON Fiber
Carrier
34
Ethernet / TDM Services at the RAN
Backhaul is migrating from legacy TDM/ATM to Ethernet– The introductions of all IP technologies like EVDO, WCDMA R.5, LTE, and WiMAX require IP
backhaul in addition to the legacy TDM/ATM.
Ethernet is the right choice for growing data services– The introductions of All-IP technologies like EVDO, WCDMA R.5, LTE, and WiMAX require IP
backhaul in addition to the legacy TDM/ATM.
Multiple access technologies are available– A Carrier Ethernet RAN (Radio Access Network) can be achieved using a combination of
different physical transport technologies based on availability. Examples: Fiber, Copper Bonding, Circuit Bonding, and Microwaves.
All RAN traffic can be supported on single Carrier Ethernet connection– The MBH Generic Interworking Function (GIWF) enables the backhaul of any combination of
2G, 2.5G, 3G, Evolved-3G and 4G voice and data traffic over a single Carrier Ethernet RAN.
– The MBH GIWF allows a combination of Ethernet, MEF 3/8 based CESoPSN/SAToP, and IETF based ATM/Frame Relay/HDLC PWE3 over a single pipe.
35
Multiple Generations of Mobile Backhaul
2G
3G
4G
T1/E1
T1/E1 (TDM and ATM)
Ethernet (EVDO/HSPA/3G Rel.5)
Ethernet
Gateway
RNC
BSC
N x GigEOC3/STM-1
ATM (Iub)
CH OC3/STM-1
or E1/T1 (Abis)
Access Device
Ether
net
User to Network Interface (UNI)MBH Generic Interworking Function (GIWF) – Ex: MEF 3/8
BTS
NodeB
eNodeB (LTE)
BS (WiMAX)
Eth CarrierEthernet
36
Service Convergence for Multiple Generations
Wireless Generation
Cell Site Interface RNC/BSC Interface Supported Service
GSM, CDMA TDM: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1
TDM: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1
MEF 3/8 (Emulation of PDH Circuits over Metro Ethernet Networks) based CESoPSN/SAToP
WCDMA based UMTS R.99/4, HSDPA,
ATM & ATM IMA: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1
ATM: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1
MEF 3/8 based CESoPSN/SAToP IETF based ATM PWE3 (RFC4717)
CDMA2000: 1xRTT, 1xEVDO
HDLC: T1/E1, DS3/E3 HDLC: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1
MEF 3/8 based CESoPSN/SAToP IETF based HDLC PWE3 (RFC 4618)
iDEN FR: T1/E1, DS3/E3 FR: T1/E1, DS3/E3, OC3/STM-1
MEF 3/8 based CESoPSN/SAToP IETF based FR PWE3 (RFC 4619)
WCDMA/UMTS R.5, EVDO, WiMAX, LTE
Ethernet: Fast Ethernet
Ethernet: GigE Ethernet Services
May based on IETF based Ethernet PWE3 (RFC 4448)
37
Next-Gen RAN Transport Network
• Carrier Ethernet can be supported over different physical transports
• Carrier Ethernet supports backhaul of all mobile generations over a single pipe
• Carrier Ethernet enables high, scalable, and flexible bandwidth at lower cost
• Five-Nines availability, redundancy , and OA&M supported using Carrier Ethernet
• Carrier Ethernet positions the RAN for WCDMA, LTE, and WiMAX backhaul
BTS
BSC
EthEth
TDME1/T1
IP
ETH
eNodeB (3GPP R5/ LTE)
BS (WiMax)
Access Device
Gateway
G.823/824 Compliant
Clock
ATM RNC R99/4
IP RNCLTE AGW
ATM/IMANodeB
CarrierEthernet
38
Benefits of Carrier Ethernet
39
Carrier Ethernet Benefits
Scalability• Spans Ethernet, SONET/SDH, WDM, Cable, DSL, wireless
infrastructures, etc.• Scales for future bandwidth needs, geographic, applications
company expansion Predictability, Risk Reduction, Certification
• MEF 14 provides first performance certification in Communications Industry
• Allows a common world-wide service profile independent of local providers
Control • Simplified, “Enterprise Style” management puts users in
control• Dynamic, granular, bandwidth-on-demand avoids over-
specifying network
40
Carrier Ethernet Benefits cont…Performance
• Performance benefits of Layer 2 transport with simplified architecture• User-driven quality of service allows users to control converged network
performance vs. relative application value• Highest bandwidth speeds available • Low latency
Reliability• Key carrier Ethernet attribute• Redundant equipment architectures and fast re-routing algorithms
Data Center & Server Consolidation • Creates virtual transparent LAN environment reducing risk and cost
with highest bandwidth available• High bandwidth, low latency enables more cost effective use of
resourcesSimplicity
• Simplifying protocols creates “one-hop” network more suitable to time sensitive protocols
• Allows LAN style management for the WAN
41
Ubiquitous Availability
Ubiquity
Carrier Ethernet is now supported by more than 50 service providers and 100 equipment manufacturers
with 40% annual growth
42
More atwww.MetroEthernetForum.org/presentations.htm