Campus Sustainability Committee
October 2013
Agenda
• FY13 GHG update
• Transportation Update
• Materials Management
Update
• Next Steps
FY13 GHG Update
October 2013
FY13 GHG Inventory Update
• GHG Inventory
– Total Duke broken down into
•University = University/School of Med./School of
Nursing
•Health System contiguous to Durham campus
• CAP target – carbon neutral by 2024
– Only applies to University
– Did not include Health System in neutrality target
• Air Travel methodology change
Air Travel Methodology
• Calculating miles traveled
– Historic way - $ from Employee Travel and Reimbursement (ETR), avg. price per mile from
AA
– New way – destination data from ETR, put into
database with airport distances, 60% manually
scrubbed by intern
• ~60% less than $ calculation
• Still has assumptions ex. all travel starting from
RDU
• Still had some that needed more research
• Better estimate than original
FY13 Total Duke GHG Update
↓8.9%
2007 = 445,561
2008 = 448,754
2009 = 419,706
2010 = 406,109
Baseline
0.7%
↓5.8%
2011 = 399,748
2012 = 384,160
2013* = 343,987
↓10.3%
↓13.8%
↓23.3%
*2013 without methodology change = ↓15.4%
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
MTC
O2
e
University Health System Total
*Adjusted Air Travel in 2013
FY13 GHG Update - University
Baseline 0% ↓5% ↓9% ↓11% ↓16% ↓28%
338,828 338,883 322,355
308,310 301,758 285,580
243,026
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013*
MTC
O2
e
*Adjusted Air Travel in 2013
*2013 without methodology change = ↓18%
FY13 GHG Emissions - University
FY12 – GHG portfolio
Energy = 70%
Transportation = 29%
Other = 1% – Waste, Refrigerants and Fertilizers
Electricity 50%
Stationary Fuel 26%
Commuting 13%
Fleet 1% Air
Travel 9%
Other 1%
FY13 – GHG portfolio
Energy = 76%
Transportation = 24%
Other = 1% – Waste, Refrigerants and Fertilizers
Total = 285,580 MTCO2e Total = 243,026 MTCO2e
• Energy emissions ↓30%, CAP
estimate was ↓12%
– Steam – overall GHG
emissions ↓36%
• Completely off coal
• Efficiency
improvements,
reducing loss – usage
from baseline↓20%
– Usage up slightly from
2012 – colder year
FY13 GHG Update - Energy
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
20
07
20
09
20
11
20
13
*
20
15
20
17
20
19
20
21
20
23
20
25
20
27
20
29
20
31
20
33
20
35
20
37
20
39
20
41
20
43
20
45
20
47
20
49
MTC
DE
Overall Energy Emissions
BAU CAP Actual
• Electricity usage on campus
going down, ↓8% from 2007
baseline
• Energy intensity in existing
buildings ↓8% from baseline
• Duke Energy emissions were
↓23% in FY13 than CAP estimate
FY13 GHG Update - Energy
• LEED Plus- Currently developing a minimum building energy
efficiency requirement that Designers will be required to follow for
new construction and major renovation projects.
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Existing Buildings Total Energy mmBtu
• Commuting 15% from 2007
– Single Occupancy Vehicles
decreasing 77% → 72.5%
– More employees (6%) living further
away
– Bus commuting increasing with
GoPass
– New 5 Year TDM Plan
FY13 GHG Update -
Transportation
• Fleet ↓10% from 2007
– New buses more fuel efficient
– FMD, Duke Police better fuel economy and electric vehicles
• Air Travel
– New methodology, hard to look at trends yet
Drive Alone, 72.5%
Carpool, 10.5%
Vanpool, 0.0%
Motorcycle/Moped, 0.0% Bus,
8.0%
Bike, 4.0% Walk, 2.5% Telecommute,
2.5%
Compared to Climate Action Plan
projections – University FY13
University emissions going down since 2008, will start also tracking
from 2013 Adjusted baseline
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013*
MTC
O2
e
BAU
CAP
2013 Actuals28% below 2007 baseline
32% below Business as Usual
*Without change in air travel methodology: 18% below 2007 baseline 22% below Business as Usual
Projections Compared
to CAP - University FY13
355,542
276,570
243,026
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013* 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
MTC
O2
e
BAU CAP 2013 Actuals
*Adjusted Air Travel in 2013
GHG Update Summary
• On track but upcoming decreases are going to continue to be
more incremental and dependent on individuals
– Commuting
– Energy conservation
– Air Travel
• Air Travel
– Institutionalize way to track real numbers
• Future metrics –
– % reduction from baseline
– % reduction from 2013 adjusted
• Offsets –
– Review portfolio
– Next year, ten years away from 2024
Electricity 50%
Stationary Fuel 26%
Commuting 13%
Fleet 1% Air
Travel 9%
Other 1%
CSC Next Steps FY14
• Climate Action Plan (CAP)
– Continue implementation and evaluation
• Sustainability Strategic Plan (SSP)
– 2013 SSP Progress report – Nov 2013
– Update Transportation targets
– Update on Materials Management pilots and
finalize targets
– Focus on Food
A 5-Year Outlook for Sustainable Transportation
at Duke University
Alison Carpenter, AICP Transportation Demand Manager
Approximately 1 parking space for every 2 people
Parking prices range from $99 - $1,401 per year
Duke is regional transportation demand management (TDM) “hot spot”
University TDM program includes: Free GoPass to use local/regional buses Duke Transit for campus-area transportation Carpool, Vanpool, & Bicycle Commuter Benefits
Discounted carpool permits and preferred parking Free vanpool parking and pre-tax payroll deduction option Access to campus showers 2 free daily parking permits per month
Occasional parking permits ($4/day) Ridematching services for Duke students & employees
Overview
Bicycle Benefits
Basic Bike Commuter Courses
Apartment Finder Map (transit-oriented housing)
Van Services
Emergency Ride Home
2,300 + Bike Parking Spaces
Campus Car-share Program
GoTriangle Trip Planner
Real-time Transit Tracking Tool
Support Programs
User Benefit Duke Benefit
Lower/No Parking Cost Reduced Carbon Footprint
Gas Savings Employee Benefits
Less Vehicle Wear & Tear Parking Construction Savings
Stress-free Commute Lower Parking Operation Costs
Personal Health/Well-being Improved Parking Management
Time Management Student Support Services
Community Connection Employee Health
Personal Environmental Stewardship, Feel Good
Model Campus for Sustainability, Peer Leader
Benefits of TDM
Leverage parking pricing
Ensure convenience
Provide infrastructure
Build in safety and security
Offer support programs and services
Lower risk involved in change
Promote healthy lifestyle
Encourage top-down and bottom-up participation
Money talks
Selling TDM
Stick
Carrots
By the Numbers
Mode GHG
Effects
2004
Overall
2009
Overall
2011
Overall
2012
Overall
2013
Overall
Drive Alone Most
Impacting 85% 73% 73% 77% 75%
Carpool 8% 8% 7% 9% 8%
Vanpool 0% 0% 1% 0% 1%
Motorcycle 0% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Transit 3% 4% 3% 6% 7%
Bicycle 2% 3% 1% 2% 3%
Pedestrian 2% 1% 1% 2% 2%
Telecommute Least
Impacting 1% 1% 1% 2% 4%
Other 0% 9% 13% 2% 0%
Drive Alone rates have been decreasing over time
TDM participants seem to appreciate cost savings, quality of life benefits, and time/convenience factors
Mode Rate Employees
Drive Alone 75% 26,250
Walk 2% 700
Bike 3% 1,050
Bus 7% 2,450
Carpool 8% 2,800
Vanpool 0% 38
Telecommute 4% 1,400
By the Numbers
Duke University owns more than 8,000 acres of land, while the main campuses sit on approximately 1,000 acres. This geographic area services nearly 15,000 undergraduate and graduate students, as well as 35,000 employees, of the University and Health System.
By the Numbers
Duke’s 2007 Greenhouse Gas Inventory revealed that 11% of campus emissions were attributed to university commuters, with 29% of total emissions attributed to the transportation sector. Recent greenhouse gas inventories have indicated that Duke’s transportation emissions remain high compared to CAP goals.
2007 GHG Inventory Results
Mode Rate
of
Use
Proposed
5-YR Change
in Use Per
Mode Over
2013
Total
Employees &
Students
Annual
Carbon
Savings
(in tons)
Annual
Reduction in
Vehicle Miles
Travelled
Drive Alone 70% -5% 35,000 0 0
Walk 3% +1% 1,500 229 562,500
Bike 4% +1% 2,000 1,018 2,500,000
Bus 9% +2% 4,500 6,872 16,875,000
Carpool 9% +1% 4,500 9,621 23,625,000
Vanpool 1% N/A 500 1,069 2,625,000
Telecommute 4% N/A 2,000 855 2,100,000
TOTAL 19,665 48,287,500
5-Year TDM Goals
Duke’s 5-Year TDM Plan sets a goal to reduce SOV travel by 5% by 2018
Continue with current TDM efforts
Plan for and provide more bicycle and pedestrian amenities
Extend commuter benefits to transit users and walk commuters
Implement Park & Ride options with regional and local transit partners
Enhance telework options
Increase incentives to individual commuters (e.g. Commuter Club rewards)
Improve Occasional Parking Options
Getting There: 2013-2018 Recommendations
Offer Small Steps
Stay at the Table
Make the Progress Count (not all or nothing)
Tell the Story
Celebrate Small Victories
Build from Where We Are Now
Keeping the Momentum
Mode Rate
of
Use
Proposed
5-YR Change
in Use Per
Mode Over
2013
Total
Employees &
Students
Annual
Carbon
Savings
(in tons)
Annual
Reduction in
Vehicle Miles
Travelled
Drive Alone 70% -5% 35,000 0 0
Walk 3% +1% 1,500 238 585,000
Bike 4% +1% 2,000 1,059 2,600,000
Bus 9% +2% 4,500 7,147 17,550,000
Carpool 9% +1% 4,500 10,006 24,570,000
Vanpool 1% N/A 500 1,112 2,730,000
Telecommute 4% N/A 2,000 889 2,184,000
TOTAL 20,451 50,219,000
5-Year TDM Goals
Duke’s 5-Year TDM Plan sets a goal to reduce SOV travel by 5% by 2018
Campus Sustainability Committee
Materials Management Subcommittee
October 25, 2013
Outline
• MMS Goals
• Reporting
• Pilot Projects
• Next steps
• Consolidate reporting
– Develop a centralized system for reporting all recycling and diversion
efforts
• Formalize reporting methods, boundaries and targets
– Determine methodology for reporting
– Determine inclusion areas
– Conduct waste audits
– Develop targets for Duke’s overall recycling and waste reduction efforts
• Develop recycling standards for Duke
– Accepted materials and method for collection (single stream vs. dual-
stream and post-consumer compost)
– Bin standards
– Ensure outside contractors follow same standards
• Standardize outdoor Waste Management
– Identify the key barriers and address best policy for moving forward.
Campus Sustainability Committee and DSRS Goals
• Metrics for reporting/Include hospital recycling data
– Report recycling and diversion rates
– Determine diversion rates
– Report per capita rates
– Internally track University/SoM and Health System separately
Reporting
Materials in
Recycling Rate
• Office Paper
• Newspaper
• Magazines
• Glass
• Plastic
• Aluminum
• Shredded Paper
• Steel/Tin Cans
• Scrap Metal
• Electronics
• Hard Cover
Books
• Pallets
Materials in Diversion Rate
• All Recycling Rate materials
• Non-household Batteries
• Food waste for compost
• Student Move-Out
• Other items we measure by weight
• (cooking oil, motor oil, etc.)
Total Recycling Total
Sanitation Recycling Rate
FY 12 3,984.0 9,998.5 28.5%
FY 13 3,948.1 9,301.8 29.8%
Yearly Recycling lbs/person
Daily Recycling lbs/person
Yearly Landfilled lbs/person
Daily Landfilled lbs/person
Total Population
FY 12 181.9 0.5 456.6 1.3 43796 FY 13 176.9 0.5 416.8 1.1 44638
• Mostly compostables and plastics
• Trash - Granola bar wrappers, candy wrappers, snack wrappers (e.g. fruit snacks), styrofoam, wrap-
plastics, chip bags, condiment packets (e.g. ketchup/mustard squeeze packs), non-paper tea packets, plastic gloves, padded manila envelopes, plastic shopping bags.
Plastics 22%
Glass 4%
Alum/Steel/Tin 1%
Office paper 2%
Mixed paper 11%
Cardboard 3%
Compost 43%
Other plastics 2%
Trash 12%
Total Waste: All Schools
Waste Audits: All Participants
• Post-Consumer Composting – Facilities Management, Sanford, Wilson and Brodie Gyms
• Mixed Recycling – Facilities Management, Sanford, Wilson and Brodie Gyms
• Custom DSRS Bins – Facilities Management, Sanford, Wilson and Brodie Gyms
• Office Waste Reduction Program – Facilities Management and Sanford
• Lab Plastics Recycling – French Science and Biology
• Film Plastics Recycling – French Science and Biology
Pilot Projects Launched 2013
Composting and Mixed Recycling Bin/Mini-Bin Program
Mini-Bin Brochure
Totals (lbs)
East* 355,770
West* 260,040
Devil's Den 10,200
Freeman Center 5,600
The Refectory* 13,060
Devil's Bistro 5,070
Sanford Deli 2,350
Law* 21,210
McDonalds 18,375
Pitchfork Provisions 37,710
Grace's 12,264
Quenchers 24,830
Twinnies 6,910
Blue Express 8,730
Nasher Café 9,430
Greenhouse 20,730
Fuqua Business 29,050
Grand Total (lbs) 841,329
Grand Total (tons) 420.66
Established Dining Composting
Plastics 15%
Film plastics 1% Other plastics
0%
Glass 8%
Alum/Steel/Tin 1%
Office paper 2%
Mixed paper 12%
Cardboard 0%
Compost 47%
Trash 14%
Pre-Transition Waste Audits from Pilot Bldgs
Plastics 25%
Film plastics 1%
Other plastics 0%
Glass 29%
Alum/Steel/Tin 3%
Office paper 16%
Mixed paper 25%
Cardboard 0%
Compost 1%
Trash 0%
Pre-Transition Recycling Audits from Pilot Bldgs
Contamination in Recycling Bins
Contamination in Compost Bins
Contamination in Trash Bins
Pre-Transition 0.6% N/A 86.3%
2 Weeks After Transition 3.7% 20.0% 72.1%
4 Weeks After Transition** 15.3% 8.9% 85.0%
7 Weeks After Transition** 11.4% 17.3% 61.0%
9 Weeks After Transition 3.4% 5.8% 75.1%
Contamination Rates During Summer Evaluation
**Organic contamination in one recycling unit was elevated because of seminars in the conference room, adjacent to new double recycling bin, compost bin located on the other side of the floor. A new compost bin was ordered for this location.
• Mini-bin doesn’t fit opening
• Want a mini-bin for compost
• Trash opening too small
• Don’t like touching trash
• Pizza Boxes
• Mostly participants like the program but want it to be more
convenient
• Recycling volume increase requiring 2xweek collection
• Why professors have to take out trash & recycling; use of time
Participant Feedback
Next Steps
• Reporting –Determine diversion rates for University/SoM and Health System
–Contractor reporting
–Develop University/SoM and Health System waste reduction targets –Goals to motivate Duke community
–Continue waste audits –Pilot bldgs, Athletics and Residence Halls
• Recycling Standards and Outdoor Waste Management –Develop waste management plan based on:
– GSF with partial or contracted service
– Results from pilot projects
–Establish Outdoor recycling plan
–Determine recommendations based on Pilots –Single Stream Recycling
–Post-consumer Composting •Increase education
•Update bins based on participant feedback
•Survey pilot participants
–Campus wide standards
Thank you Questions?
CSC Immediate Next Steps
• Subcommittee selections
• Sustainability Strategic Plan 2013 Progress
Report – Nov. 2013
• Next meeting - Dec. 9th, 9-10:30am
– More in-depth information about
existing sustainable food efforts
– Initial findings from peer institutions
and campus stakeholder interviews