CALCIUM AND THE KIDNEY
VISITH DANTANARAYANA
GROUP 201
CALCIUM
• GREY ALKALINE EARTH METAL
• 5TH MOST ABUNDANT METAL ON THE EARTH’S CRUST.
CALCIUM
FOOD
CALCIUM IN THE BODY
THE MOST ABUNDANT MINERAL
IN THE BODY.ABOUT 99% OF IT IS IN BONE AND TEETH.
THE REMAINING 1% IS IN THE BLOOD AND
SOFT TISSUES.
NECESSARY DIETARY INTAKE OF CALCIUM
AMOUNTS OF CALCIUM IN THE URINE
NORMAL ADULT: 100 – 250mg
OVER A PERIOD OF 24hrs.
ON A LOW Ca DIET: 50 –
150mg/24hrs.
Ca FREE DIET: 5 – 40mg/24hrs.
HYPERCALCIURIA
LARGE QUANTITIES OF Ca ISEXCRETED VIA URINE.
MIGHT RESULT IN
NEPHROCALCINOSIS
CAUSES
GENETIC (IDIOPATHIC)
VITAMIN D OR CALCIUM EXCESS
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
NEPHROCALCINOSIS
KNOWN AFTER Dr. FULLER ALBRIGHT,THE ENDOCRINOLOGIST
WHAT IS IT?
DEPOSITIION OF CALCIUM SALTS IN THE
RENAL PARENCHYMA WHICH IS THE NEPHRON.
COULD CAUSE SEVERERENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS
STAGES
CHEMICAL NEPHROCALCINOSIS
MICROSCOPIC NEPHROCALCINOSIS
MACROSCOPIC NEPHROCALCINOSIS
SONOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF NEPHROCALCINOSIS
KIDNEY STONES(NEPHROLITHIASIS)
MECHANISM
DUE TO RENAL FAILURE, BLOOD
PHOSPHATE LEVELS RISE.
THESE PHOSPHATES BIND WITH BLOOD Ca
THUS, PRECIPITATING.
COMPLICATIONS
HOW?
BLOOD CALCIUM PRECIPITATES WITH
ANIONS FORMING STONES.
THE PARATHYROID GLAND SEES THIS
AS LOW BLOOD CALCIUM AND VOILA
PTH IS SECRETED.
IT INITIATES BONE LYSIS.
HARDNESS OF WATER
THANK YOU