1
LI NI U
B iu khin lp trnh (PLC-Programmable Logical Controller) ra i l s
pht trin tt yu ca qu trnh t ng ha. Trong thi gian gn y, b iu khin lp
trnh c s dng ngy cng rng ri trong nn cng nghip nc ta nh l mt gii
php l tng p ng cho vic t ng ha qu trnh sn xut. Nh s pht trin
khng ngng ca k thut cng ngh m ngy nay con ngi sn xut thnh cng
nhng b iu khin lp trnh ngy cng nh, gn, gi thnh ngy cng r hn. S pht
trin ca cng ngh thng tin cho php to ra b lp trnh thay i chng trnh d
dng, ph hp vi qu trnh sn xut, cho php kt ni truyn thng, kt ni mng
nhiu cp , nhm p ng yu cu iu khin v gim st.
Trn c s nghin cu, kho st cc ti liu k thut ca b lp trnh CP1E ca
hng OMRON, iu khin logic kh trnh ra i p ng phn no nhu cu tham
kho ca cn b ging dy v sinh vin chuyn ngnh. Gio trnh cn l ti liu k
thut nhm gip nhng ai am m v iu khin c th t nghin cu, vn dng, vn
hnh, la chn, lp t v lp trnh PLC.
Gio trnh bao gm 5 chng:
- Chng 1. Gii thiu chung v PLC
- Chng 2. Tp lnh c bn
- Chng 3. Nhm lnh iu khin lu trnh
- Chng 4. Nhm lnh s hc v logic
- Chng 5. Nhm lnh dch chuyn v so snh
2
y l ln u gio trnh xut bn nn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt
mong nhn c s kin phn hi t bn c gio trnh ny hon chnh trong ln
xut bn tip theo. Mi kin ng gp vui long gi v Khoa Cng ngh K thut
in-in t Trng i hc Cng nghip Thc phm Thnh ph H Ch Minh,
email: [email protected].
Tc gi
mailto:[email protected]
3
MC LC
Li ni u ...................................................................................................................... 1
Mc lc ........................................................................................................................... 3
Bng cc k hiu v ch vit tt ..................................................................................... 6
CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUT V PLC ..................................................... 7
1.1. Gii thiu chung v h thng iu khin ................................................................. 7
1.2. Gii thiu chung v PLC ......................................................................................... 7
1.2.1. Vai tr ca PLC ............................................................................................. 8
1.2.2. So snh PLC vi cc thit b iu khin thng thng khc......................... 8
1.2.3. Cc thit b nhp v xut dng trong PLC .................................................... 9
1.2.4. Cc bc thit k mt h thng iu khin dng PLC ................................ 10
1.2.5. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC ....................................................................... 11
1.2.6. Mt s PLC thng dng............................................................................... 12
1.3. PLC CP1E............................................................................................................. 14
1.3.1. Gii thiu chung ......................................................................................... 14
1.3.2. Cc thnh phn ca CPU ............................................................................. 10
1.3.3. Cc kiu lin kt truyn thng ca PLC ...................................................... 18
1.3.4. Cu trc vng nh trong PLC...................................................................... 20
CU HI V BI TP CHNG 1 ......................................................................... 23
CHNG 2: TP LNH C BN............................................................................ 25
2.1. Gii thiu chung v chng trnh PLC ................................................................. 25
2.1.1. Khi qut chng trnh ................................................................................ 25
2.1.2. Cc dng chng trnh................................................................................. 25
2.2. Lnh DIFU, DIFD ................................................................................................. 26
2.2.1. Lnh DIFU ................................................................................................... 26
2.2.2. Lnh DIFD ................................................................................................... 27
2.3. Lnh SET v RSET ............................................................................................... 27
2.3.1. Lnh SET ..................................................................................................... 27
2.3.2. Lnh RSET .................................................................................................. 28
2.4. Lnh KEEP(11) ..................................................................................................... 28
2.5. Lnh timer.............................................................................................................. 29
2.5.1. Lnh TIM ..................................................................................................... 29
2.5.2. Lnh TIMH .................................................................................................. 30
4
2.6. Lnh counter .......................................................................................................... 31
2.7. Cc chng trnh ng dng ................................................................................... 32
2.7.1. Chng trnh iu khin ng c ................................................................ 32
2.7.2. Chng trnh push on push off .................................................................... 32
2.7.3. Chng trnh iu khin ca t ng ......................................................... 34
2.7.4. Chng trnh iu khin ng c hot ng 5 giy t dng ...................... 35
2.7.5. Chng trnh iu khin n giao thng cho mt ng t ............................ 36
2.7.6. Chng trnh iu khin ng c 1 hot ng, sau 5 giy ng c 1 dng v
ng c 2 hot ng .............................................................................................. 41
2.7.7. Chng trnh iu khin n A sng 5 giy, tt 5 giy lin tc .................. 42
2.7.8. Chng trnh iu khin ng ra ON/OFF .................................................. 43
2.7.9. Chng trnh cho m hnh m sn phm .................................................. 45
CU HI V BI TP CHNG 2 ......................................................................... 47
CHNG 3: NHM LNH IU KHIN LU TRNH ......................................... 51
3.1. Nhm lnh r nhnh .............................................................................................. 51
3.1.1. Lnh IL(02) v ILC(03) .............................................................................. 51
3.1.2. Lnh JMP(04) v JME(05) .......................................................................... 52
3.2. Nhm lnh chng trnh con ................................................................................. 54
3.2.1. Lnh gi chng trnh con SBS(91) ........................................................... 54
3.2.2. Lnh nhn chng trnh con SBN(92) ........................................................ 55
3.2.3. Lnh kt thc chng trnh con RET(93) ................................................... 56
3.3. Cc chng trnh ng dng ................................................................................... 57
3.3.1. Chng trnh cho m hnh iu khin my trn ha cht ........................... 57
3.3.2. Chng trnh iu khin khi ng ng c khng ng b 3 pha thng qua
3 cp in tr ......................................................................................................... 60
BI TP CHNG 3 ................................................................................................. 63
CHNG 4: NHM LNH S HC V LOGIC ................................................... 67
4.1. Nhm lnh s hc .................................................................................................. 67
4.1.1. Nhm lnh tnh ton d liu dng BCD ...................................................... 67
4.1.2. Nhm lnh tnh ton d liu dng nh phn ................................................ 71
4.2. Nhm lnh logic .................................................................................................... 73
4.2.1. COM(29) ..................................................................................................... 73
4.2.2. ANDW(34) .................................................................................................. 74
4.2.3. ORW(35) ..................................................................................................... 74
4.2.4. XORW(36) .................................................................................................. 75
5
4.3. Cc chng trnh ng dng ................................................................................... 76
4.3.1. Chng trnh qun l s lng xe trong bi xe ........................................... 76
4.3.2. Chng trnh ghi nhn s chu k hot ng ca h thng vo D0 ............. 77
BI TP CHNG 4 ................................................................................................. 78
CHNG 5: NHM LNH DCH CHUYN V SO SNH .................................. 79
5.1. Nhm lnh dch chuyn ......................................................................................... 79
5.1.1. MOV(21) ..................................................................................................... 79
5.1.2. MVN(22) ..................................................................................................... 80
5.1.3. MOVD(83) .................................................................................................. 81
5.1.4. MOVB(82)................................................................................................... 81
5.1.5. BSET(71) ..................................................................................................... 82
5.1.6. XFER(70) .................................................................................................... 83
5.1.7. SFT(10) ........................................................................................................ 84
5.1.8. WSFT(16) .................................................................................................... 84
5.1.9. ASL(25) ....................................................................................................... 85
5.1.10. ROL(27)..................................................................................................... 86
5.1.11. ROR(28) .................................................................................................... 86
5.2. Nhm lnh so snh ................................................................................................ 87
5.2.1. Lnh CMP(20) ............................................................................................. 87
5.2.2. TCMP(85) .................................................................................................... 87
5.3. Cc chng trnh ng dng ................................................................................... 89
5.3.1. Chng trnh iu khin 8 ng c hot ng lun phin qua phi............ 89
5.3.2. Chng trnh iu khin 8 ng c hot ng tun t qua tri ................... 91
5.3.3. Chng trnh iu khin cho bi gi xe t ng ......................................... 93
5.3.4. iu khin h thng theo thi gian thc ..................................................... 95
BI TP CHNG 5 ................................................................................................. 96
PH LC ..................................................................................................................... 99
DANH MC CC HNH V ..................................................................................... 113
DANH SCH CC BNG ....................................................................................... 115
TI LIU THAM KHO.......................................................................................... 115
6
BNG CC K HIU V CH VIT TT
Ch vit tt Ting anh ngha
PLC Programmable Logic Controller iu khin logic kh trnh
CPU Central Processing Unit B x l trung tm
I/O Input/Output Vo/Ra
ROM Read Only Memory B nh ch c
RAM Random Access Memory B nh ghi c
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read
Only Memory
B nh ch c chng trnh v
xa c bng tia t ngoi
EEPROM Electric Erasable Programmable
Read Only Memory
B nh ch c chng trnh v
xo c bng in
HMI Human-Machine-Interface Giao din ngi-my
SV Set Value Gi tr t
STL Statement List Lit k lnh
LAD Ladder Dng hnh thang
7
CHNG 1
GII THIU TNG QUT V PLC
1.1. Gii thiu chung v h thng iu khin
H thng iu khin l tp hp nhng cng c, thit b in, in t, nhm m
bo tnh n nh, s chnh xc, s chuyn i nhp nhng ca mt quy trnh hoc mt
hot ng sn xut. H thng iu khin thc hin bt c yu cu no ca i tng,
t cung cp nng lng n mt thit b cho n iu khin cc c cu chp hnh.
Cng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca cng ngh th vic iu khin nhng h thng
phc tp s c thc hin bi mt h thng iu khin t ng ha hon ton, l
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), cc h thng iu khin s c s dng kt
hp vi my tnh ch. Ngoi ra, h thng iu khin cng c giao din kt ni vi
cc thit b khc nh l: bng iu khin, ng c, contactor, cun dy... Kh nng
chuyn giao mng ca PLC c th cho php phi hp x l, iu khin nhng h
thng ln, phc tp, linh hot cao trong vic phn loi cc h thng iu khin. Mi
mt b phn trong h thng iu khin ng mt vai tr rt quan trng. T hnh 1.1 ta
thy: PLC s khng nhn bit c iu g nu chng khng c kt ni vi cc thit
b cm bin. H thng cng khng cho php bt k cc my mc no hot ng nu
ng ra ca PLC khng c kt ni vi ng c. Chnh v th, vng my ch phi l
ni lin kt cc hot ng ca mt vng sn xut ring bit.
PLC
Cm bin
Cm bin 3
Cm bin 2
Cm bin 1
Hnh 1.1. Mt h thng iu khin in hnh dng PLC
1.2. Gii thiu chung v PLC
PLC l b iu khin logic theo chng trnh bao gm: b x l trung tm gi l
CPU (Central Processing Unit), b nh cha chng trnh ng dng v cc module
giao din nhp xut. PLC c ni trc tip n cc thit b ng I/O. V th, khi c tn
hiu nhp, CPU s x l tn hiu v gi tn hiu n thit b xut.
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B nh
B x l
trung
tm
Vng
m ng
ra
Vng
m ng
vo
Thit b ng raThit b ng
vo
Ngun cung
cp
Hnh 1.2. S khi ca PLC
1.2.1. Vai tr ca PLC
Trong mt h thng iu khin t ng, PLC c xem nh l tri tim ca h
thng iu khin. Vi mt chng trnh ng dng ( c lu tr bn trong b nh
ca PLC) th PLC lin tc kim tra trng thi ca h thng, bao gm: kim tra tn hiu
phn hi t cc thit b nhp, da vo chng trnh logic x l tn hiu v mang cc
tn hiu iu khin ra thit b xut.
PLC c dng iu khin nhng h thng t n gin n phc tp, hoc ta
c th kt hp chng vi nhau thnh mt mng truyn thng c th iu khin mt qu
trnh phc hp.
1.2.2. So snh PLC vi cc thit b iu khin thng thng khc
Hin nay, cc h thng iu khin bng PLC ang dn thay th cho cc h thng
iu khin bng relay, contactor thng thng. u, khuyt im ca hai h thng trn
c th hin c th nh sau:
- H thng iu khin thng thng:
Th kch do c qu nhiu dy dn v relay trn bng iu khin.
Tn kh nhiu thi gian cho vic thit k, lp t.
Tc hot ng chm.
Cng sut tiu th ln.
Mi ln mun thay i chng trnh th phi lp t li ton b, tn nhiu thi gian.
Kh bo qun v sa cha.
- H thng iu khin bng PLC:
Nhng dy kt ni trong h thng gim c 80% nn nh gn hn.
Cng sut tiu th t hn.
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S thay i cc ng vo/ra v iu khin h thng tr nn d dng hn nh phn mm iu khin bng my tnh hay trn bn phm lp trnh bng tay
(Console).
Tc hot ng ca h thng nhanh hn.
Bo tr v sa cha d dng, bn v tin cy vn hnh cao.
Gi thnh ca h thng gim khi s tip im tng.
C thit b chng nhiu.
Ngn ng lp trnh d hiu, d lp trnh v c th lp trnh trn my tnh, thch hp cho vic thc hin cc lnh tun t ca n.
Cc module ri cho php thay th hoc thm vo khi cn thit.
Do nhng l do trn nn PLC th hin r u im ca n so vi cc thit b iu
khin thng thng khc. PLC cn c kh nng thm vo hay thay i cc lnh ty
theo yu cu ca cng ngh. Khi , ta ch cn thay i chng trnh ca n, iu ny
ni ln tnh nng iu khin kh linh ng ca PLC.
1.2.3. Cc thit b nhp v xut dng trong PLC
1.2.3.1. Cc thit b nhp
S thng minh ca mt h thng t ng ph thuc vo kh nng c cc tn
hiu t cc cm bin t ng ca PLC.
Hnh thc giao din c bn gia PLC v cc thit b nhp l: nt n, cu dao,
phm, Ngoi ra, PLC cn nhn c tn hiu t cc thit b nhn dng t ng nh:
cng tc trng thi, cng tc gii hn, cm bin quang in, cm bin tc , Cc
loi tn hiu nhp n PLC phi l trng thi logic ON/OFF hoc tn hiu Analog.
Nhng tn hiu ng vo ny c giao tip vi PLC qua cc module nhp.
Cm bin tim cn
Encoder
Counter
Loadcell
Cm bin quang
Cng tc hnh trnh
Hnh 1.3. Cc thit b kt ni vi ng vo PLC
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1.2.3.2. Thit b xut
Trong mt h thng t ng, thit b xut cng l mt yu t rt quan trng. Nu
ng ra ca PLC khng c kt ni vi thit b xut th hu nh h thng s b t lit
hon ton. Cc thit b xut thng thng l: ng c, cun dy nam chm, relay,
chung bo, Thng qua hot ng ca ng c, cc cun dy, PLC c th iu
khin mt h thng t n gin n phc tp. Cc loi thit b xut l mt phn kt cu
ca h thng t ng ha v v th n nh hng trc tip vo hiu sut ca h thng.
Tuy nhin, cc thit b xut khc nh n pilot, ci v cc bo ng ch cho bit
cc mc ch nh: bo cho chng ta bit giao din tn hiu ng vo, cc thit b ng ra
c giao tip vi PLC qua module ng ra PLC.
n
ng c in
Contactor
Hnh 1.4. Cc thit b kt ni vi ng ra PLC
1.2.4. Cc bc thit k mt h thng iu khin dng PLC
thit k 1 chng trnh iu khin cho mt h thng dng PLC ta thc hin
cc bc sau y:
- Xc nh qui trnh cng ngh
Trc tin, ta phi xc nh thit b hay h thng no mun iu khin. Mc ch
cui cng ca b iu khin l iu khin mt h thng hot ng vi yu cu cng
ngh c xc nh.
S vn hnh ca h thng c kim tra bi cc thit b u vo. H thng s
nhn tn hiu v gi tn hiu n CPU, CPU x l tn hiu v gi n n thit b xut
iu khin s hot ng ca h thng nh lp trnh sn trong chng trnh.
- Xc nh ng vo, ng ra
Tt c cc thit b xut, nhp bn ngoi u c kt ni vi b iu khin lp
trnh. Thit b nhp l nhng contact, cm bin...Thit b xut l nhng cun dy, vale
in t, ng c, b hin th.
Sau khi xc nh tt c cc thit b xut nhp cn thit, ta nh v cc thit b vo
ra tng ng cho tng ng vo, ra trn PLC trc khi vit chng trnh.
- Vit chng trnh
Khi vit chng trnh theo s hnh bc thang (ladder) phi theo s hot ng
tun t tng bc ca h thng
- Np chng trnh vo b nh
By gi chng ta c th cung cp ngun cho b iu khin c lp trnh thng qua
cng I/O. Sau np chng trnh vo b nh thng qua b Console lp trnh hay my
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tnh c cha phn mm lp trnh hnh thang. Sau khi np xong, kim tra li bng hm
chun on. Nu c hy m phng ton b hot ng ca h thng chc chn
rng chng trnh hot ng tt.
- Chy chng trnh
Trc khi nhn nt start, phi chc chn rng cc dy dn ni cc ng vo, ra n
cc thit b nhp, xut c ni ng theo ch nh. Lc PLC mi bt u hot
ng thc s. Trong khi chy chng trnh, nu b li th my tnh hoc b Console s
bo li, ta phi sa li cho n khi chng trnh hot ng an ton.
Sau y l lu phng php thit k b iu khin:
Xc nh yu cu ca
h thng iu khin
V lu chung ca
h thng iu khin
Lit k tt c cc ng ra, ng vo ni
tng i n cc cng I/O ca PLC
Chuyn lu sang
s hnh thang
Chng
trnh OK
OK
Not OK
Chy th
chng trnh
END
Chng
trnh OK Not OK
OK
Kt ni ton b ng
vo/ra n PLC
Kim tra tt c cc
tip im vo/ra
Np chng
trnh cho PLC
M phng chng trnh
v sa li phn mmHiu chnh chng
trnh cho ph hp
Hiu chnh
li phn mm
Lp h s, bn v
h thng
Hnh 1.5. Lu xy dng chng trnh PLC
1.2.5. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC
Cu trc phn cng ca tt c cc PLC u c cc b phn sau: b x l, b nh,
b nhp, xut.
1.2.5.1. n v x l trung tm (CPU)
CPU l b vi x l, lin kt vi cc hot ng ca h thng PLC, thc hin
chng trnh, x l tn hiu nhp xut v thng tin lin lc vi cc thit b bn ngoi.
CPU iu khin cc hot ng bn trong PLC. B x l s c v kim tra chng
trnh c cha trong b nh, sau s thc hin th t tng lnh trong chng trnh,
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU
12
s ng hay ngt cc u ra. Cc trng thi ng ra y c pht ti cc thit b lin kt
thc thi. V ton b cc hot ng thc thi u ph thuc vo chng trnh iu
khin c gi trong b nh.
1.2.5.2. B nh (Memory)
C nhiu loi b nh khc nhau, y l ni lu gi trng thi hot ng ca h
thng. m bo cho PLC hot ng, phi cn c b nh lu tr chng trnh,
i khi cn m rng b nh thc hin cc chc nng khc nh:
- Vng m tm thi lu tr trng thi ca cc knh xut/nhp c gi l RAM
xut/nhp
- Lu tr tm thi cc trng thi ca cc chc nng bn trong: timer, counter,
cun dy
B nh gm c nhng loi sau:
- B nh ch c (ROM: Read Only Memory): ROM khng phi l mt b nh
kh bin, n c th lp trnh ch mt ln. Do khng thch hp cho vic iu khin
mm ca PLC. ROM t ph bin so vi cc loi b nh khc.
- B nh ghi c (RAM: Random Access Memory): RAM l mt b nh thng
c dng lu tr d liu v chng trnh ca ngi s dng. D liu trong RAM
s b mt i nu ngun in b mt. Tuy nhin vn ny c gii quyt bng cch
gn thm vo RAM mt ngun in d phng. Ngy nay, trong k thut pht trin
PLC, ngi ta dng CMOSRAM nh s tiu tn nng lng kh thp ca n v cung
cp pin d phng cho cc RAM ny khi mt ngun. Pin d phng c tui th t nht
mt nm trc khi cn thay th, hoc ta chn pin sc gn vi h thng, pin s c sc
khi cp ngun cho PLC.
- B nh ch c chng trnh v xa c bng tia t ngoi (EPROM: Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory): EPROM lu tr d liu ging nh ROM, tuy
nhin ni dung ca n c th b xo i nu ta phng tia t ngoi vo, ngi vit phi
vit li chng trnh trong b nh.
- B nh ch c chng trnh v xo c bng in (EEPROM: Electric
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory): EPROM kt hp kh nng truy linh
ng ca RAM v tnh kh bin ca EPROM, ni dung trn EEPROM c th b xo v
lp trnh bng in, tuy nhin ch gii hn trong mt s ln nht nh.
1.2.6. Mt s PLC thng dng
1.2.6.1. S7-200 ca Siemens
S7-200 l thit b iu khin logic kh trnh loi nh ca hng Siemens (c) c
cu trc theo kiu module v c cc module m rng. Cc module ny c s dng
cho nhiu ng dng lp trnh khc nhau. Thnh phn c bn ca S7-200 l khi vi x
l CPU-214, 212, 224
- CPU-214 bao gm 14 ng vo v 10 ng ra, c kh nng thm 7 module m rng.
- 2.048 t n (4 kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi non-volatile lu chng trnh (vng nh c giao din vi EEPROM).
13
- 2.048 t n (4 kByte) thuc kiu c ghi lu d liu, trong 512 t u thuc min non-volatile.
- Tng s ng vo/ra cc i l 64 ng vo v 64 ng ra.
- 128 timer chia lm 3 loi theo phn gii khc nhau: 4 timer 1ms, 16 timer 10ms v 108 timer 100ms.
- 128 b m chia lm 2 loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li.
- 688 bit nh c bit dng thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic.
- Cc ch x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung.
- 3 b m tc cao vi nhp 2kHz v 7kHz.
- 2 b pht xung nhanh cho dy xung kiu PTO hoc kiu PWM.
- 2 b iu chnh tng t.
- Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 190 gi k t khi PLC b mt ngun cung cp.
1.2.6.2. FX** ca Mitsubishi
Thuc dng Micro Compact PLC, FX PLC ca Mitsubishi p ng c cc
bi ton iu khin t n gin n phc tp.
C kh nng m rng vo/ra v kh nng m rng bng cc module chuyn dng
nh: module iu khin v tr, module to xung ln ti 1MHz, module iu khin nhit
, module vo ra tng t v cc module kt ni mng gip PLC dng FX c th gii
quyt tng th v trn vn cc bi ton iu khin trong cng nghip.
Kh nng iu khin thit b d dng v linh hot da trn vic lp trnh trn cc
lnh logic c bn; kh nng nh thi, m; gii quyt cc vn ton hc v cng
ngh; kh nng to lp, gi i, tip nhn nhng tn hiu nhm mc ch kim sot s
kch hot hoc nh ch nhng chc nng ca my hoc mt dy chuyn cng ngh.
Hnh 1.6. PLC FX1N ca hng Mitsubishi
Nh vy, nhng c im lm cho PLC c tnh nng u vit v thch hp trong
mi trng cng nghip l:
- Kh nng khng nhiu rt tt.
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- Cu trc dng module rt thun tin cho vic thit k, m rng, ci to nng cp...
- C nhng module chuyn dng thc hin nhng chc nng c bit hay nhng module truyn thng kt ni PLC vi mng cng nghip hoc mng
Internet...
- Kh nng lp trnh c, lp trnh d dng cng l c im quan trng xp hng mt h thng iu khin t ng.
- Yu cu ca ngi lp trnh khng cn gii v kin thc in t m ch cn nm vng cng ngh sn xut v bit chn thit b thch hp l c th lp trnh c.
- Thuc vo h sn xut linh hot do tnh thay i c chng trnh hoc thay i trc tip cc thng s m khng cn thay i li chng trnh
Pht trin t dng sn phm thp n cao, FX PLC cho php ngi s dng chn
la thch hp s lng I/O cho bi ton iu khin ca mnh.
Bng 1.1. Mt s dng sn phm PLC ca Mitsubishi
Loi FX1S FX1N FX2N FX3U
Ngun
cung cp
100-240 VAC/24
VDC
100-240 VAC/
12-24 VDC
100-240 VAC/
24 VDC 100-240 VAC
S ng vo 6-16 8-36 8-64 8-40
S ng ra 4-14 6-24 8-64 8-40
Ng ra s Relay, transistor Relay
Thi gian
thc hin 0.55-0.7 s 0.55 -1 s 0.08 s 0.065 s
B nh EEPROM EEPROM,
EPROM
RAM,
EEPROM FLROM
Kch thc 60/60/75/100x90
x49 90-185x90x75
150-
350x90x87
130-
285x90x86
1.3. PLC CP1E
1.3.1. Gii thiu chung
Cc b iu khin lp trnh ca hng OMRON rt a dng, gm cc loi
CPM1A, CPM2A, CPM2C, CQM1, CP1E, CP1L, CP1H, . Nhng loi PLC c
to thnh t nhng module ri kt ni li vi nhau, c th cho php m rng dung
lng b nh v m rng cc ng vo/ra. V vy, chng c s dng rt linh hot v
a dng trong thc tin. Ngoi ra, hng OMRON cn sn xut cc b PLC c cu trc
c nh, cc PLC ny ch c dung cho cc cng vic c bit nn khng i hi tnh
linh hot cao. Cc PLC u c cu trc gm: b ngun, CPU, cc Port I/O, cc module
I/O c bit c c mt b PLC hon chnh th ta phi lp rp cc module ny
li vi nhau. Vic kt ni ny thc hin kh n gin v cho php thay th d dng.
15
H CP1E c rt nhiu loi. Ta c th tm tt trong bng sau:
Bng 1.2. a ch b nh vo/ra ca cc loi PLC h CP1E (14, 20, 30, 40, 60 I/O)
S lng u vo ra
trn module CPU
u ni trn module CPU
Input Output
14 8 u:
000.00 n 000.07
6 u:
100.00 n 100.05
20 12 u:
000.00 n 000.11
8 u:
100.00 n 100.07
30
18 u:
000.00 n 000.11
001.00 n 001.05
12 u:
100.00 n 100.07
101.00 n 101.03
40
24 u:
000.00 n 000.11
001.00 n 001.11
16 u:
100.00 n 100.07
101.00 n 101.07
60
36 u:
000.00 n 000.11
001.00 n 001.11
002.00 n 002.11
24 u:
100.00 n 100.07
101.00 n 101.07
102.00 n 102.07
a ch b nh trn module m rng: word trn module m rng s s dng
word tip theo ca vng nh input hay output tng ng cha s dng bi module m
rng trc hoc module CPU.
Bng 1.3. a ch knh b nh vo ra PLC CP1E
CPU Cc word dnh sn S module m rng
c php ni Input Output
10 I/O 0 CH 100 CH 0
14 I/O 0 CH 100 CH 1
20 I/O 0 CH 100 CH 1
30 I/O 0 CH, 1 CH 100 CH, 101 CH 3
40 I/O 0 CH, 1 CH 100 CH, 101 CH 3
60 I/O 0 CH, 1 CH, 2 CH 100 CH, 101 CH, 102 CH 3
16
1.3.2. Cc thnh phn ca CPU
Cu to chung ca 1 b CPU gm nhng phn nh sau:
Hnh 1.7. Cc thnh phn ca CPU
(1) Khe cm card nh (Memory cassette): Dng gn card nh (15) lu
chng trnh, cc thng s v b nh d liu ca CP1E, CP1L/1H. N cng c th
dng copy v np chng trnh sang cc b PLC loi CP1L/1H khc m khng cn
dng my tnh.
(2) Peripheral USB port: Dng ni vi my tnh cho vic lp trnh.
(3) Nm chit p chnh (Analog adjuster): Khi quay chit p ny, gi tr ca b
nh trong PLC a ch A642 s thay i trong khong 0-255.
(4) u ni u vo chit p analog: u ni ny dng kt ni vi tn hiu u
vo t 0-10VDC, thay i gi tr ca thanh ghi b nh A643 trong khong 0-255.
u vo ny khng c cch ly.
(5) DIP switch: Dng t cc thng s hot ng nh cm ghi vo vng nh
chng trnh, t ng np d liu t card nh,
(6) Pin: Lu ni dung RAM v ng h khi ngun tt.
(7) Cc n bo hot ng.
Bng 1.4. Chc nng n bo trn PLC h CP1E
POWER
(Mu
xanh)
Bt PLC ang c cp in bnh thng
Tt PLC khng c cp in bnh thng (khng c in,
in yu,..)
RUN
(Mu
xanh)
Bt PLC ang hot ng ch RUN hay MONITOR.
Tt PLC ang ch PROGRAM hoc b dng
17
ERR/ALM
()
Sng PLC gp li nghim trng (chng trnh PLC ngng
chy), bao gm c li FALS hay li phn cng (WDT).
Tt c cc u ra s tt
Nhp nhy PLC gp mt li khng nghim trng (PLC tip tc
chy ch RUN)
Tt PLC hot ng bnh thng khng c li
PRPHL
(Vng)
Sng ang truyn thng qua cng USB
Tt Hin khng c truyn thng qua cng USB
INH
(Vng)
Sng Bit tt u ra (A500.15) bt. Lc ny tt c cc u ra
trn PLC s tt, bt k chng trnh iu khin
Tt Hot ng nh bnh thng
BKUP
(Vng)
Sng
Chng trnh, thng s hay b nh d liu ang c
ghi vo b nh flash hay card nh.
Chng trnh, thng s hay b nh d liu ang c
c li t b nh ngoi sau khi bt in
Lu : khng tt in trong khi n ny ang sng
Tt Hot ng nh bnh thng
Khi gp mt s c trm trng, cc n ch th trng thi u vo s thay i nh sau:
- Khi c li CPU hay li vi bus vo/ra (CPU Error, I/O Bus Error): cc LED u
vo s tt.
- Khi c li vi b nh hoc li h thng (Memory Error/System Error): cc LED
u vo vn gi trng thi ca chng trc khi xy ra li cho d trng thi thc u
vo thay i.
(8) Cc u ni ng vo
- Dy ngun in cung cp cho PLC (Power Supply Input Terminal).
- u ni t tn hiu (Functional Earth Terminal) (ch i vi loi AC) nhm
tng kh nng chng nhiu v trnh in git.
- u ni t bo v (Protective Earth Terminal) trnh in git. PLC c th
c cung cp bng ngun in xoay chiu 100-240VAC hoc 1 chiu 24VDC (tu
loi).
- u ni tn hiu vo (Input Terminal).
(9) Cc n ch th trng thi u vo (Input Indicator): n LED trong nhm ny
s sng khi u vo tng ng ln ON.
(10) Khe cm cc card truyn thng m rng ty chn: Dng cm thm cc
card RS-232C (16) hay RS-422A/485 (17). Module vi 14/20 I/O c 1 khe cm c th
18
lp c 1 card. Module 30/40/60 I/O c 2 khe cm c th lp c 2 card truyn
thng m rng.
(11) u ni vi module vo ra m rng (Expansion I/O Unit): Dng ni
module c CPU (l module chnh c b x l trung tm - CPU v cha chng trnh
ng dng - User program) vi module vo/ra m rng (Expansion I/O Unit) b
sung u vo/ra cho module chnh.
(12) Cc n ch th trng thi u ra (Output Indicator): n LED trong nhm
ny s sng khi u ra tng ng ln ON.
(13) u ni ngun cp DC ra t PLC (DC Power Supply Output Terminal) v
u ni cho u ra. in p ra u ni ngun cp DC chun l 24VDC vi dng nh
mc l 0,3A c th c dng cp cho cc u vo s DC
(14) Cht gn trn thanh ray DIN.
(15) Card nh (Memory cassette) (ty chn): Dng lu d liu t b nh flash
trong CPU. Cm vo khe cm Card nh (1).
(16) Card truyn thng RS-232C (ty chn): Cm vo khe cm truyn thng.
(17) Card truyn thng RS-422A/485 (ty chn). Cm vo khe cm truyn thng.
1.3.3. Cc kiu lin kt truyn thng ca PLC
1.3.3.1. Truyn thng lin kt ch
L mi lin kt ch-t gia my tnh ch hoc thit b lp trnh cm tay vi
PLC. S dng c/ghi d liu t thit b lp trnh vo PLC.
- Truyn thng lin kt ch 1-1:
Thc hin vic lin kt 11 gia CP1E vi my tnh tng thch, my tnh IBM
PC/AT hoc mn iu khin PT thng qua cng USB hoc cng RS-232C hoc cng
Ethernet. Cch kt ni c biu din trong hnh v sau:
Hnh 1.8. Kt ni truyn thng 1-1 thng qua cng USB v RS-232C
Hnh 1.9. Kt ni truyn thng 1-1 thng qua cng Ethernet
19
- Truyn thng lin kt ch 1-N:
Kiu lin kt ny cho php kt ni 1 my tnh hoc PT vi 32 b iu khin lp
trnh PLC, c thc hin bng cch dng b ni tng thch (Adaptor) RS-232C
hoc RS422 thng qua cng giao tip RS-232C, RS-422, RS-485.
Hnh 1.10. Kt ni truyn thng 1-N thng qua chun RS-485
Hnh 1.11. Kt ni truyn thng 1-N thng qua chun RS-485
1.3.3.2. OMRON PT Connection
L kiu lin lc tc cao gia PLC v HMI (Human-Machine-Interface), CP1E
c ni trc tip n mn hnh iu khin thng qua cng RS 232C hoc cng
Ethernet.
Hnh 1.12. PT Conection
20
1.3.3.3. Kiu lin lc One to One Link (1-1 )
y l mng trao i d liu gia 2 b PLC vi nhau bng cp RS-232C thng
qua cng RS-232C Port. Trong mt PLC ng vai tr chnh v mt ph trong vic
thit lp cc ch hot ng ca h thng.
Master Slave
RS-232
Hnh 1.13. One to One Link
1.3.4. Cu trc vng nh trong PLC
B nh trong PLC c chia thnh cc vng khc nhau vi cc chc nng ring
bit nh sau:
Bng 1.5. Phn chia vng nh trn PLC h CP1E
Vng nh Words Bit
CIO
I/O 00 - 199 0.00 - 199.15
Vng 1:1 3000 - 3063 3000.00 - 3063.00
Vng lin kt ni tip 3100 - 3189 3100.00 - 3189.15
Vng lm vic 3800 - 6143 3800.00 - 6143.00
Vng lm vic W000 - W511 W0.00 - W511.15
HR H000 - H511 H0.00 - H511.15
AR A000 - A959 A0.00 - A959.15
DM D00000 - D32767* Khng c
Timer T000 - T511 T0000 - T0511
Counter C000 - C511 C0000 - C0511
*i vi loi 14/20 I/O: D0 - D9999, D32000 - D32767
21
Chc nng cc vng nh:
Bng 1.6. c im cc vng nh trn PLC h CP1E
CIO area
Input area Cc bit ny c th c gn cho cc u dy
vo/ra I/O Output area
1:1 link area Dng cho kt ni 1:1 vi 1 PLC khc
Serial PLC link area Dng cho kt ni 1:n vi 1 PLC khc
Work area Work bit c th c s dng tu trong chng
trnh
SR area Cc bit ny phc v cho cc chc nng ring bit
nh c bo v cc bit iu khin
TR area Cc bit ny lu d liu v lu trng thi ON/OFF
tm thi ti cc nhnh r chng trnh
HR area2 Cc bit ny lu d liu v lu li trng thi
ON/OFF ca chng khi ngt in
AR area2
Cc bit ny phc v cho cc chc nng ring bit
nh c bo v cc bit iu khin
Timer/Counter area3
Cc s ny c th c dng cho c timer v
counter
DM area
Read/Write2
D liu lu vng b nh DM ch c th c
truy cp theo word. Gi tr ca cc word t lu
gi tr khi mt in
Error log4
Dng lu thi gian xut hin v m ca li.
Cc word ny c th c dng nh l cc word
DM c/ghi thng thng khi chc nng lu li
hin khng c s dng
Read-only4 Chng trnh khng th ghi ln cc word ny
PC Setup4
Dng lu cc thng s khc nhau iu khin hot
ng ca PLC
Ghi ch:
1. Cc bit CIO area v LR khi khng c dng cho cc chc nng nh ca chng
c th c dng nh bit t do trong chng trnh (work bit)
22
2. Ni dung ca cc thanh ghi HR, LR, counter, v vng b nh DM c/ghi c
nui bng pin. nhit 25oC, pin c th lu ni dung b nh trong vng 5 nm.
3. Khi truy cp gi tr hin hnh (PV) ca timer v counter, cc s ca timer v counter
c dng nh l cc d liu dng word; khi truy cp bit c bo kt thc (Completion
Flag) ca timer v counter, chng c dng nh l cc bit trng thi.
4. D liu cc thanh ghi t DM6144 n DM6655 khng th b ghi bi chng
trnh nhng chng c th c thay i t thit b ngoi vi.
Bng 1.7. Cc k hiu hng s ca cc lnh trong chng trnh trn PLC h CP1E
K hiu Ni dung
#0000 n 9999 (BCD) Cc gi tr ca timer/counter, lnh s hc BCD,..
#0000 n FFFF (Hex) Gi tr so snh cho cc lnh so snh, copy d liu,
lnh s hc BIN,..
&0 n 65535 K hiu s thp phn khng du
Ch c 1 s lnh c bit dng kiu d liu ny
Cc c bo:
Cc c bo trong PLC c CPU t ng t phn nh cc trng thi v gi tr
ca hot ng bn trong PLC hoc ca chng trnh.
Bng 1.8. Cc c nh ca cc lnh trong chng trnh trn PLC h CP1E
Tn K
hiu
Phn
mm
CX-P
Chc nng
C bo li ER P_ER
Bt ON khi lnh dng d liu BCD mun s
dng d liu khng phi dng BCD
Bt ON khi tham s ca lnh khng hp l (v
d gi tr vt ra ngoi khong)
C bo li truy
cp AER P_AER
Bt ON khi truy cp vo vng nh khng
c php
C nh CY P_CY
Bt ON khi s lng s tng hay gim khi
thc hin lnh s hc
Cc lnh dch d liu v s hc c th dng
c ny nh 1 phn ca qu trnh thc hin
C bng = P_EQ
Bt ON khi lnh so snh cho kt qu bng
Bt ON khi kt qu thc hin bng 0 vi cc
lnh tnh ton hay copy d liu
23
C khng bng < > P_NE Bt ON khi lnh so snh cho kt qu khng
bng
C ln hn > P_GT Bt ON khi lnh so snh cho kt qu tham
s 1 > tham s 2
C ln hn hay
bng >= P_GE
Bt ON khi lnh so snh cho kt qu tham
s 1 >= tham s 2
C nh hn < P_LT Bt ON khi lnh so snh cho kt qu tham
s 1 < tham s 2
C nh hn hay
bng
24
Mt cm bin siu m c dng pht hin t ang li gn ca. Mt cm
bin quang in c dng pht hin t ang i qua ca. PLC s nhn cc tn hiu
vo ny v iu khin ng c ng m ca.
Cm bin siu m
CP1E
Cm bin quang
Nt nhn
ng c iu khin
Hnh 1.14. M hnh cnh ca t ng
Cu 1.4 Hy xc nh c im, s lng I/O, v nh a ch I/O ca h thng
iu khin ng gi sn phm vi yu cu nh sau:
Khi nt bm PB1 (START) c bm, bng ti hp bt u chuyn ng. Khi
pht hin s c mt ca hp (Box conveyor) dng v bng ti to (Apple conveyor)
bt u chuyn ng.
Cm bin m (SE1) s m s lng qu to cho n khi t 10 qu. Bng ti
to lc ny s dng v bng ti hp hot ng tr li. B m s c reset v hot
ng c lp li cho n khi nt PB2 (STOP) c bm.
Cm bin to
Bng ti to
Cm bin hp
Start
Stop
Hnh 1.15. M hnh ng gi sn phm