History of Biomedical Engineering
생체의공학 개론김 태 성
경희대학교 생체의공학과
The Oldest Biomedical Device
Prosthetic toe from ancient Egypt
Origin
• World War II• Biologists needed to work advances on radar technology, = Biology + Technology
• Thus electronic developments in medicine• But biologists could not understand the principals of tech.• This gap needed to be filled • So, doctors and biologists got interested in engineering. Also electrical engineers interested in biology and medicine.
• Finally biomedical engineers and bioengineers were bone.
Major Milestones
• 1791: Luigi Galvani invented the frog galvanoscope.
Frog's-leg galvanoscope – measures voltage from skinned frog legs
• 1851: Hermann von Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope.
• 1881: Samuel von Basch invented the blood pressure meter
• 1895: Conrad Roentgen (Germany) discovered the X-ray using gas discharged tubes.
• 1901: Roentgen received the Nobel Prize for discovery of X-Rays.
First medical X-ray by Wilhelm Röntgen of his wife Anna Bertha Ludwig's hand
• 1903: Willem Einthoven invented the electrocardiogram (ECG).
ECG of a heart in normal sinus rhythm
An early commercial ECG device (1911)
• 1921: First formal training in biomedical engineering was started at Oswalt Institute for Physics in Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany.
• 1927: Invention of the Iron Lung (Drinker Respirator)
• 1929: Hans Berger invents the electroencephalogram (EEG).
The first human EEG recording obtained by Hans Berger in 1924. The upper tracing is EEG, and the lower is a 10 Hz timing signal.
• Mid 1930s – early 1940s: Antibiotics, sulfanilamide and pencillin reduced cross-infection in hospitals.
Penicillin
• 1940: Cardiac catheterization
• 1948: The first conference of Engineering in Medicine & Biology was held in the United States.
• 1950: Electron microscope.
Diagram of a transmission electron microscope
A modern transmission electron microscope
Neonatal cardiomyocytes
• 1950s: Electrical Stimulation
• 1950s – early 1960s: Nuclear medicine.
• 1960s: Ultrasound
• 1970: computer tomography (CT)
Modern CT scanner
• 1970: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Medical MRI
• 1980: Gamma camera, positron emission tomography (PET) and SPECT.
Gamma camera
positron emission tomography
• More advancement in Biomedical Engineering to come…