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A
SEMINAR
ONBIOMETRICS
GUIDED BY :Prof. Mrs. REKHA JAINProf. Mrs. S.V.CHARHATE
SUBMITTED BY :AKSHAT AGRAWALAB-45007
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CONTENTS
Biometrics Benefits Of Biometrics
How do Biometrics Work
What Makes a Good Biometric?
Types Of Biometrics
Features and Considerations
Why are biometrics secure?
Biometrics in Future
Faqs
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BIOMETRICS
Biometry or biometrics is simply defined asautomatically recognizing a person using distinguishingtraits. Biometric identification uses some unique
physiological or behavioural characteristic, not sharedby any other individual, to positively identify anindividual.
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BENEFITS OF BIOMETRICS
Reliable user authentication is essential. The consequences ofInsecure authentication in a banking or corporate environment
can be catastrophic, with loss of confidential information,money, and compromised data integrity. Many applications ineveryday life also require user authentication including:
physical access control to offices or buildings,
e-commerce, Defense healthcare and border control, etc.
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Currently, the prevailing techniques of userauthentication are linked to passwords, user IDs,identification cards and PINs (personal identificationnumbers). These techniques suffer from severallimitations:
Passwords and PINs can be guessed, stolen. Apassword can be shared, and there is no way for thesystem to know who the actual user is.
Existing user authentication techniques include :
Something you know, e.g. password or PIN. The issue isthat many password are easy to guess, and can also be
easily forgotten.
Something you have, e.g. key or car. They can be lost,stolen or duplicated.
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Biometric devices normally consist of 3 elements: A scanner / reader that captures the user's biometric
characteristics A piece of software that converts this data into digital
form and compares it with data previously recorded A database, which stores the biometric data
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WHAT MAKES A GOOD BIOMETRIC?
Unique
Permanent
Easy to use
Fast
Accurate
Low cost
Positive public perception
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Fingerprints
Fingerprints are the most widely used biometric characteristic
Fingerprints are usually considered to be unique, with no two fingershaving the exact same dermal ridge characteristics.
Fingerprints have been routinely used in the forensics community forover one hundred years. Increasing identity fraud has created agrowing need for biometric technology for person recognition in anumber of non-forensic applications too.
Fingerprint sensors are best for devices such as cell phones, USB flash
drives, notebook computers and other applications where price, size,cost and low power are key requirements. Fingerprint biometricsystems are also used for law enforcement, healthcare and welfare.
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FINGERPRINTS
Features
Long time use proven highaccuracy
General ease and speed of use
Cheap
Small size
Large database alreadyavailable
Considerations
Small % of population havepoor prints due to injury, age,disease, or occupation
Requires physical contact withsensor
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FACIAL RECOGNITION
The dimensions, proportions and
physical attributes of a person's face
are unique.
Biometric facial recognition systems
will measure and analyze the overallstructure, shape and proportions of
the face : Distance between the eyes,
nose, mouth, and jaw edges, etc.
At enrolment, several pictures are taken of the user's face, with
slightly different angles and facial expressions, to allow for moreaccurate matching. For verification and identification, the userstands in front of the camera for a few seconds, and the scan iscompared with the template previously recorded.
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Facial recognition
Features
Can use standard video
cameras
No physical contactrequired
Can be fused with skinbiometrics to enhanceaccuracy
Considerations
Can be affected by
lighting Sometimes affected by
eyeglasses, facial hair, or
expression
Appearance can changeover time
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Measures dimensions of hand, including shape and length of
fingers
Used extensively for physical access control
- All U.S. nuclear power plants- DoD
- Airports
Widely used for employee timekeeping
Camera positioned above and to side
HAND GEOMETRY
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HAND GEOMETRY
Features
Easy to use, fast
High public acceptance Very low Failure to Enroll Rate
Proven over many years of use
Primary applications are physical
access and time/attendance
Rugged
Considerations
Lack of accuracy, so it can only beused for verification
Size of the scanner Fairly expensive, compared with
fingerprint systems
Injuries to hands are fairly
common and would prevent the
hand biometric system from
working properly
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IRIS RECOGNITION
Captures the pattern of the muscles
present at the back part of eye.
Measures up to 266 unique features
Uses near infrared sensor from a
distance of 6 in. to 2 ft.
Popular for facility access and transportation/border
security
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IRIS RECOGNITION
Features
Highly accurate
Very stable over lifetime
Works through glasses and
contacts
No physical contact required
Considerations
Can be affected by some eye
diseases (cataracts)
Not affected by common eye
surgeries
The user must hold still while
the scan is taking place
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Principles of DNA biometrics
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes containing their DNAblueprint. One member of each chromosomal pair comes from theirmother, the other comes from their father. Every cell in a humanbody contains a copy of this DNA.
Benefits of DNA biometric systemsAccurate: the chance of 2 individuals sharing theSame DNA profile is less than one in a hundredbillion
Weaknesses of DNA biometric systems
DNA matching is not done in real-time Intrusive:
Currently takes 12 hours minimum for match
result.
A physical sample must be taken,while other biometric systems
only use an image or a recording.
Identical twins share the same DNA.
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KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS
Also known as typing rhythm or
typing pattern
Analyzes the way a person interacts witha computer keyboard .
Measures variables such as key depression time(duration), latency between keystrokes, inter-keystroke
times, typing error frequency, force keystrokes, etc.
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KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS
Features
No special capture device
required
(low cost)
Leverages existinginfrastructure (hardwareand process)
Text dependent
Considerations
Not suitable for non-touch typists(too inconsistent)
Periodic update (adaptation) oftemplates may be necessary dueto changes over time
Enrollment process somewhatlengthy (15 captures)
Affected by changes in typingpatterns
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SIGNATURE VERIFICAION
Biometric signature recognition systems will measure and analyzethe physical activity of signing, such as the stroke order, the pressureapplied and the speed. Some systems may also compare visualimages of signatures i.e. how it is signed rather than visual, i.e. theimage of the signature.
Benefits of signature biometric systems
While it is easy to copy the image of a signature, it is extremelydifficult to mimic the behavior of signing
Considerations
People may not always sign in a consistent manner. Thus periodicupdate (adaptation) may be necessary due to changes over time .
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Our voices are unique to each person(including twins), and cannot be exactlyreplicated.
Speech includes two components: aphysiological component (the voicetract) and a behavioural component(the accent). It is almost impossible to imitate anyone's voice
perfectly. Voice recognition systems can discriminate between twovery similar voices, including twins.
During enrollment, the user is prompted to repeat a shortparaphrase or a sequence of numbers. The performance of voicerecognition systems may vary depending on the quality of the audiosignal. To prevents the risk of unauthorised access via tape recordings, the
user is asked to repeat random phrases.
VOICE BIOMETRICS
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MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS
In certain situations, the user might find one form of biometricidentification is not exact enough for identification. This can be thecase with fingerprints, where at least 10% of the population haveworn, cut or unrecognizable prints. Hence the need arises for theuse of multimodal biometrics. This uses a combination of different
biometric recognition technologies.
The benefits of multimodal biometrics
By using more then one means of biometric identification, the
multimodal biometric identifier can retain high threshold
recognition settings. The system administrator can then decide the
level of security he/she requires. For a high security site, they might
require more than one biometric identifiers to recognize the person
or for a lower security site, only one is used. With this methodology,
the probability of accepting an impostor is greatly reduced.
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Why are biometrics secure?
Unique: The probability of 2 people sharing the samebiometric data is virtually nil.
Cannot be shared: Because a biometric property is an
intrinsic property of an individual, it is extremely difficult toduplicate or share (you cannot give a copy of your face oryour hand to someone!).
Cannot be copied: Biometric characteristics are nearlyimpossible to forge or spoof.
Cannot be lost: A biometric property of an individual can be
lost only in case of serious accident.
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BIOMETRICS IN FUTURE
Biometry can sometimes show up in the most unlikely ofplaces. USA Today recently featured a SiemensAutomotive product in an article entitled "Gizmos SteerCars into Future". The fingerprint sensor works by
reading a fingerprint and adjusting the mirrors, seatings,and other controls as well as activating the starter for theautomobile. For those really "bright" thieves that mayconsider stealing the owners finger before theautomobile, the sensor foils their plans. The Siemens
product must also read a small electric pulse present inall living humans to work. This electric pulse would beabsent from a severed finger.....good thinking!
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THANK YOU
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FAQSQ. What is the best biometric technology?
A. There is not one single biometric technology that would be ideal forall applications. Each technology has its own benefits andweaknesses in terms of accuracy, cost, ease of use, intrusiveness, easeof deployment.
Q. Can I ch
ang
emy biom
etrics
?
A. Biological biometrics cannot easily be changed (there have been casesof surgically altered fingerprints), but they can be distiguished. Itmay be possible to change a behavioral biometric.
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