Annual Review 2013
37
Indo-German Trade
Bilateral trade declines slightly in 2012
The ¤20 billion target set by German Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel and Indian
Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh for 2012 was denied with bilateral trade
declining 4.2% to ¤17.6 billion during the year 2012 from a figure of nearly ¤18.4
in 2011. Indian imports from Germany suffered a setback of 4.5% amounting
to ¤10.4 billion, while Indian exports to the country declined 3.8% to reach a
volume of ¤7.2 billion.
Machinery, Electro-technology and Metal products major items of importImports of all three top items, which take up over 57% of total imports from
Germany, experienced a setback in 2012. Indian imports of Machinery from
Germany declined by about 10% during 2012. However, it still remains the most
important item of import with a share of 34.9% of total imports amounting to
over ¤3.6 billion during the last year. 21% less electro-technological products
(¤1.19 billion), which account for 11.5% of total imports, were imported into the
subcontinent from Germany in 2012, while Metal and metal products experienced
a decline of 3.3% amounting to ¤1.14 billion, while taking up a share of nearly
11% in the import basket.
On the other hand, with over ¤1.07 billion, Chemical products, which constitute
the 4th most important category in the imports’ list, grew 7.7% while accounting for
a share of 10.3%. With imports of Optical and photographic equipment growing
Indo-German Trade (in ¤1,000)
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % change
Indian imports 4,193,701 6,364,955 7,354,045 8,154,683 7,997,318 9,253,494 10,871,348 10,383,851 -4.5
Indian exports 3,407,482 4,175,015 4,721,687 5,252,505 5,104,950 6,193,198 7,504,917 7,219,058 -3.8
Trade volume 7,601,183 10,539,970 12,075,732 13,407,218 13,102,268 15,446,692 18,376,265 17,602,909 -4.2
Indo-German Trade since 2000 (in ¤1,000)
Year Indian imports
% change
Indian exports
% change
Trade volume
% change
2000 2,084 12.8 2,464 15.7 4,548 14.2
2001 2,307 10.7 2,524 2.4 4,831 6.2
2002 2,422 5.0 2,543 0.8 4,965 2.8
2003 2,443 0.9 2,637 3.7 5,080 2.3
2004 3,289 34.6 2,957 12.2 6,246 22.9
2005 4,202 27.7 3,396 14.8 7,598 21.6
2006 6,365 51.8 4,175 22.5 10,540 38.7
2007 7,354 15.5 4,722 13.1 12,076 14.6
2008 8,155 10.9 5,253 11.2 13,408 11.0
2009 7,997 -1.9 5,105 -2.8 13,102 -2.3
2010 9,254 15.7 6,193 21.3 15,447 17.9
2011 10,871 17.5 7,505 21.2 18,376 19.0
2012 10,384 -4.5 7,219 -3.8 17,603 -4.2
Indian imports from Germany (in ¤1,000)
Category 2010 2011 % change
2012 % change
% share
Machinery*, apparatus, gadgets, medical eqpmt etc. incl. complete plants
3,895,424 4,025,590 3.34 3,623,396 -10.0 34.89
Electro-technology 1,093,396 1,508,460 38.0 1,190,973 -21.0 11.47
Metal & Metal products (excl. ore)
1,015,077 1,180,978 16.3 1,141,909 -3.3 10.99
Chemical products incl. petrochemicals, fertilizers & cosmetics
813,482 996,890 22.5 1,073,868 7.7 10.34
Optical and photographic equipment
52,893 787,681 1389 808,580 2.7 7.79
Automobiles and ancillaries 614,359 599,399 -2.4 495,400 -17.4 4.77
Plastics 445,227 440,168 -1.1 477,742 8.5 4.60
Aircraft & aerospace equipment
283,588 314,109 10.8 457,415 45.6 4.40
Paper, cardboard, printing material
147,059 176,195 19.8 194,158 10.2 1.87
Pharmaceuticals 238,984 120,618 -49.5 163,871 35.9 1.58
Textiles & garments incl. wool, fur & yarns
97,712 114,987 6,193 21.3 15,447 17.9
Rubber products 83,788 102,322 1.1 1.13 18,376 19.0
Furniture incl. lighting fixtures
43,421 87,860 102.3 84,507 -3.8 0.82
Glass & ceramic products 65,667 86,386 31.6 79,197 -8.3 0.76
Wood, cork (without furniture)
23,260 60,232 159 50,171 -16.7 0.48
Gems & Jewellery, precious metals & stones
13,639 32,605 139.0 35,869 10.0 0.35
Track vehicles 32,468 24,708 -23.9 33,460 35.4 0.33
Food, Beverages & Tobacco 18,270 36,536 100.0 30,065 -17.7 0.29
Stone, Stone products, Cement
5,996 21,057 251.2 22,582 7.2 0.22
Leather and shoes 12,031 12,703 5.6 13,941 9.7 0.13
Boats/Water transport 533 12,459 2237.5 391 -96.9 0.00
Others 257,220 129,405 -42.4 177,086 36.8 1.71
Total imports 9,253,494 10,871,348 17.5 10,383,851 -4.5 100.0
* Machinery includes Measurement & control equipment and Medical technology which were given separately in the previous years’ data
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
(Table 6)
Annual Review 2013
39
Indo-German Trade
by 2.7% (¤808.6 mil.), it was 5th in the imports list and took up a share of 7.8%.
Imports of Automobiles and ancillaries which already experienced a decline in
2011, dropped further in 2012 by over 17% to reach a figure of about ¤495 million.
Among the products which saw healthy rises in imports in 2012 (albeit at a lower
level) were Aircraft & aerospace equipment (+45.6%) and Pharmaceuticals
(+35.9%). Imports of Plastics too grew 8.5% in 2012, while Paper and printing
products grew 10.2%.
The top 5 categories accounted for nearly 75.5% share of total imports from
Germany and the top three 57.4%.
Textiles, Chemicals and Electro-technology - export winners for IndiaIn 2012, Indian exports of Textiles to Germany in 2011 fell around 30% over the
previous year to over ¤1.45 billion. The segment’s share in the total export basket
also declined from 28% (in 2011) to just over 20% last year. The next most im-
portant item of exports - Chemicals, grew a moderate 8.6% to reach a figure
of ¤991 million, while increasing its share from 12% in 2011 to 13.7% in 2012.
Electro-technological products, which were the third-most important item of
exports, declined by around 17% accounting for a value of over ¤700 million
with a share of 9.7% (11.3% share in 2011).
Exports of Metal and metal products – the 4th most important item of export
- posted a negative growth of 11.8% (¤660 million), while accounting for a share
of 9.2%. Exports of Food & beverages increased slightly (+1.2%) to reach a figure
of ¤636.7 million, while taking up a share of 8.8% in total exports. Exports of
Leather and shoes dipped 11.7% amounting to nearly ¤603 million, taking up a
share of 8.4%. After growing substantially in 2011(nearly 52%), Indian exports
of Machinery, gadgets and equipment to Germany in 2012 grew only 0.9%
while taking up a share of 7.6%. Exports of Optical and photographic equipment
showed healthy growth of 27.6% to reach a figure of more than ¤123 million.
The top five items accounted for a share of nearly 61.5% of total Indian exports
to Germany, while the top three took up a share of over 43.5%.
Partners in Trade
India and GermanyAmong the 234 countries and regions that Germany trades with, India was the
25th most important sourcing country for Germany in the year 2012, thereby
improving its position of 2011 by one rank. With respect to its position as a
destination country for German exports in 2012, India’s position went down a
notch from 21 to 22.
The percentage of Germany’s trade with India in its total trade worldwide how-
ever still remains below 1% (an abysmal 0.86%) pointing to a tremendous, yet
untapped potential in the trade between the two countries.
Indian exports to Germany (in ¤1,000)
Category 2010 2011 % change
2012 % change
% share
Textiles & garments incl. wool, fur & yarn
1,499,449 2,081,232 38.8 1,453,254 -30.2 20.1
Chemicals 572,719 913,236 59.5 991,378 8.6 13.7
Electro-technology 759,480 844,932 11.3 700,179 -17.1 9.7
Metal & metal products (excl. ore)
534,695 747,992 39.9 659,910 -11.8 9.2
Food, beverages & tobacco 484,994 629,147 29.7 636,721 1.2 8.8
Leather & shoes 541,332 682,633 26.1 602,844 -11.7 8.4
Machinery, apparatus, gad-gets, med. equipment etc.
361,946 548,928 51.7 553,847 0.9 7.6
Automobiles and ancillaries 327,485 333,234 1.8 312,805 -6.1 4.3
Pharmaceuticals 377,751 260,952 -30.9 264,537 1.4 3.7
Rubber products 97,588 134,207 37.5 138,628 3.3 1.9
Optical and photographic equipment
24,640 96,709 292.5 123,419 27.6 1.7
Plastics 77,007 121,755 58.1 106,913 -12.2 1.5
Gems & jewellery, precious metals & stones
83,255 102,480 23.1 104,264 1.7 1.4
Furniture incl. lighting fixtures
48,964 85,830 75.3 101,120 17.8 1.4
Stone, stone products, cement
68,203 66,002 -3.2 71,485 8.3 1.0
Glass & ceramic products 28,772 28,552 -0.8 34,980 22.5 0.6
Aircraft & aerospace equipment
17,843 10,027 -43.8 16,308 62.6 0.3
Paper, cardboard & printing material
11,240 10,109 -10.1 10,558 4.4 0.1
Wood (without furniture) 7,119 8,341 17.2 9,950 19.3 0.1
Others 268,716 136,268 -49.3 325,958 139.2 4.5
Total 6,193,198 7,504,917 21.2 7,219,058 -3.8 100
* Machinery includes Measurement & Control Equipment and Medical Technology which were given separately in the previous years’ data
The Top Ten Trading Partners
Germany’s top ten trading partners worldwideNetherlands remains the main supplier country for Germany. The country ac-
counted for 9.5% of Germany’s total imports of ¤909,092 million from countries
worldwide, thereby increasing its share of 9.1% in 2011. China was the second-
most important exporter to Germany. However, its share in total German imports
dropped from 8.8% in 2011 to 8.5% in 2012. Following this were France (7.1%),
USA(5.5%) and Italy (5.4%) in the 3rd, 4th and 5th positions respectively. Overall
the top ten exporters to Germany in 2012 as well as their ranking remained the
same as in the previous year. These top 10 accounted for 58% of total imports
into Germany.
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
Table 7
(Table 7)
(Table 8)
Annual Review 2013
41
Indo-German Trade
0 50000 100000 150000 200000
France was the undisputed top importer of German goods in 2012. Of the total
volume of goods exported from Germany worldwide, which was to the tune of
¤1,097,346 million, France accounted for a 9.5% share. Second in place was
the USA with a share of 7.9%, followed by UK in the third place with 6.6%.
Netherlands (6.5%) and China (6.1%) were the 4th and 5th biggest importers for
Germany in 2012. Last year, UK moved up a notch from the 4th place in 2011
displacing Netherlands. Austria too moved up to 6th place last year from 7th in
the previous year, pushing Italy down to the 7th position. The composition of the
top ten buyers for Germany remained the same in 2012, accounting for 59.3%
of total goods exported from Germany worldwide.
In 2012, Germany’s foreign trade was to the tune of ¤2,006,438 million and the
top ten trading partners were France, Netherlands, China, USA, UK, Italy, Austria,
Switzerland, Belgium and Russia.
Top Ten Trading Partners for India worldwideAs per the available statistics by the Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, India
imported maximum amount of goods from China, which accounted for 11% of
the entire Indian imports worth Rs.26,756 billion during the last fiscal (Apr.’12 –
Mar.’13). Switzerland was the second place accounting for 6.1% of India’s total
imports, followed by USA with 5%. In the 4th and 5th place were Indonesia (3%)
and Germany (2.9%). Indonesia moved up from the 6th place in 2011 to the 4th
last year, displacing Germany to a lower position of no.5. Australia, which ranked
5th in previous FY, dropped to 8th position during the last fiscal, while account-
ing for 2.4% of India’s imports (3.1% in 2011). Hong Kong was no longer in the
top ten in the year Apr.’12- Mar.‘13 unlike in previous year where it was at no.9.
Instead, Malaysia which was missing in the 2011-2012 list is now ranked no.9
with a share of 2.1%. Japan moved up a notch with a share of 2.5%, while Bel-
gium remained at position no.10 indicating no change from the previous year.
The top ten non-POL (Petroleum, oil & lubricants) countries accounted for nearly
40% of India’s total imports in the year from 2012-2013.
USA was the top buyer of Indian goods in the last financial year (Apr.’12-Mar.’13)
taking up about 12% of Indian total exports worldwide worth Rs.16,336 billion.
At no.2 was Singapore (4.5%) followed by China accounting for slightly less than
4.5% of total exports. Hong Kong and Netherlands ranked 4th and 5th with a share
of 4.1% and 3.5% respectively. Germany retained its 7th rank while accounting
for 2.4% of total Indian exports. Japan (2%), which was at position 9 moved up
a notch to make place for a new entrant to the list of top ten destinations for
Indian goods – Brazil with a 2% share. Belgium was like in the previous year
at no.10. The top ten non-POL (Petroleum, oil & lubricants) countries absorbed
nearly 40% of India’s total exports in the year 2012-13.
Top ten trading partners for Germany worldwide
Ranking Main exporters to Germany
Jan-Dec 2012
% share Ranking Main importers from GermanyJan-Dec 2012
% share
1 Netherlands 9.5 1 France 9.5
2 China 8.5 2 USA 7.9
3 France 7.1 3 UK 6.6
4 USA 5.5 4 Netherlands 6.5
5 Italy 5.4 5 China 6.1
6 UK 4.8 6 Austria 5.2
7 Russia 4.7 7 Italy 5.1
8 Belgium 4.2 8 Switzerland 4.4
9 Switzerland 4.1 9 Belgium 4.0
10 Austria 4.0 10 Poland 3.8
25 India 0.8 22 India 0.9
France
Netherlands
China
USA
UK
Italy
Austria
Switzerland
Belgium
Russia
169,007
157,372
144,314
137,427
116,578
104,705
94,522
86,512
82,647
80,533
Germany’s main trading partners worldwide in 2012Total: ¤2,006,438 million
(¤million)
Top ten trading partners for India worldwide
Ranking Main exporters* to India
April’12-Mar.’13
% share Main importers* from India
April’12-Mar.’13
% share
1. China 11.0 USA 12.0
2. Switzerland 6.1 Singapore 4.5
3. USA 5.0 China 4.5
4. Indonesia 3.0 Hong Kong 4.1
5. Germany 2.9 Netherlands 3.5
6. South Korea 2.7 UK 2.9
7. Japan 2.5 Germany 2.4
8. Australia 2.4 Japan 2.0
9. Malaysia 2.1 Brazil 2.0
10. Belgium 2.0 Belgium 1.8
*Non-POL, Source: Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
Table 8
Table 9
(Table 9)
Annual Review 2013
43
Indo-German Trade
In the last financial year 2012-13, India’s foreign trade was to the tune of
Rs.43,092 billion and the top ten trading partners were China, USA, Switzerland,
Germany, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Belgium and UK.
Trade with the EU countries
Germany’s trade with the EUThe Netherlands was Germany’s biggest supplier among the 27 EU countries
which consists of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden and the UK. The country accounted for a substantial 17% of the
¤509,212 billion worth of goods that Germany imported from the EU in 2012.
France was the next most important exporter to Germany (12.7%), followed by
Italy (9.6%). In the 4th and 5th place were UK (8.6%) and Belgium (7.5%). The
top ten EU exporters to Germany remained the same as in the previous year
and accounted for nearly 84% of Germany’s entire imports from the 27 nations.
Among the destination countries for German exports, France was on top of the
list with 16.7% share of ¤1,097,346 billion that Germany dispatched to the EU
in 2012. UK and the Netherlands followed in 2nd and 3rd place with a share of
11.7% and 11.3% respectively. Austria (9.2%) and Italy (8.9%) were the 4th and 5th
most important buyers of German goods in the EU. The top ten importers within
the EU for Germany absorbed 85% of total exports of Germany to the region.
The top trading partners for Germany within the EU were France, Netherlands,
UK, Italy, Austria, Belgium, Poland, Czech Republic, Spain and Sweden. These coun-
tries together accounted for over 84% of Germany’s total trade within the EU.
India’s trade with the EUGermany was the top supplier for India among the EU countries during the last
fiscal (Apr.’12-Mar.’13), while accounting for a share of 27.4% of Rs.2,855 bil-
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
India’s main trading partners worldwide in 2012-2013Total: ` 43,092 billion
China
USA
Switzerland
Germany
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Japan
South Korea
Belgium
UK
3,690
3,293
1,684
1,176
1,109
1,094
1,013
962
847
826
(` billion)
Germany’s trade with the EU – Top Ten (Jan-Dec. 2012)
Ranking Germany imports from
% share in total imports from the EU
Germany exports to
% share in total exports
to the EU
1. Netherlands 17.0 France 16.7
2. France 12.7 UK 11.7
3. Italy 9.6 Netherlands 11.3
4. UK 8.6 Austria 9.2
5. Belgium 7.5 Italy 8.9
6. Austria 7.3 Belgium 7.1
7. Poland 6.6 Poland 6.7
8. Czech Republic 6.5 Czech Republic 5.0
9. Spain 4.5 Spain 5.0
10. Hungary 3.7 Sweden 3.4
0 50000 100000 150000 200000
Germany’s main trading partners within the EU in 2012 Total: ¤1,134,832 million
France 169,007
157,372
116,578
104,705
94,522
82,647
64,600
55,050
35,079
(¤million)
Netherlands
UK
Italy
Austria
Belgium
Poland
Czech Rep.
Spain
Sweden
75,695
Source: Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
India’s trade with the EU – Top Ten (Apr.’12-Mar.’13)
Ranking Indian imports from
% share in total imports from the EU
Indian exports to
% share in total exports
to the EU
1. Germany 27.4 Netherlands 20.9
2. Belgium 19.2 UK 17.1
3. UK 12.5 Germany 14.4
4. Italy 9.5 Belgium 10.9
5. France 7.7 France 9.9
6. Netherlands 4.7 Italy 8.7
7. Spain 3.5 Spain 5.7
8. Sweden 3.4 Poland 1.6
9. Finland 2.0 Denmark 1.4
10. Austria 1.9 Sweden 1.3
Source: Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India
Table 10
(Table 10)
Table 11
(Table 11)
Annual Review 2013
45
Indo-German Trade
lion (total Indian imports from the EU). Next to follow were Belgium (19.2%),
UK (12.5%), Italy(9.5%) and France (7.7%). Finland with 2% share (3.6% in the
previous fiscal) dropped from position no.7 to no.9. Spain (3.5%) too moved up
two notches from the previous year’s 9th to last year’s 7th rank. Otherwise, the
composition of the top ten remained the same as in the previous year. The top
ten accounted for nearly 92% of India’s total imports from the nations of the EU.
Netherlands, with a share of nearly 21% of India’s exports to the EU, was the
most important destination for Indian goods. India’s total imports from this re-
gion was to the tune of Rs.2,741 billion during the fiscal from Apr.’12-Mar.’13.
UK (17.1%) and Germany (14.4%), Belgium (10.9%) were in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th
place respectively. France moved up one place to 5th position with a share of
(9.9%), while Italy(8.7%) shifted one rung lower to no.6. Malta and Greece that
were in the previous year’s 8th and 9th position no longer featured in the top ten
and were replaced by Poland (1.6%) and Denmark (1.4%) during the last fiscal.
Sweden (1.3%) remained at the 10th position. Once again, the top ten buyers
accounted for nearly 92% of India’s total exports to all the countries of the EU.
The top trading partners for India in the EU during the last Indian financial year
were: Germany, Belgium, UK, Netherlands, Italy, France, Spain, Sweden, Poland and
Denmark. About 92% of India’s total trade with the EU was taken up the top ten.
Trade with the Asia-Pacific countries
Germany’s trade with the Asia-Pacific countriesAfter growing at the rate of more than 9% in 2011, Germany’s volume of trade
with the 27 Asia-Pacific countries listed by the German Asia-Pacific Business
Association (OAV) in 2012 grew just 1.6%. While German imports from these
countries dropped 2.5% last year over 2011, exports to the region increased 6.1%.
Predictably China was the biggest sourcing country for Germany accounting for
46.6% of Germany’s imports from the 27 Asian countries. Next and way behind
was Japan with 13.9% followed by South Korea with 5.3%. India as in the previous
year was at 4th position and accounted for 4.6% of all German imports from this
region. The composition of the top 10 suppliers to Germany remains the same as in
2011. However, Vietnam’s growth from 10th position to 7th in 2012, while increasing
its exports to Germany by 28.2% is noteworthy.
Germany also exported maximum to China among the Asian countries which
took up 43.5% of the country’s export to the region. Japan and South Korea
were the next most important destinations for Germany accounting for 11.2%
and 8.7% respectively. India was also the 4th most important buyer for Germany
in this region with a share of 6.8%.
Germany’s trade with the Asia-Pacific countries1): Top Ten (in ¤ mil.)
Country German Imports (Jan.-Dec.)
% change Country German Exports (Jan.-Dec.)
% change
2012 2011 2012 2011
1. China 73,313 79,168 -2.3 China 66,629 64,762 2.9
2. Japan 21,832 23,545 -7.3 Japan 17,101 15,118 13.1
3. South Korea 8,356 9,534 -12.4 South Korea 13,373 11,665 14.6
4. India 7,219* 7,503 -3.8 India 10,384 10,871 -4.5
5. Taiwan 6,546 6,753 -3.1 Australia 9,334 8,291 12.6
6. Malaysia 5,436 6,084 -10.7 Singapore 6,527 6,443 1.3
7. Vietnam 5,109 3,984 28.2 Hong Kong 5,933 5,893 0.7
8. Singapore 5,096 4,687 8.7 Taiwan 5,780 6,260 -7.7
9. Thailand 4,140 4,051 2.2 Malaysia 4,948 4,341 14.0
10 Indonesia 3,926 4,197 -6.5 Thailand 4,195 3,217 30.4
Total ASEAN 26,771 25,652 4.4 Total ASEAN 22,580 19,602 15.2
Total Asia-Pac. 157,368 161,476 -2.5 Total Asia-Pac. 153,101 144,268 6.1
Total Germany 909,112 901,907 0.8 Total Germany 1,097,349 1,060,036 3.5
1) The 27 countries covered under Asia-Pacific region by the OAV include Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Japan, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Mon-golia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam. * Source: Fed.Stat.Office, Wiesbaden
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
(`billion)
India’s main trading partners within the EU in 2012-2013
Total: `5,596 billion
Germany
847Belgium
UK
Netherlands
Italy
France
Spain
Sweden
Poland
Denmark
1,176
826
708
509
491
255
133
92
68
Source: Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India
Source: OAV - German Asia-Pacific Business Association
Table 12
(Table 12)
Annual Review 2013
47
Indo-German Trade
The top ten destinations for German exports also remain the same in 2012 as in
the previous year. Germany increased its exports to Thailand by over 30% which
is the maximum growth among the top ten importers.
The top ten trading partners for Germany in the Asia-Pacific region are: China, Japan,
South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.
India’s trade with the Asia-Pacific countriesA massive 36% of Indian goods imported from the Asia-Pacific region came from
China during the year Apr.’12-Feb’13 which made it the largest supplier for India.
Next in the ranking and with a substantial gap, was Indonesia (9.8% share) fol-
lowed by South Korea with a 8.9% share. Japan and Australia were the 4th and
4th largest exporters to India with a share of 8.3% and 8.0% of the total Indian
imports from the region. Indonesia moved up a notch from the 3rd place in the
previous fiscal to the 2nd in the last FY. Australia on the other hand came down
from position no.2 (Apr.’11-Mar.’12) to no.5 (Apr.’12-Mar.’13) with its share of
exports to India declining from 9.4% to 8%. The countries of the top ten in the list
of top supplier countries to India, which account for nearly 95% of Indian goods
imported from the Asia-Pacific region, remained the same as in the previous year.
Singapore with a share of 15.6% was the main destination for Indian exports
among the countries of the Asia-Pacific region during Apr.’12-Feb’13. China
with 15.4% was a close second, followed by Hong Kong (14.1%), Japan (7.0%)
and Indonesia (6.1%). India exported more to Bangladesh (5.9%) with the result
that it moved up from 9th to 6th position during the last fiscal. Sri Lanka on the
other hand which was ranked 6th in the previous year, was at no.9 during the
last financial year even though its share in total Indian exports to the Asia-Pac
remained at 4.6%. The composition of the top ten buyers in Asia for India re-
mained the same as in the previous year and together they accounted for nearly
83% of India’s exports to the region.
The top ten trading partners for India among the countries of the Asia-Pacific
region in the year Apr.’12-Feb’13 were: China, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia,
Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand and Taiwan.
0 30000 60000 90000 120000 150000
Germany’s main trading partners in the Asia-Pacific Region (2012)Total: in ¤310,244 million
China 139,942
Japan 38,933
21,729
17,603
12,352
12,326
11,623
10,384
8,335
7,052
South Korea
India
Australia
Taiwan
Singapore
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
India’s trade with the Asia-Pacific countries: Top Ten (in Rs. million)
Country Indian Imports (Apr.’12-Feb’13)
% share*
Country Indian Exports (Apr.’12-Feb’13)
% share*
1. China 2,956,372 35.9 Singapore 739,375 15.6
2 Indonesia 803,889 9.8 China 733,521 15.4
3. South Korea 732,714 8.9 Hong Kong 668,933 14.1
4 Japan 681,098 8.3 Japan 332,088 7.0
5 Australia 654,635 8.0 Indonesia 289,971 6.1
6 Malaysia 568,308 6.9 Bangladesh 279,033 5.9
7. Hong Kong 439,576 5.3 Malaysia 241,360 5.1
8. Singapore 422,112 5.1 South Korea 228,661 4.8
9. Thailand 296,862 3.6 Sri Lanka 216,518 4.6
10. Taiwan 238,458 2.9 Vietnam 215,547 4.5
Total ASEAN 2,373,748 28.8 Total ASEAN 1,793,086 37.7
Total Asia-Pacific
8,229,799 - Total Asia-Pacific
4,753,177 -
Total Worldwide
26,756,414 - Total Worldwide
16,336,348 -
* % share of India’s total imports from the Asia-Pacific region
Note: The 27 countries covered under Asia-Pacific region by the OAV include Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Japan, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam
0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000 2500000 3000000 3500000 4000000
India’s main trading partners in the Asia-Pacific region (2012-2013)Total: `12,982,976 billion
China
Singapore
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Japan
South Korea
Malaysia
Australia
Thailand
Taiwan
3,689,893
1,161,487
1,108,509
1,093,860
1,013,186
961,375
809,668
499,937
403,719
782,550
(¤million)
` billion
Source: Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India
Source: OAV - German Asia-Pacific Business Association
Source: Ministry of Commerce& Industry, Govt. of India
Table 13
(Table 13)
Annual Review 2013
49
Indo-German Trade
Trading with the world
Germany’s Foreign TradeGermany’s economy is very much export-oriented and hence also export-depen-
dent. At the same time, due to scarce natural resources Germany also depends on
imports – in particular, in the energy sector (mineral oil, natural gas).
Germany’s foreign trade 2012: export +3.4%; import +0.7%
In 2012, Germany exported goods worth ¤1,097.3 billion and imported goods
worth ¤909.1 billion. The value of German exports in 2012 exceeded a trillion
euros. Germany’s exports increased by 3.4% and imports by 0.7% in 2012 over
2011. In 2012, the foreign trade balance closed with a surplus of ¤188.3 bil-
lion. In 2011, the foreign trade balance amounted to a surplus of ¤158.7 billion.
The current account of the balance of payment – according to provisional cal-
culations of Deutsche Bundesbank – closed with a surplus of ¤166.9 billion in
2012. In 2011, the surplus recorded by Germany amounted to ¤147.2 billion.
Germany’s most important trading partners 2012
About 69% of exports of goods “Made in Germany” were shipped to European
countries. 57% of all goods were delivered to the member states of the European
Union. The second important sales market for German goods in 2012 was Asia
with a share of about 16%, followed by America, with a share of approximately
12%. Africa and Australia / Oceania only accounted for small percentages of
German exports (2% and 1%, respectively).
The majority of German imports also came from Europe (70%), followed by Asia
(18%) and America (9%). Goods from Africa and Australia / Oceania played just
a subordinate role in imports too (3% and 0.4%, respectively).
In 2012, the top country of destination for German exports was France followed
by the United States and the United Kingdom. Germany exported goods worth
¤104.5 billion to France (9.5% of total German exports), ¤86.8 billion to the
United States (7.9%) and ¤72.1 billion to the United Kingdom (6.6%).
Most of the goods imported to Germany originated from the Netherlands. The
countries ranking second and third were China and France. Germany imported
goods worth ¤86.6 billion from the Netherlands (9.5% of total German imports),
¤77.5 billion from China (8.5%) and ¤64.8 billion from France (7.1%).
Germany’s main export product: motor vehicles
Accounting for 17.3% motor vehicles and parts thereof of exports, was Germany’s
main export product in 2012. Machinery (15.0%) and chemical products (9.5%)
ranked second and third, respectively, among the most important export items.
These three branches account for 41.7% of German exports.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
German Foreign Trade Development in ¤billion
Export
Import
50 60 70 80 90 00 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 = preliminary results
020406080100 0
20
100
Germany’s main trading partners 2012 in ¤ billion
Netherlands 86China 78
France 65United States 51
2 166 Mrd. $1 206
632
556
435
402
323
292
240
1 2061 133
632574
470
320
292
204
The main German goods for resale 2012 in ¤ billion
Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (190)
Machinery and equipment n.e.c. (165)
Chemicals and chemical products (105)
Computer, electronic and optical products (86)
Electrical equipment (66)
Basic metals (58)
Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations (56)
Other transport equipment (51)
Food products (46)
Rubber and plastic products (38)
preliminary results
Italy 49United Kingdom 44Russian Federation 42
Belgium 38Switzerland 38Austria 37
104 France87 United States 73 UK 71 Netherlands 67 China 58 Austria 56 Italy 49 Switzerland 44 Belgium 42 Poland
preliminary results
Import Export
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden
Annual Review 2013
51
Indo-German Trade
India’s Foreign Trade (Table 14)
Exports (including re-exports)
Cumulative value of exports for the period April-March 2012 -13 was US $300.6
billion (Rs 16,352.6 billion) as against US $306.0 billion (Rs 14,659.6 crore) register-
ing a negative growth of nearly 1.8% in Dollar terms and growth of 11.5% in Rupee
terms over the same period last year.
Imports
Cumulative value of imports for the period April-March 2012-13 was US $491.5
billion (Rs. 26,731.1 billion) as against US $489.3 billion (Rs.23,454.6 billion) regis-
tering a growth of 0.4% in Dollar terms and growth of nearly 14% in Rupee terms
over the same period last year.
Crude Oil and Non-Oil Imports
Oil imports during April-March 2012-13 were valued at US $169.2 billion which
was 9.2% higher than the oil imports of US $155.0 billion in the corresponding
period last year.
Non-oil imports during April - March 2012-13 were valued at US $322.2 billion
which was 3.6% lower than the level of such imports valued at US $334.4 bil-
lion in April - March 2011-12.
Trade Balance
The trade deficit for April - March 2012-13 was estimated at US $190.9 billion
which was higher than the deficit of US $183.4 billion during April -March
2011-12.
Source: Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India
India’s exports & imports (US $ billion)
(Provisional)
April-March
Exports (including re-exports)
2011-12 306.0
2012-13 300.6
% growth 2012-13/ 2011-2012
-1.8
Imports
2011-12 489.3
2012-13 491.5
% growth 2012-13/ 2011-2012
0.4
Trade Balance
2011-12 -183.4
2012-13 -190.9
India’s exports & imports (Rs. billion)
(Provisional)
April-March
Exports (including re-exports)
2011-12 14,659.6
2012-13 16,352.6
% growth 2012-13/ 2011-2012
11.5
Imports
2011-12 23,454,6
2012-13 26,731.1
% growth 2012-13/ 2011-2012
14.0
Trade Balance
2011-12 -8,795.0
2012-13 -10,378.5
Table 14