• Bell Ringer: MondayBell Ringer: Monday–What do you know about What do you know about
colonization (exploration)?colonization (exploration)?
–I have your quizzes. Please I have your quizzes. Please track your progresstrack your progress
Reminders
• Track progress!
• Not here Friday? You need to take the quiz tomorrow after school!
Motivations for Exploration• During the Renaissance, a desire
for new trade routes to Asia led to an Age of Exploration:–Led by Spain & Portugal,
explorers found new trade routes, colonies, & people to Christianize
–Colonization in North America led to destruction of Indian culture, permanent settlements for whites, & wealth for European nations
America Prior to the Arrival of Europeans
Locations of Major Indian Groups and Culture Areas in the 1600s
The Columbian Exchange• The arrival of Europeans led to the introduction of new products between Indians & Europeans called the Columbian Exchange:–Indians introduced corn, tobacco,
potatoes, peanuts to whites–Europeans introduced horses,
livestock, citrus, & diseases–An estimated 90% of Indians
died due to European disease
The Spanish Colonies in America
Spanish Colonies in North America
Spanish Colonies in North America• Motivation:
– Trade, religion, land– Mexico, Florida, ‘west coast’
• Economy: Desire for wealth –Used Indian & African slave labor
to mine gold & silver–Built encomiendas (plantations) to
farm cash crops • Government: Royal control
–Spanish colonies were funded & controlled by the monarch
Spanish Colonies in North America• Society: Strictly controlled
–Viceroys were sent to rule–Creoles were white colonists
living in Spanish colonies; had opportunities for land & wealth
• Interaction:inter-marriage with Indians & a mixed-race population (mestizos)–Indians & African slaves made up
the bottom of society
The French Colonies in America
French Colonies in North America
French Colonies in North America• Motivations:
– After Champlain’s attempt to find a NW passage through Canada, he founded Quebec
– The “French crescent” included Canada, the Mississippi River, & New Orleans
–Missionaries converted Native Americans to Catholicism
Like Spain, the French gov’t encouraged
converting Indians & establishing missions
French Colonies in North America• Government: Royal control
–The French colonies were strictly controlled by royal governors
• Economy: Desire for fur trade –Most French colonists profited
from the fur trade, small-scale farming, or lumbering
• Society/Interaction: Friendly with Indians –Because the French needed furs,
they were the most friendly with the local Native Americans
The English Colonies in America
The English Colonies• Motivation/Reasons: In the 1600s,
English settlers arrived in North America–English colonization differed from
Spanish & French because the English gov’t had no desire to create a centralized empire in the New World
–Different motivations by English settlers led to different types of colonies
Migrating to the English Colonies• 17th century England faced major
social changes:–The most significantly was a
boom in population; Competition for land, food, jobs led to a large mobile population (vagrants?)
–People had choices: could move to cities, Ireland, Netherlands, or America (but this was most expensive & dangerous)
British Colonies in North America
British Colonies in North America• Motivations: Many different
reasons– Economic: Escape poverty or
gain wealth from cash crop farming
–Religious: For religious freedom & to escape religious persecution
• As a result, the British colonies were very different from each other & were never very unified
British Colonies in North America• Government:
–The colonies differed from French & Spanish because the British gov’t had no desire to create a centralized empire in America
–Britain developed a policy called salutary neglect in which the colonists could create local laws & taxes in their colonial assemblies
–Royal governors were sent by the king, but they had little power
British Colonies in North America• Economy &
Society: –The societies
& economies of the British colonies were dependent upon the reasons people settled
Closure Activity
• In order to review the Spanish, French, Dutch, & British colonies, students will be presented with a series of “potential immigrants” to North America. For each person:
–Determine the best colonial region for that person to move to
–Provide a brief explanation that supports your decision
Potential Immigrant:A poor, unmarried man
looking to make his fortune
Potential Immigrant:A person with
very religious beliefs
Potential Immigrant:A woman looking for new opportunities in America
Potential Immigrant:A person looking for
political freedom & the ability help make laws
Potential Immigrant:A Native American
looking for freedom from European control
Potential Immigrant:A person who enjoys living
“where the action is” (a place where something
exciting is always happening)
Potential Immigrant:A father looking for safety &
security for his family
Potential Immigrant:An entrepreneur looking for a
location to open a business specializing in shipping