Basic principle in neuroanatomy
Basic principle in neuroanatomy Planes and directions
Nervous system : anatomically1. CNS ( Central nervous system )BrainSpinal cord
2. PNS ( Peripheral nervous system )Cranial nervesSpinal nerves
Central nervous systemBrainCerebrum ( Forebrain )Cerebellum Brain stem
Spinal cordWhite matterGray matter
Cerebrum ( forebrain ) Neocortex 14 Gray matterMultipolar neuronBipolar neuronPseudounipolar neuron
Neuron Cell body ( Soma , Perikaryon )PlasmaCytoplasmNucleusDendritesAxonAxon hillockTelodendriaMyelin sheath
Cerebrum ( forebrain )Cerebral hemisphere 5 lobes
Frontal lobeParietal lobeOccipital lobeTemporal lobeInsula lobe
Cerebrum ( forebrain )Frontal lobePrecentral gyrus / anterior paracentral lobuleMotor area ( homunculus , pyramidal tract )Superior frontal gyrusPremotor area ( extrapyramidal tract )Middle frontal gyrusVoluntary conjugate eye movementExners areaInferior frontal gyrusBrocas area ( motor speech area )Prefrontal cortexWorking memory
Cerebrum ( forebrain )Parietal lobePostcentral gyrus / posterior paracentral lobuleSensory areaSuperior parietal lobuleSensory association cortexInferior parietal lobuleSupramarginal gyrusWernikes areaAngular gyrusArcuate fasciculus , splenium of corpus callosum
Cerebrum ( forebrain )Occipital lobe
Visual area / Calcarine cortexVisual radiation / Geniculocalcarine tractVisual association areaFollowing conjugate ( Pursuit ) eye movementsAccommodation center
Cerebrum ( forebrain )Temporal lobe Superior temporal gyrusPrimary auditory cortex Middle temporal gyrusInferior temporal gyrusFusiform gyrusParahippocampal gyrusUncus
Cerebrum ( forebrain )Insula lobeSecondary ascending gustatory tract : Secondary ascending visceral tract :
Cerebrum ( forebrain )Limbic lobe
Septal area ( Paraolfactory area ) : Frontal lobeCingulate gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus : Temporal lobeUncus : Temporal lobe
Cerebrum ( forebrain )
Visual cortex
Auditory cortex
Insula & postcentral gyrus
Lateral olfactory area
Sensory area
Motor area
Working memory : Prefrontal area
Recent memory : Hippocampus
Remote memory : Temporal , Parietal , Occipital lobe
Hypothalamus , Limbic system
limbic LTM emotion motivation
Limbic system & NeocortexNeocortexPrimary motor cortexPrimary sensory cortexAssociation cortexLimbic system HippocampusDentate gyrusAmygdalaParahippocampal gyrusCingulate gyrusSubcallosal gyrus
Brocas areaExners areaWernickes area
Central nervous systemCerebrumBasal gangliaThalamusHypothalamusEpithalamusSubthalamus CerebellumMidbrainPonsMedullaSpinal cord
Basal ganglia
Commissures Association fibersLong AFShort AF ( U fibers )Commissural fibersCorpus callosumProjection fibersAscending afferent fibersDescending efferent fibers
Diencephalon ThalamusHypothalamusEpithalamusSubthalamus
Thalamus
Thalamus Thalamus proprioception cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Hypothalamus somatic Autonomic
Epithalamus
Subthalamus
Brain stem and Cerebellum
Spinal cord