Baltic HELCOM Stakeholder Conference
7 March 2006, p Eutrophication, and the new HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan
How to end Eutrophication – important components for a Baltic Sea Action Plan
Gunnar NorénCCB Executive secretary
AGRICULTURE and EUTROPHICATION
Baltic agriculture – contribute with approx 50 % of the nutrient load
Input - Output Agricultural Sweden
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Year
N kg
/ha
Tot. input
Artifiz. fertilizer
Output agric prod
Surplus
Input - Output Agriculture Finland
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Year
N kg
/ha
Tot. input
Artifiz. fertilizer
Output agric prod
Surplus
Input - Output Agriculture Poland
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 9520
00
Year
N k
g/h
a
Tot. input
Artifiz. fertilizer
Output agric prod
Surplus
Agricultural production – a Systematic Error ?
variability of the wild Baltic salmon.*Intensive agriculture practices
*Specialisation of agricultural production (crop production farms)(animal production farms)
-create inbalance in nutrient use
-create surplus of nutrients on agricultural land
- such farms, incl. its vicinity areas, are not Nutrient-
balanced
Input N kg/ha
Out putN kg/ha
Artificial
Fertilizers 150+ seed + depos.
Grain 100( Feed 80 %)
Surplus and Losses 50
Nitrogen balance N kg /ha and year Average , 265 crop farms according “greppa näringen” Sweden, 2005 )
Separation and Specialisation
in crop production farms and …
Input 264 N kg/ha Out put
106 N kg/ha
Purchased feed 142 + seed
Fertilizers 122+ N-fix + depos.
Own feed
134 Animal products 74
Nitrogen and phosphorus balance N kg/ha and year example of a specialised animal farm Dairy farm Malmöhus County Sweden kg ( A.Granstedt/ Agriculture,
Ecosystems and environment 80,2000, 169-185)
..and specialised Animal production farms
Surplus 166
Animal manure 32
Future agriculture production in the Baltic Sea Region
variability of the wild Baltic salmon.-Unclear if
*Intensive agriculture practices
*Specialisation of agricultural production
can continue – if we plan to solve the Baltic Eutrophication problem
NEEDED:
An unbiassed discussion about the FUTURE AGRI-PRODUCTION IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION WITHOUT EUTROPHICATION
Environment sector must be brave enough to start such discussion with the AGRI-sector
INITIATIVES FROM BALTIC MINISTERS OF ENVIRONMENT
Decided at CBSS Baltic Min of Env meeting, Luleå, Sweden, August 2004 to
- invite Baltic Ministers of Agriculture to discuss agriculture and connected environmental problems, with Baltic Ministers of Environment
No such meeting has been organised so far.
Very important to invite for such meeting in autumn 2006, as an important input to development of HELCOM new Action Plan.
And start a proper preparation with all Baltic ministries of agriculture and environment - now.
Baltic Sea Region should influence the new CAP after 2007
-Create EU Agri-subsidies system that contribute in solving the Baltic Eutrophication problem
- Combine Agri-subsidies, with strict requirements for BAP in Agriculture
- Give Extra Agri-subsidies, to farms that apply high environmental standards to avoid run-off
- Give Extra Agri-subsidies, to farms that apply high environmental standards to avoid run-off
manure storage for 9 months
no spreading of fertilisers in autumn (no green fields) and winter-time
wider buffer zones, no spreading of fertilisers, alond watercourses and ditches
requirement on Balanced Fertilisation at farm level or at ”local area” level
full and proper implementation of the EU - IPPC directive on Industrial farms
Baltic Sea Region countries should agree on a Common Proposal for coming EU Agri-subsidies in the Baltic Sea Region, and present such proposals to EC
• Nutrient extensive agriculture today
• Small-scale diversified farms (Poland)
• Large unused areas (Latvia)
New EU states
Risk for separation, specialisation and intensification
Higher nutrient leakage
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED MUNICIPALITIES AND SINGLE FAMILY-HOMES
Recent review - by the Country Water Partnerships of GWP CEE - indicates that * small and dispersed communities (less then 2 000 p. e.) are inhabited by 20 to 40 percent of the total population of the CEE countries,
* which represents about 20 to 40 millions of inhabitants.
* they constitute large but usually economically less
successful segment of our societies.
Studies made by municipalities in Sweden and Finland show that
- 85 % of the total P-load come from rural areas in the municipality (Östhammar, Sweden)
- 80-90 % of all nutrient come from single family-homes
- Swedish Commission on the Marine Environment concluded in 2003
Single family-homes contribute with 1/3 of the P-load1/10 of the N-loadfrom point sources along the Swedish coast
Conclusion is:- Coordinated actions are needed to fight the Nutrient load from small settlements,as an important component to solve the Baltic eutrophication problem
New regulations for wastewater treatment in Finland
In the beginning of 2004 new regulations for wastewater treatment for households outside the municipal sewer network were introduced in Finland.
Single family-homes will have to fulfil same standards for wastewater treatment as for canalised municipal wastewater treatment plants.
90 % BOD reduction , of max 50 gram organic matter /day
85 % P-reduction , of max 2.2 gram P /day
40 % N-reduction , of max 14 gram N /day
All new houses from 2004, and Older houses from 2014
Average investment per house , 3000 – 5000 Euros
HELCOM should:
- develop a new Actions/Recommendation on Requirements for high standards on Wastewater management for small-and medium-sized municipalities in Baltic catchment (Less then 2000 p.e.)(between 2000 – 10 000 p.e.)
- develop new Action/Recommendation for wastewater standards for single family-homes
- develop Action/Recommendation to phase-out all detergents and washing powder with phosphorus content, within 3-5 years
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