Updates on Management of Cucurbits and Tomato
Diseases
Mohammad BabadoostUniversity of [email protected] February 2017
Cucurbits & Tomato Diseases ______________________________________ New chemicals Fungicides Cucurbit powdery mildew Cucurbit downy mildew Cucurbits Phytophthora blight Cucurbit bacterial spot Tomato bacterial spot Tomato Septoria leaf blight Tomato Sclerotinia blight Babadoost
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesBenzovindiflupyr[FRAC Code: 7]
Aprovia Blueberries Leaf rust, Septoria leaf spot Grape Alternaria rot, angular leaf
spot, anthracnose, black rot, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, powdery mildew
Pome fruit Alternaria blotch, cedar-apple rust, quince rust, Scab, sooty blotch/flyspeck, fruit rots,
Difenoconazole + Benzovindiflupyr[FRAC Code: 3 + 7]
AproviaTop
Blueberries Leaf rust, Septoria leaf spot
Cucurbits Several fungal diseases
Fruiting vegetables
Several fungal diseases
Peas/beans Several fungal diseases
Tuberous vegetables
Several fungal diseases
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesAzoxystrobin + Benzovindiflupyr[FRAC Code: 11 + 7]
Elatus Potato Black dot, Rhizoctonia canker, silver scurf
Sweet corn
Several fungal diseases (rust, blight, gray leaf spot, …
Oxathiapiprolin [FRAC Code: U15]
Orondis Gold 200
Cucurbits Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici)
Fruiting vegetables
Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici)
Leafy vegetables
Downy mildew
Mefenoxam [FRAC Code: 4]
Orondis Gold B
Cucurbits Damping-off (Pythiumspp.)
Fruiting vegetables
Damping-off and Phytophthora diseases
Leafy vegetables
Damping-off (Pythiumspp.)
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name Trade Name Crop DiseasesOxathiapiprolin [FRAC Code: U15]
Orondis Opti A
Brassicas Downy mildewBulb veget. Downy mildewCucurbits Downy mildew and
Phytophthora blightFruiting vegetables
Downy mildew and Phytophthora diseases
Ginseng Phytophthora root rotPotato Late blight
Chlorothalonil [FRAC Code: M5]
Orondis Opti B
Brassicas Alternaria and downy mildewBulb veget. Several fungal diseasesCucurbits Several fungal disease Fruiting veg. Several fungal diseases Ginseng Alternaria and gray moldPotato Several fungal diseases
Orondis Opti A and Orondis Opti B should be mixed
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name Trade Name Crop DiseasesOxathiapiprolin[FRAC Code: U15]
Orondis Ultra A
Brassicas Downy mildewBulb veget. Downy mildewCucurbits Downy mil. & PhytophthoraFruiting vegetables
Downy mildew and Phytophthora diseases
Ginseng Phytophthora root rotLeafy veget. Downy mildewPotato Late blight
Mandipropamid[FRAC Code: 40]
Orondis Ultra B
Brassicas Downy mildewBulb veget. Downy mildewCucurbits Downy mil. & PhytophthoraFruiting veg. Downy mild. & PhytophthoraGinseng Phytophthora root rotLeafy veget. Downy mildewPotato Late blight
Orondis Ultra A and Orondis Ultra B should be mixed
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesPolyoxin[FRAC Code: 19]
OSO SC Brassicas Several fungal diseases
Bulb veget. Several fungal diseases
Carrot Several fungal diseases
Citrus Several fungal diseases
Cucurbits Several fungal diseases
Fruiting veg. Several fungal diseases
Grape Gray mold, powdery mildew
Leafy veget. Several fungal diseases
Legumes Several fungal diseases
Pome fruit Scab, powdery mildew
Potato Early & late blights, white mol.
Stone fruit Botrytis, powdery mildew
Isofetamid [FRAC Code: 7]
Kenja400SC
Grape Botrytis bunch rot
Lettuce Sclerotinia drop
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesFluopyram [FRAC Code: 7]
Luna Privi-lege
Artichoke Several fungal diseases
Blueberry Several fungal diseases
Brassicas Several fungal diseases
Carrot Several fungal diseases
Cherry Brown rot, cherry leaf spot, powdery mildew, scab,
Dill Several fungal diseases
Citrus Fungal diseases
Pome Fruits Scab, powdery mildew, sooty blotch/flyspeck
Grape Several fungal diseases
Ginseng Several fungal diseases
Herbs Gray mold, powdery mildew
Leafy green Several fungal diseases
Legumes Several fungal diseases
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesFluopyram [FRAC Code: 7]
Continues
Luna Privi-lege
Cucurbits Several fungal diseases
Bulb veget. Several fungal diseases
Tomato Several fungal diseases
Root veget. Several fungal diseases
Fluopyram + Tebuconazole [FRAC Code: 7 + 3]
Luna Expe-rience
Almond Several fungal diseases
Pecan Several fungal diseases
Pistachio Several fungal diseases
Grape Several fungal diseases
Watermelon Gray mold, powdery mildew
Fluopyram + Trifloxystrobin[FRAC Code: 7 + 11]
Luna Sensa-tion
Almond Several fungal diseases
Apple Scab, powdery mildew, rust, sooty blotch/flyspeck, fruit rot
Cherry Several fungal diseases
Watermelon Several fungal diseases
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesAzoxystrobin [FRAC Code: 11]
Aframe Almond Several fungal diseases
Artichoke Ramularia leaf spot
Asparagus Purple spot
Blueberry Several fungal diseases
Brassicas Several fungal diseases
Bulb veget. Several fungal diseases
Carrot Several fungal diseases
Celery Several fungal diseases
Citrus Several fungal diseases
Cucurbits Several fungal diseases
Fruiting veg. Gray mold, powdery mildew
Grape Several fungal diseases
Herbs Several fungal diseases
Leafy veget. Several fungal diseases
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesAzoxystrobin [FRAC Code: 11]
Continues
Aframe Legumes Several fungal diseases
Pecans Anthracnose, scab
Potato Several fungal diseases
Stone Fruits Brown rot, scab, powdery mildew, shot hole
Tomato Several fungal diseases
Tree nuts Several fungal diseases
Root/Tub ve Several fungal diseases
Azoxystrobin + propiconazole [FRAC Code: 11 + 3]
AframePlus
Beans Several fungal diseases Berries Several fungal diseasesBulb veget. Several fungal diseases
Celery Early blight, late blight
Stone Fruits Brown rot, scab, powdery mildew, shot hole
Strawberry Several fungal diseases
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name Trade
NameCrop Diseases
Bladpolypeptide [FRAC Code: U]
Fracture SC
Grape Gray mold, powdery mildew
Strawberry Gray mold, powdery mildew
Tomato Gray mold, powdery mildew
Fluoxastrobin[FRAC Code: 11]
After-shock SC
Sweet corn Several fungal diseases
Fruiting vegetables
Early blight, late blight, southern blight
Strawberry Anthracnose, gray mold, powdery mold, Rhizoctonia
Leafy vegetables
Cercospora blight, late blight, Rhizoctonia root rot
Cucurbits Several fungal diseases
Tuberous vegetables
Early blight, late blight, silver scurf, black dot
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name Trade
NameCrop Diseases
Fluoxastrobin[FRAC Code: 11]
Evito480 SC
Sweet corn Several fungal diseases
Fruiting vegetables
Early blight, late blight, southern blight
Strawberry Anthracnose, gray mold, powdery mold, Rhizoctonia
Leafy vegetables
Cercospora blight, late blight, Rhizoctonia root rot
Cucurbits Several fungal diseases
Tuberous vegetables
Early blight, late blight, silver scurf, black dot
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop Diseases
Thiophanate-methy + propiconazol[FRAC Code: 1 + 3]
Protocol SC
Almond Several fungal diseases
Pecan Several fungal diseases
Stone fruits Several fungal diseases
Strawberry Anthracnose, rust, Cercospora spot, gray mold
Tetraconazole[FRAC Code: 3]
Mettle 125 ME
Gooseberry Powdery mildew
Grape Black rot
Strawberry Powdery mildew
New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesBacillus mycoides, isolate J [Biocontrol agent]
LifeGardWG
Almond Alternaria disease
Citrus Citrus canker
Brassicas Downy mildew
Cucurbits Anthracnose, downy mildew, gummy stem, powdery mild.
Fruiting vegetable
Bacterial spot & speck, early blight, gray mold, late blight
Grape Downy mildew
Lettuce Downy mildew, powdery mild.
Legumes White mold
Pecan Pecan scab
Pone fruit Fire blight
Potato Early & late blights, white mol.
Spinach Downy mildew, leaf spot
LifeGard can be used in organic production
Powdery Mildew on Cucurbits______________________________________
Serious disease on: Pumpkins (JOL & processing) Squash (summer & winter) Melons
Babadoost
Powdery Mildew: Symptoms_____________________________________
Symptoms & Sings Powdery fungal growth
(Mycelium and conidia) Infected tissues Vines Petioles Upper and lower leaf surfaces Fruit stems
Babadoost
Powdery Mildew: vine infection
Babadoost
Powdery Mildew: lower surface of leaf
Babadoost
Powdery Mildew: fruit stemsBabadoost
Powdery Mildew: upper surfaces of leaves
Babadoost
Our Powdery Mildew Project _____________________________________
Identify pathogen species Determine genetic variation Disease Management
Babadoost
ItalyChile
Locations of powdery mildew samplesBabadoost
Powdery Mildew Pathogens_____________________________________
Two reported fungal species Podosphaera xanthii Erysiphe cichoracearum
More than 200 powdery mildew samples showed that only Podosphaera xanthii is in the US
Babadoost
Variation among isolates of powderymildew fungus
Babadoost
Reproductive bodies of Podosphaera xanthii
Pathogen Mating Types: 1 and 2
Babadoost
Fungal Characteristics ____________________________________
Obligate parasite (biotrophic) Heterothalic (mating types) Sexual state: cleistothecium Asexual state: conidia Feed on epidermal cells Races have been documented
Babadoost
Powdery Mildew Characteristics Occurrence: annually occurring Initial inoculum: conidia Inoculum sources: southern states and
greenhouses Conidia viability: 7-8 days Disease cycle: in 3-7 Favored: dryness with RH (50-100%) Temperatures: 50-90°F (68-80°F) Rain and water: unfavorable Yield losses: significant Babadoost
Expected Time for Powdery Mildew in Illinois ______________________________________
South: around July 15 Central and North: after July 20
Babadoost
Important Management Points ______________________________________
Powdery mildew develops first on vines
Then, powdery mildew moves onto lower leaf surfaces
Powdery mildew on upper leaf surfaces indicates outbreaks
Babadoost
Effective Management of cucurbit Powdery Mildew _________________________________
Plant resistance Chemical control
Babadoost
Powdery Mildew Management ______________________________________
Plant resistance Resistant/tolerant cultivars of
cantaloupe, cucumber, squash, pumpkin
Babadoost
Crop Cultivar Crop CultivarCucumber Carolina Winter
squash, acorn
Royal AceEureka Table StarThunder Taybelle PM
Melon Athena Zucchini PayrollEclipse SebringMarygold Pumpkin AladdinPrimo GladiatorSavor Majic Lantern
Summer squash, yellow
Patriot II MerlinSunglo Pure GoldSunray
Cucurbits Resistant/Tolerant to Powdery Mildew
Babadoost
Pumpkin & Squash:Aprovia Top (3,7)Fontelis (7)Inspire Super (3,9)Luna Experience (3,7)Luna Sensation (7,11)Merivon (7,11)Microthiol (S) (M)Monsoon (3)Pristine (7,11)Procure (3), Rally (3)Quintec (13)Torino (U6)Toledo (3), Vibe (3)Vivando (U8)
Cantaloupe, Cucumber, Watermelon:
Aprovia Top (3,7)Fontelis (7)Inspire Super (3,9)Luna Experience (3,7)Luna Sensation (7,11)Merivon (7,11)Microthiol (S) (M)Monsoon (3)Pristine (7,11)Procure (3), Rally (3)Quintec (13)Torino (U6)Vivando (U8)
Fungicides for Cucurbit Powdery Mildew
Most Effective Fungicides for Management of Pumpkin and Squash Powdery Mildew, Illinois______________________________________ Quintec, Procure, TorinoWeekly spray of Quintec
alternated with Torino or Procure (from the first sign of the disease until the end of August) Babadoost
Downy Mildew and Its Management
Babadoost
Downy mildew on cucumberBabadoost
A pumpkin filed with downy mildew-infected plants Babadoost
Cucurbit Downy Mildew ______________________________________
Downy mildew: a fungal disease Pathogen:
Pseudoperonospora cubensis Occurrence:
may or may not occur in Illinois Importance: devastating disease Management: effective fungicides
Babadoost
Management of Downy Mildew___________________________________________________
Monitoring pathogen movement:www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/pp/cucurbit
Field scouting is very important
Accurate disease diagnosis is essential
Fungicide applicationsBabadoost
Fungicide Leaf infection (%)Control 19.14 aRevus 0.14 cdForum 1.30 b-dGavel 0.25 cdOmega 0.00 dPresidio 0.15 cdProPhyt 0.18 cdRanman 1.23 bcdRidomil Gold Copper 0.85 bcdTanos 1.80 bcZampro 0.15 cdZing 0.59 bcd
Downy Mildew Control, 2015
Effective Management of Downy Mildew of Cucurbits ______________________________________
Fungicides for downy mildew - Revus + Bravo Weather - Omega + Bravo Weather- Orondis Ultra + Bravo Weather- Orondis Opti
Babadoost
Phytophthora Blight (Phytophthora capsici)
and Its Management
Babadoost
BabadoostPumpkin fruit infection by P. capsici
Cucurbit fruit infection by P. capsiciBabadoost
Management of Phytophthora Blight of Cucurbits
____________________________________________________
Recommended practices ≥3 years of crop rotations Seed treatment with Apron XL LS
(0.64 fl oz/100 lb seed) Avoid using contaminated water Disk localized infected plants (areas) Fungicide applications (spray)
Babadoost
Effective Fungicides for Phytophthora Blight _____________________________________
Revus + Kocide-3000 Alt. Orondis Opti (or Ranman or Tanos) + Kocide-3000
Babadoost
Phytophthora Blight in Bean _____________________________________
A sanitation problem: disinfest your hands after touching infected fruit and before touching uninfected fruits
Babadoost
Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas cucurbitae)
and Its Management
Babadoost
Babadoost
Bacterial spot of pumpkin
Our Project on Bacterial Spot _____________________________________
A disease of pumpkins and winter squash
Pathogen survives more than 24 months in the field
Pathogen survives more than 20 months in seeds
Seed-borne inoculum can be eradicated by hot-water Babadoost
Our Project on Bacterial Spot _____________________________________ Seed-borne inoculum can be
eradicated by HCl No resistant cultivar is available Crop rotation of > 2 years Chemical control: Dithane-M +
copper + Regalia
Babadoost
Abiotic and Biotic Diseases of Tomato
Abiotic disorders of tomato Babadoost
Bacterial Spot of Tomato______________________________________Pathogen: Xanthomonas
campestris pv. vesicatoria Occurrence: most prevalent
bacterial disease of tomato in Illinois, especially in the south
Damage: mainly foliage necrosis
Babadoost
BabadoostBacterial spot on tomato leaves
BabadoostBacterial spot on flower stems
BabadoostBacterial spot of tomato fruit
Bacterial Spot of Tomatoes-2016, VandaliaFoliage Dis Sev (%) 19 Aug
Treatment # Spray Mt. F. Dixie R..
Control (check) 0 4 a-c 15 aPhyton Spectrum XP (40 oz/A) 8 4 a-c 9 abDithane (2 lb) + Kocide-3000 (1.5 lb) 8 3 cd 21 cdQuintec+Kocide /Dithane+Kocide 8 1 d 2.5 dQuadris+Kocide /Brav WS+Kocide 8 4 a-c 6.5 b-dKocide + Manzate Pro Stick (1.5 lb) 8 2.5 b-d 5.5 b-dRegalia (32 fl oz) + Manzate Pro S. 8 4.5 ab 11 ab Cueva (32 fl oz) + Double Nikel 8 6 a 10.50 abReliant (64 fl oz) 8 5 ab 8 b-d
Bacterial Spot of Tomatoes-2016, VandaliaFoliage Dis Sev (%) 17 Sep
Treatment # Spray Mt. F. Dixie R..
Control (check) 0 41 a 60 aPhyton Spectrum XP (40 oz/A) 8 26 b-d 36 d-fDithane (2 lb) + Kocide-3000 (1.5 lb) 8 14 e 24 fQuintec+Kocide /Dithane+Kocide 8 12.5 e 25 efQuadris+Kocide /Brav WS+Kocide 8 26 b-d 35 d-fKocide + Manzate Pro Stick (1.5 lb) 8 19 de 37.5 c-eRegalia (32 fl oz) + Manzate Pro S. 8 22.5 c-e 36 d-f Cueva (32 fl oz) + Double Nikel 8 27.5 b-d 38 cdReliant (64 fl oz) 8 35 ab 47.5 a-d
Septoria Blight /Bacterial Spot of Tomato -2016, Champaign, IL .
Foliage blight .Treatment # Spray 12 Sep (%).
Control (check) 0 81.25 aQuintec (6 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb)alt Dithane-M (2 lb) + Kocide (1.5 lb) 8 20.00 bQuadris (6.2 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb)alt Bravo W.S. (2 pt) + Kocide (1.5 lb) 8 15.00 bRegalia (32 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb) alt Regalia + Manzate Pro Stivck (1.5 lb) 8 13.50 b
Management of Tomato Diseases _______________________________________ Major diseases:
Septoria leaf blight and bacterial leaf spot
Effective treatments for bacteria: Quintec (6 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb)Alt. Dithane-M(2lb)+Kocide (1.5 lb)
ORQuintec (6 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb)Alt. BravoW.S.(2pt)+Kocide(1.5 lb)
Septoria Leaf Blight of Tomato______________________________________
Fungal Diseases: Septoria lycopersici
Leaf infection, foliar blight Seed- and residue-borne disease Plant infection throughout the
season A devastating disease, Illinois
Babadoost
Septoria leaf spot & blight of tomatoBabadoost
Management of Septoria Blight of Tomato _____________________________________
Cultural practices Plant pathogen-free seed Crop rotation: 3 years Remove debris after harvest
Chemical controlQuadris Alt. Chlorothalonil
Babadoost
Sclerotinia Blight (White Mold) of Tomato
Babadoost
White Molds (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)Babadoost
White Molds (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)Babadoost
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
A
Babadoost
Sclerotinia Blight of Tomato ____________________________________ Disease: a fungal disease Pathogen: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Status: a soil-born pathogen Pathogen survival: as sclerotia Favorable conditions: wet Infection site: stem and flower Symptoms: water-soaked lesions
and plant blight, with sclerotiaBabadoost
Sclerotinia Blight of Tomato .
Management: is difficult (air-born & soil-born inoculi, large host-range
Cultural practices Resistant cultivars not available Dry soil surface Sub-surface drip irrigation Low plant densities Stake plants Remove infected plants
Spray: Cabrio, Contans (a fungus), Priaxor
Babadoost
Questions/Comments