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AUTOPSY OF HEART
EXTERNAL EXAMINATION
MODERATOR
DR.KUMUDA CHALAM PROFESSOR
presenter
B.S.Chaithanya
PG
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TYPICAL GROSS
DESCRIPTION The heart (_____ g) is normally formed/other and located in
its usual position in the left chest/other, with its apex pointing to
the left/right/midline.
There is a minimal/moderate/large amount of epicardial fat.
The epicardial surface is glistening and smooth/ other.
The atrial chambers are not dilated/dilated.
The interatrial septum is intact/other.
The atrioventricular connections arepresent/other, and the
leaflets of the atrioventricular valves are thin and
delicate/other. The chordae tendineae are thin/other. The interventricular
septum is intact/other. The myocardium is firm and red-
brown/other.
The right and left ventricular free walls measure ___cm and
____ cm, respectively. The outflow tracts are widel atent/other and the semilunar
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The pulmonary artery is of appropriate caliber andconfiguration/other; its intimal surface is glistening andintact/other.
The coronary arteries course over the surface of theheart in the usual fashion/other. There is balanced/ rightdominant/left dominant coronary artery circulation.
The coronary arteries are patent/other and free ofatherosclerosis/other.
The ascending aorta is of the usual caliber and archesleft/other before descending along the left/other side ofthe vertebral column.
The major arteries arise from the aortic arch anddescending aorta in the usual configuration/other andare patent/
other. The intimal surface of the aorta is smooth/other. The
venae
cavae and other major veins are patent and thinwalled/other.
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The heart (_____ g)
easy way to remember is heartwts 4-5% of body weight .
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is normally formed/other and
located in its usual position in
the left chest/other Heart lies in the mediastinum with long
axis oriented from the hypogastrium
towards the right shoulder. Only a
small bare area is seen otherwise, it is
covered by the right and left lungs .
Two thirds of the anterior surface ofthe heart is formed by the RV and one
third by LV.
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Situs solitus with dextrocardia or situsinversus with levocardia indicate
complex anamolies there fore look for
venous anamolies .
Trace the pulmonary veins before
separating the abdominal viscera .
Check the superior venocava, often
there is a left SVC draining into thecoronary sinus or the left atria .
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its apex pointing to the
left/right/midline.
Levocardia
apex pointing to the left.
Mesocardia- apex pointing to the
midline.
Dextrocardia- apex pointing to theright .
Th i
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There is a
minimal/moderate/large amount
of epicardial fat Increased epicardial and subepicardialfat: obesity, aging
Th t i l h b t
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The atrial chambers are notdilated/dilated.
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Increased chamber size: left atrial chamberwith aging;
valvular insufficiency;
left-sided heart failure due to ischemic heart
disease, hypertension,
aortic/mitral valve abnormalities;
nonischemic myocardial diseases;
isolated primary right ventricular dilation andsecondary right atrial dilation due to right-sided heart failure from chronic pulmonaryhypertension
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The interatrial
septum is intact/other.