Integrating renewables and
energy storageAtle Harby, SINTEF
Magnus Korpås and Ånund Killingtveit, NTNU
Main problem with
Wind and Solar Power:
- Intermittent
- Highly variable
- Low predictability
- Non-Dispatchable
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
01.11.2012
06.11.2012
11.11.2012
16.11.2012
21.11.2012
26.11.2012
Solar (PV)
Wind
Wind + Solar PV are both highly intermittent and Non-Dispatchable
Observed Wind energy production Maximum: 44995 MW
In a system with 76013 MW Minimum: 1272 MW
installed capacity (Stadium 2012) Typical: 15400 MW
Capacity Factor: 0.20
Wind power production Western Europe (ES, FR, DE, DK, GB, IR) i 2012
Source: Paul-Frederik Bach , DK
System capacity: 30 000 MW
Solar PV in Germany 3 different days in i 2013
Source: Paul-Frederik Bach , DK
Norwegian hydro and Danish wind
Generation
in Norway
Load in
Norway
MWh
20 000
15 000
10 000
18 Oct 20 Oct 22 Oct 24 Oct
Norwegian hydro exporting Danish wind cover underproduction
Export
Import
JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian
Solar PV + hydropower
www.eera-set.euPage 6
Lindberg, “Impact of ZEB on the energy system”
Zero Energy
Building
el IMPORTel EXPORT
el EXPORT
EL demand
HEAT
demand
System boundary
. = 0
bio IMPORT
• Net zero
– Annual basis
• Energy efficient
building
– Reduced heat
demand
• On-site
production
– Exporting
electricity in
summer
Lindberg, “Impact of ZEB on the energy system”
Scope of study• Large introduction of ZEBs
– Energy efficient and energy producing
buildings
• How will this affect the power
system?
– Utilisation of hydro power reservoirs?
– Price formation in the power market?
– Norway’s ability to trade capacity
towards Europe? Photo: NVE
Lindberg, “Impact of ZEB on the energy system”
Model
• Assumptions on ZEBs
– 50 % of Norwegian building stock is ZEB in 2030
– PV generation 17 TWh/a (20 GW) in 2030
• EMPS model 2030
– Minimises total system cost
– Stochastic optimisation
– 30 scenario years (climatic)
– Time horison: 1 year, with 3hr time resolution
– Unit commitment and dispatch
Lindberg, “Impact of ZEB on the energy system”
Power Prices
• Average power prices
– Annual average price: -9 to -15 %
– Profile in summer is turned upside-down
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 7 1319 1 7 1319 1 7 1319
Thursday Friday Saturday
Price (
ore
NO
K/k
Wh)
Winter. NO2.
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 7 1319 1 7 1319 1 7 1319
Thursday Friday Saturday
Summer. NO2.
BAU
ZEB_DIR
ZEB_HP
ZEB_OTH
Lindberg, “Impact of ZEB on the energy system”
Power Exchange
• Average Nordic power balance– Increasing from +36 TWh (BAU) to +60 TWh (ZEB_HP)
– Massive export to UK, NL, DE & Balticum
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
1
256
511
766
102
1
127
6
153
1
178
6
204
1
229
6
255
1
280
6
MW
3hr-period of the year
Net export from Norway. All connections in total.
BAU
ZEB_HP
66 %
90 %
max export
max import
JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian
Pumped storage + batteries
www.eera-set.euPage 12
Photo:
Alstom
JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian
PHES
Introduction of Norwegian PHES decrease coal power
Battery reduces the OCGT capacity
The additional capacity with a capacity market is OCGT
Results: Installed Capacity
Energy-only market Energy market & Capacity market
Insta
lled
ca
pa
city
[GW
]
No storage Battery PHESNo storage Battery0
50
100
250
200
150
300
JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian
Results: Installed Capacity
PHES + Batteries in the same
system: Nearly the same
installed capacity.
Increased base load capacity.
Decreased mid-merit
capacity.
This suggests that both
technologies are needed in
the system.
Insta
lled
capacity
[GW
]
No storage PHES Battery PHES+Battery0
50
100
150
200
250
JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian
Which storage technology?
BATTERY
Sto
rag
e le
ve
l(G
Wh
) PUMPED STORAGE16000
Hour of the year
Sto
rag
e le
ve
l(G
Wh
)
50
JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian
Which storage technology?
PHES need a bigger price difference due to higher losses
PHES can store much more due to abundant reservoir capacity
Hybrid systems – El Hierro island
Hybrid systems – El Hierro island
Hybrid systems – El Hierro island
Wind power
Pumped hydro
Daslination plant
Diesel for back-up
Romania
JP ES SCM-10 21. March 2017 San Sebastian
www.eera-set.euPage 21