ASTM CANDLE ASTM CANDLE SAFETY STANDARDSSAFETY STANDARDS
PRESENTED BYPRESENTED BYJAMES J. BECKERJAMES J. BECKER
F 15.45 CANDLE PRODUCTS F 15.45 CANDLE PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEESUBCOMMITTEE
FORMED IN 1997FORMED IN 1997
DEVELOPED FIVE ASTM CANDLE SAFETY STANDARDS USING DEVELOPED FIVE ASTM CANDLE SAFETY STANDARDS USING CONSENSUS PROCESSCONSENSUS PROCESS
JUST PUBLISHED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARDJUST PUBLISHED VISIBLE EMISSIONS STANDARD
WORKING TO FINALIZE THE PROVISIONAL CANDLE FIRE SAFETY WORKING TO FINALIZE THE PROVISIONAL CANDLE FIRE SAFETY STANDARDSTANDARD
WORKING ON A REVISION TO THE TERMINOLOGY STANDARDWORKING ON A REVISION TO THE TERMINOLOGY STANDARD
WORKING ON NEW CANDLE ACCESSORIES STANDARDWORKING ON NEW CANDLE ACCESSORIES STANDARD
TERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGYF 1972 STANDARD GUIDE FOR TERMINOLOGY RELATING TO F 1972 STANDARD GUIDE FOR TERMINOLOGY RELATING TO CANDLES AND ASSOCIATED ACCESSORY ITEMSCANDLES AND ASSOCIATED ACCESSORY ITEMS
PUBLISHED IN 1999PUBLISHED IN 1999
FIRST ASTM CANDLE STANDARDFIRST ASTM CANDLE STANDARD
DEFINES CANDLE TERMS USED IN ASTM CANDLE STANDARDSDEFINES CANDLE TERMS USED IN ASTM CANDLE STANDARDS
EXAMPLES: CANDLE, WICK, WAX CANDLE, ETC.EXAMPLES: CANDLE, WICK, WAX CANDLE, ETC.
CURRENTLY BEING REVIEWED AND UPDATED WITH EXPECTED CURRENTLY BEING REVIEWED AND UPDATED WITH EXPECTED REVISION BALLOTED LATER THIS YEARREVISION BALLOTED LATER THIS YEAR
CAUTIONARY LABELINGCAUTIONARY LABELINGF 2058F 2058--00 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR 00 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR CAUTIONARY LABELING FOR CANDLES BURNED CAUTIONARY LABELING FOR CANDLES BURNED IN A HOMEIN A HOME
IDENTIFIES WARNING LABEL REQUIREMENTS IDENTIFIES WARNING LABEL REQUIREMENTS ON UNITS OF SALEON UNITS OF SALE
UNIT OF SALE UNIT OF SALE –– THE CANDLE OR CANDLE AND ITS THE CANDLE OR CANDLE AND ITS CONTAINER OR PACKAGE AS PURCHASED BY THE CONTAINER OR PACKAGE AS PURCHASED BY THE CONSUMERCONSUMER
PUBLISHED IN 2000PUBLISHED IN 2000
CAUTIONARY LABELINGCAUTIONARY LABELING
REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTSLABEL SHALL BE:LABEL SHALL BE:
ON THE UNIT OF SALE AT THE TIME IT IS SOLDON THE UNIT OF SALE AT THE TIME IT IS SOLDNOT BE COVERED, OBSTRUCTED OR REMOVED PLACED ON THE TOP, BOTTOM OR SIDESPLACED ON THE TOP, BOTTOM OR SIDESVISIBLE TO THE USERVISIBLE TO THE USERPRINTED IN CONTRASTING COLORSPRINTED IN CONTRASTING COLORSMINIMUM DIMENSIONS MINIMUM DIMENSIONS -- 10X23 mm (.4x.9 in.)10X23 mm (.4x.9 in.)VISUALLY DIFFERENT FROM OTHER VISUALLY DIFFERENT FROM OTHER INFORMATIONINFORMATION
NOT BE COVERED, OBSTRUCTED OR REMOVED
CAUTIONARY LABELINGCAUTIONARY LABELING
REQUIREMENTS continuedREQUIREMENTS continuedWARNINGWARNING
UPPERCASE BOLDFACE LETTERSUPPERCASE BOLDFACE LETTERSMINIMUM 1 mm(.4 in.) HEIGHTMINIMUM 1 mm(.4 in.) HEIGHTPRECEDED BY SAFETY ALERT SYMBOLPRECEDED BY SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL
!
CAUTIONARY LABELINGCAUTIONARY LABELING
MINIMUM LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTMINIMUM LANGUAGE REQUIREMENT
WARNING WARNING –– TO PREVENT FIRE, TO PREVENT FIRE, BURN BURN CANDLE WITHIN SIGHT, OUT OF REACH CANDLE WITHIN SIGHT, OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN AND PETS, NEVER ON OR OF CHILDREN AND PETS, NEVER ON OR NEAR ANYTHING THAT CAN CATCH FIRENEAR ANYTHING THAT CAN CATCH FIRE
ADDITIONAL SAFETY LANGUAGE IS ENCOURAGEDADDITIONAL SAFETY LANGUAGE IS ENCOURAGED
GLASS CANDLE CONTAINERSGLASS CANDLE CONTAINERS
F 2179F 2179--02 SPECIFICATIONS FOR ANNEALED 02 SPECIFICATIONS FOR ANNEALED SODASODA--LIME SILICATE GLASS CONTAINERS LIME SILICATE GLASS CONTAINERS THAT ARE PRODUCED FOR USE AS CANDLE THAT ARE PRODUCED FOR USE AS CANDLE CONTAINERSCONTAINERS
PUBLISHED IN 2002PUBLISHED IN 2002
ADDRESSES ANNEALING AND THERMAL SHOCK ADDRESSES ANNEALING AND THERMAL SHOCK SPECIFICATIONS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR SPECIFICATIONS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR SODASODA--LIME SILICATE CANDLE CONTAINERSLIME SILICATE CANDLE CONTAINERS
GLASS CANDLE CONTAINERSGLASS CANDLE CONTAINERS
REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTSANNEALING (ASTM C 148)ANNEALING (ASTM C 148)
TRANSPARENT GLASSTRANSPARENT GLASSPOLARISCOPE POLARISCOPE ––REAL TEMPER <4 or;REAL TEMPER <4 or;SCRATCH TEST SCRATCH TEST –– NO FRACTURESNO FRACTURES
NONNON--TRANSPARENT GLASSTRANSPARENT GLASSSCRATCH TEST SCRATCH TEST –– NO FRACTURESNO FRACTURES
THERMAL SHOCK (ASTM C 149)THERMAL SHOCK (ASTM C 149)DELTA T OF 90 DEGREES F DELTA T OF 90 DEGREES F –– NO CRACKS OR NO CRACKS OR BREAKBREAK
CANDLE FIRE SAFETYCANDLE FIRE SAFETY
PSPS--59 PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION FOR FIRE 59 PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION FOR FIRE SAFETY FOR CANDLESSAFETY FOR CANDLES
PROVISIONAL STANDARD PUBLISHED IN 2002PROVISIONAL STANDARD PUBLISHED IN 2002
CURRENTLY WORKING ON FINALIZING THIS CURRENTLY WORKING ON FINALIZING THIS STANDARD BY THE END OF 2004STANDARD BY THE END OF 2004
ADDRESSES PRIMARY POTENTIAL CAUSES OF ADDRESSES PRIMARY POTENTIAL CAUSES OF CANDLE FIRESCANDLE FIRES
CANDLE FIRE SAFETYCANDLE FIRE SAFETY
REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTSFLAME HEIGHTFLAME HEIGHT
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE –– 76.2 mm (3.0 in.)76.2 mm (3.0 in.)All candles except outdoor and certain religious candlesAll candles except outdoor and certain religious candles
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE –– 95.3 mm (3.75 in.)95.3 mm (3.75 in.)Certain religious candlesCertain religious candles
Note Note –– Filled containers are counted as failures Filled containers are counted as failures if the container fails, regardless of the flame if the container fails, regardless of the flame heightheight
CANDLE FIRE SAFETYCANDLE FIRE SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS, continuedREQUIREMENTS, continuedSECONDARY IGNITIONSECONDARY IGNITION
Secondary ignition is defined as Secondary ignition is defined as ““a selfa self--sustained sustained flame other than that on the intended wick(s) that flame other than that on the intended wick(s) that occurs during candle use, including flashoveroccurs during candle use, including flashover””
NO SECONDARY IGNITION SHALL OCCURNO SECONDARY IGNITION SHALL OCCURApplies to all candles and ensembles except certain Applies to all candles and ensembles except certain religious candlesreligious candles
CANDLE FIRE SAFETYCANDLE FIRE SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS, continuedREQUIREMENTS, continuedEND OF USEFUL LIFEEND OF USEFUL LIFE
End of useful life is defined as End of useful life is defined as ““when the candle when the candle ceases to support combustion and the candle ceases to support combustion and the candle flame(s) goes (go) out on its own, as intended, flame(s) goes (go) out on its own, as intended, and cannot be reand cannot be re--litlit””
Meets the definition above and does not break or Meets the definition above and does not break or crack the container, exhibit excessive flame height crack the container, exhibit excessive flame height or exhibit secondary ignitionor exhibit secondary ignition
Applies to filled (including tealights) candles, votive Applies to filled (including tealights) candles, votive candles and tealight ensemblescandles and tealight ensembles
CANDLE FIRE SAFETYCANDLE FIRE SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS, continuedREQUIREMENTS, continuedEND OF USEFUL LIFE, continuedEND OF USEFUL LIFE, continued
Meets the definition above and the flame does not Meets the definition above and the flame does not impinge on the supporting surfaceimpinge on the supporting surface
Applies to all freestanding candlesApplies to all freestanding candles
Note Note -- Excluded from this requirement are candles Excluded from this requirement are candles requiring a holder to keep them upright, birthday requiring a holder to keep them upright, birthday candles and candles intended to float on water candles and candles intended to float on water when they are burnedwhen they are burned
CANDLE FIRE SAFETYCANDLE FIRE SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS, continuedREQUIREMENTS, continuedSTABILITYSTABILITY
CANDLE SHALL NOT TIP OVER WHEN PLACED ON CANDLE SHALL NOT TIP OVER WHEN PLACED ON A 10 DEGREE INCLINEA 10 DEGREE INCLINE
Applies to freestanding, filled (including tealights) and Applies to freestanding, filled (including tealights) and ensemblesensemblesExcludes votives and candles requiring a holder to keep Excludes votives and candles requiring a holder to keep them upright unless they are included in an ensemble them upright unless they are included in an ensemble and certain religious candlesand certain religious candlesAsymmetrical candles must be tested with rotation Asymmetrical candles must be tested with rotation around the vertical axis in all orientationsaround the vertical axis in all orientations
CANDLE FIRE SAFETY TEST CANDLE FIRE SAFETY TEST METHODSMETHODS
CANDLE BURNING PERFORMANCECANDLE BURNING PERFORMANCE
WICKS ARE TRIMMED ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERS WICKS ARE TRIMMED ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONSINSTRUCTIONSFOUR (4) HOUR TEST INTERVALSFOUR (4) HOUR TEST INTERVALS
TEALIGHTS ARE BURNED TO COMPLETIONTEALIGHTS ARE BURNED TO COMPLETION
HOURLY OBSERVATIONSHOURLY OBSERVATIONSDOCUMENTATIONDOCUMENTATION
Note on more stringent testingNote on more stringent testing–– ““The Commission considers a test utilizing The Commission considers a test utilizing alternate apparatus and procedures to be alternate apparatus and procedures to be ““as stringent as, or more as stringent as, or more stringent thanstringent than”” a test utilizing the apparatus and procedures specified in the a test utilizing the apparatus and procedures specified in the standard if, when testing identical specimens, a test utilizing standard if, when testing identical specimens, a test utilizing alternate alternate apparatus or procedures yields failing results as often as, or mapparatus or procedures yields failing results as often as, or more often ore often than , a test utilizing the apparatus and procedures specified ithan , a test utilizing the apparatus and procedures specified in the n the standardstandard
CANDLE FIRE SAFETY TEST CANDLE FIRE SAFETY TEST METHODSMETHODS
STABILITYSTABILITY
REMOVE ANY OUTER WRAPPINGREMOVE ANY OUTER WRAPPING
REMOVE ANY LABEL MATERIAL (ACCORDING TO REMOVE ANY LABEL MATERIAL (ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERMANUFACTURER’’S INSTRUCTIONS)S INSTRUCTIONS)
PLACE THE CANDLE ON A MINIMUM 10 DEGREE PLACE THE CANDLE ON A MINIMUM 10 DEGREE INCLINE APPARATUSINCLINE APPARATUS
ROTATE ASYMMETRICAL CANDLE AROUND VERTICAL AXIS ROTATE ASYMMETRICAL CANDLE AROUND VERTICAL AXIS TO TEST IN ALL ORIENTATIONSTO TEST IN ALL ORIENTATIONSIF THE INCLINE HAS A STOP, IT CANNOT EXCEED 6.4 mm IF THE INCLINE HAS A STOP, IT CANNOT EXCEED 6.4 mm (.25 in.) (.25 in.)
VISIBLE EMISSIONSVISIBLE EMISSIONSF 2326 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF F 2326 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM CANDLES AS THEY BURNVISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM CANDLES AS THEY BURN
PUBLISHED IN 2004PUBLISHED IN 2004
ADDRESSES COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM ADDRESSES COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM BURNING CANDLESBURNING CANDLES
FOR INDOOR USE CANDLESFOR INDOOR USE CANDLESMAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO MULTIPLE WICK AND FLOATING CANDLESMAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO MULTIPLE WICK AND FLOATING CANDLES
USES A GLASS SLIDE AND DENSITOMETERUSES A GLASS SLIDE AND DENSITOMETER
AIDS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF CANDLE FORMULATIONS TO REDUCE AIDS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF CANDLE FORMULATIONS TO REDUCE VISIBLE EMISSIONSVISIBLE EMISSIONS
SETS NO STANDARD FOR VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM CANDLESSETS NO STANDARD FOR VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM CANDLES
VISIBLE EMISSIONSVISIBLE EMISSIONSTEST METHODTEST METHOD
REMOVE ALL OUTER WRAPPING AND LABELS FROM REMOVE ALL OUTER WRAPPING AND LABELS FROM THE CANDLETHE CANDLETRIM THE WICK (ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERTRIM THE WICK (ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURER’’S S INSTRUCTIONS)INSTRUCTIONS)LIGHT CANDLE FOR 15 MINUTES (OR LONGER) LIGHT CANDLE FOR 15 MINUTES (OR LONGER) UNTIL FUEL POOL NORMALIZESUNTIL FUEL POOL NORMALIZESPLACE MICROSCOPE SLIDE ABOVE CANDLEPLACE MICROSCOPE SLIDE ABOVE CANDLE
CENTERED OVER THE WICKCENTERED OVER THE WICK102 mm (4 in.) above the solid top surface of the wax pool102 mm (4 in.) above the solid top surface of the wax pool
No closer than 51 mm (2 in.) to the No closer than 51 mm (2 in.) to the ““top of the candletop of the candle””““top of the candletop of the candle”” is defined as the upper most part of the is defined as the upper most part of the candle or containercandle or container
VISIBLE EMISSIONSVISIBLE EMISSIONS
TEST METHOD, continuedTEST METHOD, continuedALLOW CANDLE TO BURN FOUR (4) HRS.ALLOW CANDLE TO BURN FOUR (4) HRS.REPEAT THIS PROCEDURE FOR FOUR (4) REPEAT THIS PROCEDURE FOR FOUR (4) BURN INTERVALSBURN INTERVALSPREPARE GLASS SLIDE FOR MEASUREMENT PREPARE GLASS SLIDE FOR MEASUREMENT BY POSITIONING A COVER SLIP OVER THE BY POSITIONING A COVER SLIP OVER THE DARKEST AREA OF THE SLIDEDARKEST AREA OF THE SLIDEMEASURE THE VISIBLE EMISSIONS MEASURE THE VISIBLE EMISSIONS COLLECTED ON THE SLIDE ON THE COLLECTED ON THE SLIDE ON THE DENSITOMETERDENSITOMETER
ASTM INFORMATIONASTM INFORMATION
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F 15 CONSUMER PRODUCTS COMMITTEEF 15 CONSUMER PRODUCTS COMMITTEEF 15.45 CANDLE PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEEF 15.45 CANDLE PRODUCTS SUBCOMMITTEE
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