Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.1
Chapter 9 Understanding Asian American Clients
“Asian” refers to peoples from the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent
“Pacific Islander” refers to peoples from Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, and other Pacific Islands
Rapidly increasing populations in U.S.
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9 States with Significant Numbers of Asian Americans
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9 Regions of Residence by Region of the U.S.
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9 Poverty Status for Selected Age Groups
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9 Children:
Often considered “model minority” Behavior Achievement
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9Children – Communication:
Often come from bilingual backgrounds
English as second language AAC – augmentative and alternative
communication
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Chapter 9Children - Families
View elders with respect and reverence
Learn specific family roles Influenced by high family expectations
of achievement Powerful message to not bring shame
to family
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9Adolescents:
Population aged 15 – 19 expected to rise to 1.17 million by 2010
Cultural emphasis placed on diligence, harmony, respect for elders, and family loyalty
Academic stereotypes mask individuality
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9Adolescents – Communication:
Recognize difficulty with English Nonverbal communication
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9Adolescents – Families:
Rigidly defined roles Son prized above daughter; given
more responsibility and greater influence
Family exerts control over interpersonal conduct and social relationships
Avoidance of shame
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Chapter 9Adolescents – Challenges:
Family loyalty Achievement expectations Acculturation Rigid gender roles
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9Adults:
11.8% lived in poverty (2003) 18.7% lived without health insurance
(2003) Stereotypes of economic and
employment status Reluctant to discuss problems Religious values
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9Adults – Communication:
Speak at least 32 languages Uncomfortable with confrontation and
assertiveness Syntax, word endings, and terminology
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9Adults – Families:
Family first Cultural value of humility Family honor
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9 Family Types Among Asian Americans
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9Adults – Challenges:
Communication problems Common stereotypes Conflicting cultural expectations
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 9Elderly:
Population age 65 and over 13.5% by 2010
Experienced racism, injustices, and discrimination
Many lack formal education Acculturation of various generations
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Chapter 9 Asian Populations: 60 and Over
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Chapter 9Elderly – Communication:
Reside in ethnic communities Unlikely to undertake learning a new
language
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Chapter 9Elderly – Families:
Generational acculturation levels
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Chapter 9Elderly – Challenges:
Belief that assistance is unnecessary Health issues Language barriers Poverty Drug use and suicide Increasing generational differences
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10 Counseling Asian American Clients
Potential problems for children: Failure to develop a strong cultural
identity Belief in “model minority” fallacy Differing cultural characteristics Conflicting cultural values Pressures to excel Communication problems
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Chapter 10 Counseling Asian American Clients
Potential problems for children: Moving from family-centered world to
peer-centered world Family conflicts caused by that moving Parents unwilling to accept Western
viewpoints Smaller physical size
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Chapter 10 Children - Counseling Considerations:
Determine individual strengths Determine degree of acculturation Understand reluctance to disclose
information to strangers Understand avoidance of confrontation
and/or emotional intensity Learn about the individual
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Chapter 10 Children – Individual and Group Therapy:
Minimize competition Focus on the present Include parents and elders Take the role of mentor
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Chapter 10 Children – Family Therapy:
Child may be reluctant to speak in front of parents
Father speaks for entire family May reflect poorly on the family
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10 Adolescents:
Potential problems for adolescents: Failure to develop a strong cultural identity Belief in “model minority” stereotype Failure to meet behavior expectations Differing family cultural characteristics Communication problems Conflicting cultural values, i.e. individualism vs.
family
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Chapter 10 Adolescents:
Potential problems for adolescents: Conflicting cultural values, e.g.,
individualism vs. family Generational differences Developmental differences Expanding social interests Affects of racism and discrimination
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Chapter 10 Adolescents – Counseling Considerations:
Seek advice from family not professionals
Acculturation and generational differences
Nonverbal communication styles Nondisclosure
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.30
Chapter 10 Adolescents – Individual and Group Therapy:
Build credibility for mental health services (career counseling)
Group therapy may threaten family honor
Nondisclosure
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.31
Chapter 10 Adolescents – Family Therapy:
Clients expect counselor to be more directive than passive
Counselor must convey confidence and disclose educational and work backgrounds
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Chapter 10 Adults:
Potential problems for adults: Acceptance of “model minority” stereotype Effects of historical and contemporary
discrimination Low socioeconomic status Belief that discussing problems causes the
problems Communication problems
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Chapter 10 Adults:
Potential problems for adults: Rigid, authoritarian family structures Acculturation Seeking aid reflects poorly on family Midlife problems Marriage and family situations
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Chapter 10 Adults – Counseling Considerations:
Value interdependence, self-control, and repression of emotions
Short-term, goal-oriented solutions Stigma of mental illness – “bad blood”
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10 Counseling Chinese American clients:
Modulate voice tone Ask questions at appropriate times Demonstrate self confidence Do not paraphrase client Remain relatively still and project
expert persona Offer self-disclosing remarks
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10 Counseling Vietnamese American clients:
Build trust and concern for client & family
Understand and address communication barriers
Understand rigidly defined gender roles
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10 Counseling South Asian American clients:
Respect cultural identity and worldview Understand level of acculturation Clarify spiritual identity Provide multidimensional interventions Recognize life stage and age Client may not understand your
nonverbal communication
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10 Counseling South Asian American clients:
Recognize the role of humility Respect client’s integrity Clarify spiritual identity Allow yourself to be educated Use a relational style
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10 Adults – Individual and Group Therapy:
Counselor self-exploration Client orientation Group composition Rapport building Group orientation Group facilitation
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10 Adults – Individual and Group Therapy:
Suggestions for group leaders: Conduct an assessment Challenge members Test assumptions by verifying information
outside of group Help members receive feedback
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10 Adults – Family Therapy:
Focuses on one family member Protects the dignity of the individual
and preserves the honor of the family Allows defining of family relationships
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10Elderly:
Potential problems of elderly: Stereotypes Double or multiple jeopardy Discrimination and prejudice Cultural differences Poor language skills Distrust of agencies
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10Elderly:
Potential problems of elderly: Lack of education Reluctance to disclose personal
information Problems with developmental tasks Lack of systemically kept records Health concerns Communication or cultural barriers
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Chapter 10 Elderly – Counseling Considerations:
Differing intergenerational expectations
Undemonstrative demeanor
Baruth and Manning Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4th ed.
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Chapter 10 Elderly – Individual and Group Therapy:
Reluctance to reveal problems “Paying to talk” is difficult concept Emotional difficulties converted to
physical problems