Artificial IntelligenceNow and Then
Khoa Nguyen
What is AI? Artificial: describes any
objects which are not created by nature
Intelligence: capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude in grasping truths, relationships, facts, meaning, etc.
Artificial Intelligence: the ability to learn, reason, understand… that is made by human.
Brief Introduction about the first two presidents of IBM
Thomas J. Watson Sr. Watson joined
the Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation (CTR) on May 1, 1914.
He renamed the company International Business Machines (IBM). Became the first president
When Watson died in 1956, IBM's revenues were about $900 million, and the company had 72,500 employees.
Thomas J. Watson Jr. Was the eldest son
of Thomas J. Watson
Was the president of IBM from 1952 to 1971
He led the company into a period where it dominated the new computer industry
Among many honors, he was called "the greatest capitalist in history" and one of "100 most influential people of the 20th century"
The computing system “Watson”
Named after the first two presidents of IBM
Capable of giving precise, factual answers to questions posed in natural language
In the Jeopardy! Show, Watson wasn’t in the room behind
Over its three-year life, Watson stored the content of tens of millions of documents, which it now accessed to answer questions about almost anything
Why is it so impressive?
Technologists have long regarded this sort of artificial intelligence as a holy grail
Software firms and university scientists have produced question-answering systems for years, but these have mostly been limited to simply phrased questions.
IBM is already working to implement applications in the fields of healthcare, finance and telecom
AI is not always about making computers that can answer questions..
System that can steer Cars With the Power of Thought
Developed by AutoNOMOS innovation labs of Freie Universität Berlin
Using EEG sensors for measuring brain waves in such a way that the computer can read four basic driving commands: accelerate, brake, turn left, and turn right
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDV_62QoHjY
Upside Downside
What is it good for?
You are hands free to do anything: have a drink for example
Big hope for people with disabilities and/or paralysation
Can’t always control our thoughts
Can easily misunderstand “commands” and “actual thoughts”
Great! Now we have computers that can read our mind. What else can they read??
How about human gestures?
ScienceDaily states that future surgeons might use a system recognizes hand gestures as commands to control a robotic scrub nurse or tell a computer to display medical images of the patient during an operation in the future
Both the hand-gesture recognition and robotic nurse innovations might help to reduce the length of surgeries and the potential for infection
Problems? One challenge will be to develop the
proper shapes of hand poses and the proper hand trajectory movements to reflect and express certain medical functions
Other challenges include providing computers with the ability to understand the context in which gestures are made and to discriminate between intended gestures versus unintended gestures.
Question: when will machines have human-level intelligence?
2028
2050
2150- 90%
- 10%
- 50%
Future of Humanity Institute (FHI) Winter Intelligence conference at University of Oxford on machine intelligence in January 2011
References Freie Universität Berlin (2011, February 21). Scientists steer car
with the power of thought. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 1, 2011, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110218083711.htm
Purdue University (2011, February 3). Future surgeons may use robotic nurse, 'gesture recognition'. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 2, 2011, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2011/02/110203152548.htm
Thompson, C. (2010, June 16). What is I.B.M.’s Watson?. The New York Times, Retrieved May 1, 2011 from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/20/magazine/20Computer-t.html
Watson (computer). (2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 1, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_(computer)
Intelligence. (2011). Retrieved April 30, 2011, from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/intelligence
Thomas J. Watson (2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson
Thomas Watson, Jr. (2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 3, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Watson,_Jr.
Discussion Do you think all of these new
technologies will increase the number of jobs or decrease it?
Do you think the robotic nurses will be better than the human nurses in terms of proficiency, reflection, knowledge…?