201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
Apr173:34PM
Althoughpurewateristasteless,odorlessandcolorless,oceanwaterisnotpure.Oceanwaterisacomplexmixtureof: dissolvedsolidsandgasses, smallparticlesofmatter, tinyorganisms, chemicalsthatsustainsavarietyofplantandanimallife.
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
Apr173:38PM
DissolvedGasses:Thetwoprimarygassesintheatmosphereare:Nitrogen,
N2,andOxygen,O2.Thisistruealsofortheoceanwater.CO2isalsopresentinlargerquantitiesinoceanwater,aswellasotheratmosphericgasses.
Howgassesentertheocean?1. Waterfromstreamsandrivers2. Volcaniceruptionsfrombeneaththeoceans3. Releaseddirectlyintotheoceanbythemarine
organismsthatliveintheoceana. Photosynthesis4. Mostenterstheoceandirectlyfromthe
atmosphere
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
Apr181:40PM
TemperatureandDissolvedGassesGassesdissolvemorereadilyincoldwaterthan
inwarmwater.Thereforewateratthesurfaceofanoceaninacoldregiondissolvesgassesmorereadily,thanoceanslocatedneartheequator.
TheOceansasaCarbonSinkTheoceanscontain60timesasmuchcarbonas
theatmospheredoes,becausedissolvedCO2mayhavebeentrappedintheoceansforhundredstothousandsofyears.(Whytheoceansarecalledacarbonsink.)ThisdissolvedCO2intheoceansisimportantintheregulationofEarthsclimate.
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
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DissolvedSolids 97%ofallwateronEarthissaltwater. Oceanwateris96.5%purewaterand3.5%isdissolvedseasalts.
o Thesesaltsarecomposedofabout75chemicalelements:(6mostabundant)
Chlorine Sodium Magnesium Sulfur calcium potassium
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
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o Halite(madeupofsodiumandchlorideions)makesupmorethan85%oftheoceansdissolvedsolids.o Traceelementsalsoexistinverysmall
amounts:i.e.gold,zincorphosphorous.
SourcesofDissolvedSolidsComefromthreemainsources:
1. Volcaniceruptions2. Chemicalweatheringofrockonlando Eachyear400billionkilogramsofdissolvedsolidsentertheoceansfromrivers.3. Chemicalreactionsbetweenseawaterandnewlyformedseafloorrocks.
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
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SalinityofoceanwaterSalinityisthemeasureoftheamountof
dissolvedsaltsandothersolidsinagivenliquid.Salinityismeasuredbythenumberofgramsofdissolvedsolidsper1,000gofoceanwater.
Ex:1000gofoceanwatercontained35gofsolids,thesalinitywouldbe35partssaltper1,000partsofoceanwater:or35%0.(35partsperthousand=salinity.3.5%salty)
Freshwaterislessthan0.1%saltorhasasalinityof1%0.
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
Apr181:57PM
Precipitation(rain/snow) Evaporation(leavesremainingsaltsbehind)
Factorsthatchangesalinity
Iftherateifevaporationisgreaterthantherateofprecipitation;salinityofthesurfacewaterincreases.
Equatorialregions(morerainfallb/chighestprecipitation)salinitylevelsarelower.
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
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TemperatureofOceanWater
Variesdependingondepthandlocationonthesurfaceoftheoceans.
Affectedbytheamountofsolarenergyandthemovementofthewaterintheocean.o Tropicssurfacetempscanreach30Co Polarsurfacetempsdropto1.9C
Alsosurfacetemperaturedecreasesaslatitudeincreases.
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
Apr163:40PM
ThermoclineThesuncannotwarmwaterbelowthesurfacelayer(approx.200300feet)thetemperatureofthewaterdecreasessharplyasdepthincreases.Thislayeristhethermocline.Warmwaterislessdensethancoldwaterandthethermoclinemarkstheareabetweenthewarmsurfacewaterandthecolddeepwater.
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
Apr182:16PM
DeepwaterInthedeepzones,thetemperatureisusuallyabout2C.Thecolderthewateristhedenseritis.Thiscolddeepwatercontrolstheslowmovementofdeepoceancurrents.Thecolddeepwaterholdsmoredissolvedgasesthanthewarm,shallowoceanwaterdoes.
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
Apr182:18PM
DensityofOceanWaterThemassofasubstanceperunitofvolumeisthatsubstancesDENSITY.Purewateris1g/cm3Saltwaterisdenserthanpurewater.(between1.026g/cm3and1.028g/cm3)Twofactorsaffectthedensityofoceanwater.
Salinitydissolvedsolidsaddmass Temperatureoceanwaterbecomedenserasitgetscolder.(Temperaturehasagreaterimpactondensity)
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
Apr182:21PM
ColorofOceanWaterThecolorofoceanwaterisdeterminedbythewayitabsorbsorreflectssunlight.Waterabsorbsmostofthewavelengthsofwhitelight(allthecolorsofROYGBIV).Onlythebluewavelengthtendstobereflected.
Whyisoceanwatercolorimportant?Organisms,likephytoplankton,canaffectthecolorofoceanwater.Phytoplanktonabsorbredandbluelightbutreflectgreen.Therefore,thepresenceoramountofphytoplanktoncanaffecttheshadeofblueoftheoceanswater.
201PropertiesofOceanWater(1)forwalkaboutnotes.notebook
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April24,2018
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Presenceorabsenceofphytoplanktoncandeterminethehealthoftheocean.Alackofphytoplanktonmaybebecauseofpollution.
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