Anne M. Jochum, Alfonso Calera & Andrés Cuesta
Instituto de Desarrollo Regional. Albacete Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Earth Observation technologies to improve
Irrigation Advisory Services
D E M E T E R D E M E T E R Project co-funded by the European Commission
EVG1-CT-2002-00078
DEMDEMonstration of EEarth observation TeTechnologies in RRoutine irrigation advisory services
D E M E T E RD E M E T E R
Objectives
To improve the efficiency in the use of water for irrigation
To assess, develop, and demonstrate how
to improve the performance and cost-effectiveness to improve the performance and cost-effectiveness of IAS by incorporating EO techniques of IAS by incorporating EO techniques in daily operationsin daily operations;
to make information easily available to IAS and farmers to make information easily available to IAS and farmers (end-users) by integrating IT in the information generation (end-users) by integrating IT in the information generation and distribution.and distribution.
Increase crop water productivityIncrease crop water productivity
moremore
cropcropss
mormoree
jobsjobsperper
dropdropWaterWater
productiviproductivityty
Sustainable Sustainable AgricultureAgriculture
RuralRural
developmentdevelopment
DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologiesin Routine irrigation advisory services
MAPyA.....Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación
INEA…….……....Instituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria
IDRHa…..Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural e Hidráulica
DEMETER is user-drivenDEMETER is user-drivenC
ore
Co
reU
sers
Use
rsITAP...............Instituto Técnico Agronómico Provincial
DxSele…….................Consorzio di Bonifica Destra Sele
ABCaia..................Associação de Beneficiários do Caia
DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologiesin Routine irrigation advisory services
DEMETER is policy-orientedDEMETER is policy-oriented
Nat
ion
al
Nat
ion
al
Co
re U
sers
Co
re U
sers
Kc
Evapotranspiration of crops
ETo
Phenology crops
Agroclimatic Station
ETc
Outputs
Measurements
Current procedure:
Irrigation Advisory Service Albacete
•Irrigation Communities•Local press•Local TV•Answer phone•Fax•Visits to private sites•Internet: www.itap.es
The distribution of data
to the user
Current procedure:
Irrigation Advisory Service Albacete
DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologiesin Routine irrigation advisory services
Space and IT assisted Irrigation Advisory Service (e-SAIAS)
Irrigation Advisory Service (Current situation)
DEMETER
Information Technology ModuleWeather and climate information:
rainfall (previous dates predictions), other data
Information Technology
Earth Observation Module
Kc
Advanced productsRemote Sensing
Field work
Agrometeorological stations
Kc
ETo
Crop Water Requirement (FAO
procedure)
End user
(farmer)
PRODUCT LEVEL
PARAMETER
BasicBasicCrop coefficient, KcKc (derived from NDVI)
AdvancedAdvanced
KcKc (analytical approach) Ground fractional coverGround fractional cover Leaf area index (LAILAI) Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically available radiation (fAPARfAPAR) Accumulated (dry) biomassAccumulated (dry) biomass Irrigation performance indicatorsIrrigation performance indicators
PotentialWater stress indicator (water index) Canopy water content Evaporative fraction
DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologiesin Routine irrigation advisory services
Specification of DEMETER products
20 - 30 m sufficient to resolve plots of 10000 m2
4 - 6 days weekly irrigation scheduling cycles
DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologiesin Routine irrigation advisory services
Space-time resolution
Spatial ResolutionSpatial Resolution
Temporal ResolutionTemporal Resolution
EO virtual satellite constellationSatellite Repeat cycle
(days)Image size Bands
(number)Spatial
resolution
ASTER 16 60 Km x 60 Km
VIS (2)
NIR (1)
15 m
SWIR (6) 30 m
TIR (5) 90 m
IRS-C 24 142 Km x 142 Km
VIS (2)
NIR (1)
23 m
SWIR (1) 70 m
IRS-D 25 148 Km x 148 Km
same as IRS-C
Landsat 5 16 185 Km x 185 Km
VIS (3)
NIR (1)
SWIR (2)
30 m
TIR (1) 60 m
Landsat 7 16 same as Landsat 5
Spot 1,2,3 26
Varies with latitude
60 Km x 60 Km
VIS (2)
NIR (1)
20 m
Spot 4 26
Varies with latitude
60 Km x 60 Km
VIS (2)
NIR (1)
SWIR (1)
20 m
full set of high-resolution satellites+ inter-satellite cross-calibration procedure (Martínez and Calera, 2001)
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
1,40
1,60
1-m
ar
15-m
ar
29-m
ar
12-a
br
26-a
br
10-m
ay
24-m
ay
7-jun
21-jun
5-jul
19-jul
2-a
go
16-a
go
30-a
go
13-s
ep
27-s
ep
11-o
ct
25-o
ct
dates
Kc
maize
wheat
IRS
LANDSAT 7
Kc evolution of wheat and maizeKc evolution of wheat and maize
initial development reprod. maturation
initial matura.reprod.development
WHEATWHEAT
MAIZEMAIZE
3 Modules
IT component
> in pilot zone GIS and > IAS input stream
> complementary data sources> display & visualization
> general, public > personalized
Information-Decision-Interface
Information distribution s
EO data integration s
DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologiesin Routine irrigation advisory services
Caia (Portugal)
Mixed crops, horticulture, olive trees
Barrax (Spain)
Cereals
Destra Sele (Italy)
Mixed crops, fruit trees
Pilot zones
RESULTS - 1RESULTS - 1
Intensive field campaignIntensive field campaign
Period:Period: May-October 2001 May-October 2001
Crop:Crop: Maize (Barrax, Albacete) Maize (Barrax, Albacete)
Measured Biophysic Parameters: Measured Biophysic Parameters: Green cover, LAI, Biomass, HeightGreen cover, LAI, Biomass, Height
Field Radiometry :Field Radiometry : GER3700 GER3700
Field radiometry
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
LA
I
DOY
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
gre
en f
c
DOY
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Bio
mas
s (K
g/m
2)
DOY
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Hei
gh
t (m
)
DOY
LAILAI
BiomassBiomassHeightHeight
gfcgfc
Field Campaign on maize 2001. Experimental resultsField Campaign on maize 2001. Experimental results
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
gre
en f
c
DOY
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
CG
R Id
.
DOY
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Kcb
DOY
(g m
-2 d
ay-1)
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
ND
VI
Día Juliano Día Juliano
NDVINDVI
gfcgfc CGRCGR
KcbKcb
Field Campaign on maize 2001. Experimental resultsField Campaign on maize 2001. Experimental results
Step 1: Kcb from NDVI
Fig (1). Temporal evolution of Kcb and NDVI of maize during phenological cycle.
NDVI from experimental campaign during growing season year 2001.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
150 200 250 300
NDVINDVI
Kcb
DOY
Kcb
RESULTS - 2RESULTS - 2
Extensive field campaignExtensive field campaign
Year:Year: 2002 2002
Pilot Zone:Pilot Zone: Barrax, Spain Barrax, Spain
Landsat 7 Landsat 7 RGB 543RGB 543 color composite date: color composite date: 26/5/0226/5/02
barleybarley barleybarley
maizemaize maizemaize
Superpose rural cadaster over the image
1 Km
60 m
60 m buffer to minimize the border effect
Cross NDVI information with rural cadaster
0,0000
10,0000
20,0000
30,0000
40,0000
50,0000
60,0000
70,0000
80,0000
dates
ND
VIs
Pivot A
Pivot B
Pivot D
Pivot C
NDVIs HistogramNDVIs Histogram
Date: 26/5/02
NDVI map RGB image
0,0000
10,0000
20,0000
30,0000
40,0000
50,0000
60,0000
70,0000
80,0000
dates
ND
VIs
Pivot A
Pivot B
Pivot D
Pivot C
NDVIs HistogramNDVIs Histogram
Date: 2/6/02
NDVI map RGB image
0,0000
10,0000
20,0000
30,0000
40,0000
50,0000
60,0000
70,0000
80,0000
dates
ND
VIs
Pivot A
Pivot B
Pivot D
Pivot C
NDVIs HistogramNDVIs Histogram
Date: 11/6/02
NDVI map RGB image
0,0000
10,0000
20,0000
30,0000
40,0000
50,0000
60,0000
70,0000
80,0000
dates
ND
VIs
Pivot A
Pivot B
Pivot D
Pivot C
NDVIs HistogramNDVIs Histogram
Date: 18/6/02
NDVI map RGB image
0,0000
10,0000
20,0000
30,0000
40,0000
50,0000
60,0000
70,0000
80,0000
dates
ND
VIs
Pivot A
Pivot B
Pivot D
Pivot C
NDVIs HistogramNDVIs Histogram
Date: 4/7/02
NDVI map RGB image
0,0000
10,0000
20,0000
30,0000
40,0000
50,0000
60,0000
70,0000
80,0000
dates
ND
VIs
Pivot A
Pivot B
Pivot D
Pivot C
NDVIs HistogramNDVIs Histogram
Date: 5/8/02N
DV
Is
NDVI map RGB image
26/5/02 2/6/02
11/6/02 18/6/02
4/7/02 5/8/02
0,0000
10,0000
20,0000
30,0000
40,0000
50,0000
60,0000
70,0000
80,0000
dates
ND
VIs
Pivot A
Pivot B
Pivot D
Pivot C
SummarizingSummarizing
MethodologyMethodology
to obtainto obtain
Crop Water Crop Water RequirementsRequirements
LANDSAT 7 RGB 543 LANDSAT 7 RGB 543 26/5/0226/5/02
30 Km30 Km
30 K
m30
Km
PILOT ZONE : BARRAXPILOT ZONE : BARRAX
Irrigation Zones Irrigation Zones (Water Management Units)(Water Management Units)
Kc mapKc map
ETc mapETc map
NDVI mapNDVI map
WMUs over NDVI layerWMUs over NDVI layer
NDVI mapNDVI map
Kc map Kc map
ETc map ETc map
NDVI map NDVI map
Kc map Kc map
ETc map ETc map
NDVI map NDVI map
Kc map Kc map
ETc map ETc map
ETo map ETo map
NDVI map NDVI map
Kc map Kc map
ETo map ETo map
Mapa ETcMapa ETcETc map ETc map
NDVI map NDVI map
Kc map Kc map
Crop Water Requirements map
(Users)
ETc map ETc map
ETo map ETo map
Plot: 5003 C.W.Requirement: 7 mm
DEMonstration of Earth observation TEchnologiesin Routine irrigation advisory services
Conclusions
• EO adds spatial dimension;
• IT adds interaction with / participation of all users;
• EO mature & directly matches FAO procedure;
• EO virtual constellation solves time-space constraint;
• pre-operational campaign shows potential of real-time operations.
http://www.demeter-ec.nethttp://www.demeter-ec.net