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AngerAnger
AngerAnger
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anger [, , ]
.
: , , , ,
, .
, anger
, .
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Anger
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SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONSOF
ANGER
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Mental Representations of Physiological
Reactions
,
.
- (Davitz, 1969)
- ,
(Shield, 1984)
-
(Lakeoff & Kovecses, 1987)Ex. hot under the collar, all steamed up
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Mental Representations of Physiological
Reactions
Lange (1885)
, - .
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Mental Representations of Physiological
Reactions
.
a. . (sensation) , . (Scherer & Wallbott, 1994); , , , .
[hot liquid metaphor] , . (Lakoff & Kovecses, 1987)
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Mental Representations of Physiological
Reactions
b. . (Averill, 1982, 1983; Gregen, 1985, Rim, Philippot &Cisamolo, 1990)
, , (social schemata) .
. , .
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Representations Emphasizing External,
Largely Causal, Influences
, ,
.
a. :
: Lange (1885), James (1890)
: .
Ex. , , , [] ,[] .
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Representations Emphasizing External,
Largely Causal, Influences
, , b. :
, [ ]
.
*
: Russell & Fehr (1994) .
[Prototype approach] - .
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AppraisalConceptions of Anger
[]
[]
:
.
, ,
[ ] . (Solomon, 1993)
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AppraisalConceptions of Anger
[]
a. Averill (1982, 1983)
- , , (syndrome) ( )
- (culturally determined)
- (object) .
- (ones self) (ones principles)
. (anger) (annoyance) .
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AppraisalConceptions of Anger
[]
b. Ortony, Clore & Collins (1988)
- .- , ;
(appropriate cognitive analyses)
.
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AppraisalConceptions of Anger
[]
*
:
- :
Ex.
.
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AppraisalConceptions of Anger
[]
c. Lazarus (1991)
- Lazarus Ortony, Clore, & Collins .
- 1 , 2
Ex. 1 :
- 2 :
-
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Emphasizing Goal-structured knowledge
[]
.
* Stein & Levine (1990; Stein, Trabasso & Liwag, 1993)
: ( )
.
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Prototypic Conceptions of Anger
,
(implicit model) (prototype) . .
a. Shaver et al. (1987)
-
- , ,
.
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Prototypic Conceptions of Anger
b. Russel & Fehr (1994)
- (emotion category) (intensity of the feeling) - (prototype) (emotion exemplar) :
(anger) (irritation) (annoyance) .
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SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT APRAISAL
ANALYSESOF ANGER
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There Are Exceptions
(appraisal theory)
.
- ;
. (Berkowitz, 1993a, b; 1994)
. .
Ex.
. (Averill, 1982,1983)
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Can Anger Arise Independently of Goal-oriented Evaluation?
?
..
. (Prototype approach [
])
.
Ex.
. (Stein & Levine, 1989)
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Aversive Event as AngerSources
.
[ ] : . (Berkowitz, 1993c; Fernandez & Turk, 1995)
, .
Ex. , , , .
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The Cognitive - Neoassociationistic Approach
-
: Berkowitz (1989, 1993 a, b, c)
cognitive-neoassociationistic (CNA) model
.
, , (), ,
, (feeling),
.
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A cognitive-neoassociationistic conception ofanger
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A cognitive-neoassociationistic conception ofanger
, ,
.
(flight syndrome) -
- .
: (fight) (flight)
. : ()
distress(, , ) .
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Some Questions
Berkowitz CNA model ()
: . (Clore et al, 1993)
Russell & Fehr (1994) Berkowitz Clore
: .
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EmotionalSyndromes as Associative Networks
CNA model [- ] (Berkowitz, 1993b)
- semantic network model of emotions [ ] (Bower,1981) ; .
- . .
,
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EmotionalSyndromes as Associative Networks
. (DuClos et al.,1989)
[
] .
* - () - . (Oatley & Johnson-Laird, 1996)
Ex. (hostility displacement)
: , .
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Responding to Possible Responses by Appraisal Theorists
. :
* . []
.
;
;
. (Panksepp, 1994)
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Responding to Possible Responses by Appraisal Theorists
* (negative affect) (mood) (emotion) ; , .
(mood) (emotion) ;
(mood-like)
(feeling) ; (mood-like) .
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ANGER EXPERIENCE AND BEHAVIOR
, .
, , , .(Clore et al., 1993)
; , (action readiness) .
- . (Frijda, Kuipers& ter Schure 1989, p 213)
Ex. : (angry) : ~ (moving against)
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ANGER EXPERIENCE AND BEHAVIOR
(action readiness) : (urge to attack or hurt someone)
() . (Izard, 1991)
: (Spielberger,1996)
1: ( I am furious )
2 : (I feel like screaming)
3 : (I feel like kicking somebody)
, .
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CONCLUSION
(eclectic approach) .
. .
, .
: , .
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CONCLUSION
( ) .
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The Myth of Emotional Venting
the venting hypothesis :
() ().
* hydraulic model[]:
[ Human Psyche a caldron of pressures demanding their release inaction and expression ]
(Solomon, quoted in Tomas, 1991, p. 32)
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The Myth of Emotional Venting
the venting hypothesis
1. The bigger the expression of distress the better.
.
2. The beneficial of distress expression are immediate.
.
3. The effects of distress expression are direct.
.
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The Myth of Emotional Venting
the venting hypothesis :
- the venting hypothesis (quantity) . (quality).
( ) .
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The Myth of Emotional Venting
(Tavris, 1984, 1989)
1.
2.
ex) empty-chair technique [ ]
3.