Friday, 4 October 1946
C I ECE\T
In This Issue
Growth and Aging Problems in AgricultureSamuel Brody
Technical Papers
News and Notes
In the Laboratory
Book Reviews
Letters to the Editor
Table of Contents, Page 2
Published by the
American Association for the Advancement of Science113th AAAS Meeting-Boston, 26-31 December 1946
_.M
VOL. 104 NO. 2701 PAGES 307-334
EXTRA YARDAGE WITH THE WIND
In golf, a favorable wind- in the researchfield, superior working materials- can makea big difference in the final project.
Hoffmann-La Roche, for many years, has beenproducing superior vitamins "by the tons".ROCHE standards for quality and pharma-ceutical elegance assure dependable materialsfor your vitamin research. / i n !5g~ia?
HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE, INC.Roche Park, Nutley 10, New Jersey
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
Timelinesslus
Authority
* The greatly increased need forknowledge of tropical diseaseshas necessitated addition of muchnew material to the literature.None of these contributions, areof greater significance than thefour books described below. Intimeliness and authority theymeet clearly defined needs.
Russell, West & Manwell's Mackie, Hunter & Worth'sPractical Malariology Manual of Tropical Medicine
This is a new book issued under the auspices ofthe National Research Council. Its purpose-admirably fulfilled-is to present under onecover the latest knowledge of Malaria; clinical,laboratory and field data. Its six sections dealrespectively with the parasite, the mosquito, theman, the community, prophylaxis and control,and therapeutic malaria.By PAUL F. RUSSELL, M.D., M.P.H., Colonel, M.C., A.U.S.,Parasitology Division, Army Medical School; LUTHER S.WEST, PH.D., Head of Biology Department, Northern Michi-gan College of Education; and REGINALD D. MANWELL, Sc.D.,Professor of Zoology, Syracuse University. 684 pages, 6" x9%", 238 illustrations, 8 in colors. $8.00.
Also a National Research Council Manual. Theauthors have had wide first-hand experience andas a result their book has been recognized as oneof the most complete coverages of tropical dis-eases in print. Distribution, etiology, epidemiol-ogy, clinical characteristics, prophylaxis, treat-ment and laboratory methods are all discussed.By Colonel THOMAS T. MACKIE, M.C., Major GEoRGE W.HUNTER, III, SN.C., and Captain C. BROOKE WORTH, M.C.,A.U.S. 727 pages, 6" x 9", with 284 illustrations, some incolor. $6.00.
Ash & SpitZ' AtlasConant and Others' of Pathology of Tropical Diseases
Manual nf rlinipl Uuiplanffuualmuam uu uimuuikal liul3 ugusuThe National Research Council sponsored thismanual in order to make available a really con-cise, clear-cut working knowledge of mycotic dis-ease. The part of this manual in simplifying andclarifying this knowledge for those not exten-sively schooled in the field is immeasurable.By NORMAN F. CONANT, PH.D., DONALD STOVER MARTIN, M.D.,DAVID TILLERSON SMITH, M.D., ROGER DENIO BAKER, M.D.,and JASPER LAMAR CALLAWAY, M.D.; Duke University Schoolof Medicine. 348 pages, 5%4 x 7%", with 288 illustrationson 148 figures. $3.50.
The first book of its kind. It contains 941 illus-trations on 257 plates, some in color. These pic-tures were drawn largely from the Army Insti-tute of Pathology and are remarkable for theirthird-dimensional characteristics. Amplified byconcise text descriptions, this is a pictorial por-trayal of the progressive tissue changes seen intropical diseases.By Colonel J. E. ASH, M.C., U.S.A., Director; and SOPHIESPITZ, M.D., C.S., A.U.S., Pathologist, the Army Institute ofPathology, Army Medical Museum. 350 pages, 8" x 10%",with 941 illustrations on 257 plates, some in color. $8.00.
W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, West Washington Square, Phila. 5
.l
4 October 1946 1
a a ^ ^ a a 5 a an
SCIENCEEditor: Willard L. Valentine
Aasistant Editor: Mildred Atwood Advertising Manager: Theo. J. ChristensenPolicy Committee: Malcolm H. Soule, Roger Adams, Walter R. Miles and Kirtley F. Mather
VOL. 104 FRIDAY, 4 OCTOBER 1946 No. 2701
Contents
Growth and Aging Problems in Agriculture:Samuel Brody ...... ..................................... 307
TECHNICAL PAPERSCardiac Failure in Cattle on Vitamin E-free Ra-
tions as Revealed by Electrocardiograms:Thor W. Gullickson and Chas. E. Calverley ............... 312
Influence of Purified Lignin on Nitrification inSoil:JamesE. Fuller ............ ............................... 313
Administration of Streptomycin in Peanut Oil andBeeswax and in Solvecillin:
JohnA.Kolmer,et al ........................................... 315
Effect of Di-Isopropyl Fluorophosphate (DFP) onthe Action Potential of Muscle:
Rend Couteaux, et al ............................................ 317
Derivation, Interpretation, and Application of theSecond Law of Thermodynamics:
P.G.Nutting ....... .................................... 317
NEWSAND NOTES .. ......................................... 319
IN THE LABORATORYA Collapsible Metal Stirrer:
J. David Reid and Edmund M. Buras, Jr 326
Penicillin Blood-Level Determinations With a Strep-tococcus dysgalactiae Resistant to Normal BloodInhibitors: J. C. Kakavas and E. G. Scott ............ 327
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Taxonomy and the Biologists: Z. P. Metcalf ............... 328
Dormant and Adventitious Buds: Isador Aaron ...... 329
Aseptic Cultivation of Excised Plant Embryos:Margaret Newcomb and Ralph E. Cleland ............... 329
A Regrettable Error: Joel W. Hedgpeth ........................ 330
Potentiation of the Antibiotic Activity of Asper-gillic Acid by Bismuth: Andres Goth ........................... 330
Disease Control in Frogs: S. Meryl Rose ........................ 330A Further Note on the Meaning of Normal:
Chauncey D. Leake ........ ................................... 330
Iron Concentrations in Cholinesterase Prepara-tions:RobertD. Barnard ........................................... 331
Hypoparatypes:Hobart M. Smith ....................................... 331
Rigid Thinking in the Social Sciences-A VitalNeed:Zachariah Subarsky ........................................... 331
On the Question of Russian Scientists:William Marquette .......... ................................. 332
BOOK REVIEWS
Electron and nuclear counters-theory and use:A. Korif.
ReviewedbyGladys A. Anslow .......................................... 332
The effect of smallpox on the destiny of the Amer-indian: E. Wagner Stearn and Allen E. Stearn.
Reviewed byGeorgK.Neumann ....................................... 333Theory and practice of filtration:
George D. Dickey and Charles L. Bryden.Reviewed byH.L. Olin .......333
Human embryology: Bradley M. Patten.Reviewed by Madge Thurlow Macklin ........................ 333
Diseases of the retina: Herman Elwyn.Reviewedby W. L. Benedict ............ .................... 334
SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal, since 1900 the official organ Communications relative to advertising should be addressedof the American Association for the Advancement of Science. to THEO. J. CHRISTENSEN, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.,Published by the American Association for the Advancement Washington 5, D. C.of Science every Friday at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Communications relative to membership in the Association
and to all matters of business of the Association should beCommunications relative to articles offered for publication addressed to the Administrative Secretary, AAAS, 1515 Mas-
should be addressed to Editor, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, sachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C.N.W., Washington 5, D. C. Annual subscription, $7.50 Single copies, 25 cents
Entered as second-class matter July 18, 1923 at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
NUCLEAR PHYSICS TABLESby J. MATTAUCH
and AN INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR PHYSICSby S. FLUEGGE
CONTENTS1. STABLE NUCLEI. Isotopes and Mass Numbers * Mass Defects Nuclear Massesand Extranuclear Electrons * Relative Abundance and Atomic Weight Nuclear SpinNuclear Magnetic Moment - Quadrupole Moment.2. NUCLEAR REACTIONS.3. UNSTABLE NUCLEI.4. SYSTEMATICS OF STABLE NUCLEI.TABLES AND PLATES. Properties of Stable Nuclei * Maximum Possible Abundanceof Probably Nonexistent Nuclei * Mass-Spectrographic Measurement of Doublets - Surveyof Known Nuclear Reactions; Properties of Artificially Radioactive Nuclei . Energy Releasein Nuclear Reactions * Packing Fraction and Mass Defect Curves * Known Nuclei andReactions on an N-Z diagram.
1946. 7% x 10%. 200 pages. 28 diagramsand numerous four-color plates. $12.00
Translated from the German and published withthe consent of the Alien Property Custodian
MESON THEORY OF NUCLEARFORCES by WOLFGANG PAULI
CONTENTS1. VARIOUS TYPES OF MESON FIELDS. Scalar Charged Meson Field Pseudo-scalar Symmetric Theory * Vector Field Theory.2. THEORY OF EXTENDED SOURCE.3. SCATTERING OF MESONS. Magnetic Moment in the Strong Coupling Case . Mag-netic Moment in the Weak Coupling Case.4. QUANTUM THEORY OF SCATTERING. Theory of Radiation Damping * Heisen-berg's "Observable Quantities."5. THEORY OF NEUTRON-PROTON SCATTERING.6. STRONG COUPLING THEORY OF THE TWO-NUCLEON SYSTEM.1946. 5% x 8. 80 pages. $2.00
DIFFERENTIAL and INTEGRAL CALCULUSby R. COURANT
Vol. 1. 6 x 9. 630 pages. 2nd rev. ed. 1937. $5.00Vol. I1. 6 x 9. 692 pages. 1936. $7.00
For a complete list of publications write for our 1946 catalogue.
INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC. (i
4 October 1946 3
215 Fourth Avenue New York 3, N. Y.
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
A. H. T. CO. SPECIFICATION
MAGNETIC STIRRING APPARATUSFor variable speed stirring action within either closed or open vessels
9235-H. Fig. 1. 9235-H. Fig. 2.Showing general stirring in a stoppered flask. Showing stirring in a closed system at
elevated temperatures.
MAGNETIC STIRRING APPARATUS, A.ILT Co. Specification. A compact, quiet-runningapparatus which utilizes a rotating field of magnetic force to induce variable speed stirring action withineither closed or open vessels. Stirring is accomplished by means of a small magnetized bar A or B,sealed in Pyrex glass, which is placed in the liquid to be stirred and which is rotated by magnetic forceapplied below the container.
Consisting of a permanent bar magnet attached to the shaft of an electric motor and mounted in analuminum housing with flat top 4% inches diameter and 4¼4 inches high. Can be used either on thetable or on a support rod, attached by means of a clamp with swivel joint.
Suitable for any stirring operation which involves 1 ml to 1 liter of liquids with viscosities up tothat of a 50% glycerol solution. Particularly convenient for use in closed systems where:
Gas volume changes must be observed, as in hydrogenation experiments;High vacuum or overpressure should be maintained;Moisture and air should be excluded, as in titrations involving the use of Karl Fischer reagent;Gas phase over the surface of the liquid should not be mixed into the solution;Change In turbulence is required without disturbance of heavier phase above stirred portion;Small containers are used, as in microchemical procedures.
Any type of vessel of glass, porcelain or non-magnetic metal can be used, i.e. flasks, beakers, culturedishes, crystallizing dishes, evaporating dishes, test tubes, weighing bottles, etc. A ring-type burner issuitable when stirring at elevated temperatures.9235-B. Stirring Apparatus, Magnetic, A.H.T. Co. Specification, as above described, with one each stirring bars
A and B, /-inch and 1% inches long respectively, rheostat, 8-ft. connecting cord, and directionsfor use, but without glassware or other accessories. For 115 volts, 60 cycles, a.c. only . 32.35
More detailed information sent upon request.
ARTHUR H. THOMAS COMPANYRETAIL-WHOLESALE-EXPORT
LABORATORY APPARATUS AND REAGENTSWEST WASHINGTON SQUARE PHILADELPHIA 6, PA., U. S. A.
Cable Address, BAIANCE, Philadelphia
1
4 Vol. 104, No. 2701
you IRO0WyoUW~ ^Yost ti0gow
sais* B 0
willhe ostright for~'be "'~0ocoold.
T eWater te p rtr never.toO foots*yoh,e fe Ip readfin distort I s
ue'4 ~el water
ti.me ct ,5:rafwtud ator te p
t st y ua send for it .'hange.@e- yt 63-20 daYIftda
oTIC gucle cotAFAKYo , .
-r Colt C *pphtAYI' 25W^ e e IAO1¢ { t-
a- - 441-filt" - th
w11~-t erx b ataiL
m
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
Strategic StockpilesFOR YOUR CONVENIENCE
Scattered throughout the United States and Canada in convenient locations arestocks of Pyrex, Vycor and Corning brands of laboratory glassware. These arethe inventories your laboratory supply dealer carries ... carries for only onereason-YOU.
In a sense each of these inventories is personal. For all are different. Each isbuilt-up and maintained for the selected group of customers served by a partic-ular laboratory supply house. Stocks carried are based on the dealer's knowledgeof his customers' needs and are always as complete and as well balanced asfactory shipments permit. If your dealer hasn't a particular item, you may besure the factory hasn't it either. That is why Corning Glass Works urges you tocontact your dealer whatever your requirements may be. His is a professionalservice to professional men. He is the one who can serve you best. The closeryou work with him the more time and money you save.
Corning Glass Works is proud of its dealers and wants all users of all its lab-oratory glassware lines to learn to know their nearest dealers better ... and to
use their services to the fullest extent.
"Pyres," "Vycor" and "Corng" are registered trade-marks and indicate manufacture by
CORNING GLASS WORKS . CORNING, NEW YORK
FOR ALL-AROUND USE. .. YEAR 'ROUND ECONOMY
--d krhand £#4DRT#ORY GW#SW RE*f
I
CORNING
Vol. 104 No. 27016
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS7
m
The hat that become a headsetTelephone operators in NewYork, Atlanta and Montrealwore the strange head-dressyou see above. It's a specialgauging instrument -BellLaboratories scientists used itto measure head contours indesigning the new headset.With the new set, the tele-
phone user can hear the oper-ator more clearly, and she inturn hears better too- throughthe improved receiver andtransmitter. Her voice entersthe transmitter at an evenlevel because, as she turns,
the mouthpiece moves withher. Neckstrap and horn areeliminated. The whole thingweighs less than six ounces.The new Bell System head-
set brings together the latesttechniques in voice transmis-sion and the ideas of the oper-ators themselves-offeringcomfort, convenience, andelectrical efficiency.Out of new knowledge has
come this novel head tele-phone fitted to the operatorand designed to improve yourtelephone service.
BELL TELEPHONE LABORATOES
Exploring and inventing, devising and perfecting for continued improvements and economies in telephone service
4 October 1946 7
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
FOR BIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES
LONG-CONTINUED EXPERIMENTATION with animals in our own labora-tories has led to the development of many special diet materials whichwe have found valuable in nutritional research. While the prepara-tion of these materials in small quantities in the individual laboratorywould be troublesome and costly, our production facilities enable usto offer them- conveniently packaged and economically priced-asa service to investigators engaged in biological assay and research.
VITAMIN TEST CASEIN GBI. Uniformly free of vitamins A and D, as well as theknown factors of the vitamin B complex and vitamin K.
VITAMIN A TEST DIET, U. S. P. XII, GBI. For depletion of animals within allottedtime-weight limits specified for Vitamin A assays.
RACHITOGENIC DIET NO. 2, U. S. P. XII, GBI. For depletion of animals withinallotted time-weight limits specified for vitamin D assays.
VITAMIN B COMPLEX TEST DIET GBI. For use with suitable animals and ex-periments, to produce deficiencies of thiamine chloride, riboflavin, niacin, pyri-doxine and pantothenic acid.
SALT MIXTURE NO. 2, U. S. P. XII, GBI. For preparing vitamin A test diet andalso as a mineral source in the preparation of most laboratory diets.
WRITE for complete list and prices of these and other diet materi-als, including crystalline vitamins, amino acids, casein hydroly-sate, biotin and other chemicals of biological significance.
GENERA BIOCREMICALS, INCLABORATORY PARK, CHAGRIN FALLS, OHIO
'CDI
8 Vol. 104, No. 2701