Cancer in Queensland A statistical overview 1982-2021
Annual update 2012
Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge and appreciate the work of the staff of the Cancer Council Queensland who
operate and maintain the Queensland Cancer Registry and the Queensland Health staff who
contributed to and participate in the maintenance of the Queensland Cancer Registry, the online
Oncology Analysis System (OASys) and other tools which support the collection, analysis and
interpretation of cancer data in Queensland. We acknowledge the Viertel Centre for Research in
Cancer Control, Cancer Council Queensland for prevalence information sourced from Queensland
Cancer Statistics On-Line.
The report was prepared by Michael Blake, Danica Cossio, Tania Eden, Tracey Guan and Shoni Philpot.
The 2012 edition of OASys was prepared by Nancy Tran. This report is modelled after the statistical
report of Cancer Care Ontario who have also kindly provided methodological advice.
For more information:
Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team
Queensland Health
ROMC, C Floor 31 Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101 Australia
Ph: (+61) (O7) 3840 3200
Email: [email protected]
https://qccat.health.qld.gov.au
Cancer in Queensland: A Statistical Overview 1982-2021, Annual update 2012
Suggested citation:
Queensland Government. Cancer in Queensland: A Statistical Overview 1982-2021, Annual update
2012. Queensland Health, Brisbane, 2015
Permission to reproduce for commercial purposes should be sought from:
The Manager
Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team
Queensland Health
ROMC, C Floor 31 Raymond Terrace
South Brisbane Qld 4101.
ISBN: 978-1-925028-90-4 Copyright protects this publication.
Published by Queensland Health However, Queensland Health has
May 2015 no objection to the material being
©The State of Queensland, reproduced with acknowledgement,
Queensland Health 2015 except for commercial purposes.
Copyright protects this publication.
However, Queensland Health has no
objection to this material being
reproduced with acknowledgement,
except for commercial purposes.
Cancer in Queensland A statistical overview 1982-2021
Annual update 2012
Table of contents
Message from the Chair ..................................................................................................................... 1
Highlights and summary ................................................................................................................... 2
CANCER PROJECTIONS.......................................................................................................................... 3
Cancer projections Queensland, 2021 ............................................................................................... 4
CANCER IN QUEENSLAND .................................................................................................................... 7
Incidence and mortality .................................................................................................................... 8
Most common cancers and cancer deaths ........................................................................................ 11
Most common cancers ................................................................................................................... 11
Most common cancer deaths ........................................................................................................ 12
New cases and deaths by age ........................................................................................................... 15
Age-specific incidence rates ........................................................................................................... 15
Cancer by age group ...................................................................................................................... 16
Most common cancer by age group .............................................................................................. 17
Regional, national and international variation in incidence .............................................................. 18
Regional, national and international variation in mortality .............................................................. 23
Prevalence ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Survival ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Incidence and mortality trends: Most common cancers ................................................................... 32
Prostate cancer .............................................................................................................................. 33
Female breast cancer ..................................................................................................................... 33
Melanoma ...................................................................................................................................... 33
Colorectal cancer ........................................................................................................................... 33
Haematological malignancies ........................................................................................................ 34
Lung cancer .................................................................................................................................... 34
Endocrine cancers .......................................................................................................................... 34
Upper gastrointestinal tract cancers .............................................................................................. 34
Hepatobiliary cancers .................................................................................................................... 34
Incidence and mortality trends by age group .................................................................................... 37
Childhood cancers .......................................................................................................................... 38
Cancers in adolescents and young adults ...................................................................................... 40
Cancers in adults ............................................................................................................................ 40
Copyright protects this publication.
However, Queensland Health has no
objection to this material being
reproduced with acknowledgement,
except for commercial purposes.
HOSPITAL AND HEALTH SERVICES ...................................................................................................... 43
Cancer overview by Hospital and Health Service (HHS) ................................................................... 44
Hospital and Health Service Projections, 2021 ................................................................................ 45
Cairns and Hinterland ...................................................................................................................... 47
Central Queensland ......................................................................................................................... 50
Central West .................................................................................................................................... 53
Darling Downs .................................................................................................................................. 54
Gold Coast ........................................................................................................................................ 57
Mackay ............................................................................................................................................. 60
Metro North ..................................................................................................................................... 63
Metro South ..................................................................................................................................... 66
North West ...................................................................................................................................... 69
South West ....................................................................................................................................... 70
Sunshine Coast ................................................................................................................................. 71
Torres Strait and Cape York ............................................................................................................. 74
Townsville ........................................................................................................................................ 75
West Moreton .................................................................................................................................. 78
Wide Bay .......................................................................................................................................... 81
APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................. 85
Glossary and common abbreviations ............................................................................................... 86
Methods ........................................................................................................................................... 87
Data Sources .................................................................................................................................... 87
Oncology analysis system ............................................................................................................. 87
Queensland oncology repository ................................................................................................. 87
Queensland cancer registry ........................................................................................................... 87
More on the QCCAT website ............................................................................................................ 87
References ........................................................................................................................................ 88
Copyright protects this publication.
However, Queensland Health has no
objection to this material being
reproduced with acknowledgement,
except for commercial purposes.
Cancer in Queensland A statistical overview 1982-2021
As Chair of the Queensland Cancer Control Safety and Quality Partnership I am pleased to introduce, Cancer in Queensland: A statistical
overview 1982-2021, Annual Update 2012. This report is a comprehensive epidemiological report of cancer incidence and survival in
Queensland and is a follow up to Cancer in Queensland: A statistical overview 2012. Once again, our aim with this publication is to
provide ‘data for today’ and share the most up to date cancer data that is available.
The report begins with cancer projections for 2021. We follow up the projections with an analysis of cancer incidence, mortality and
survival in Queensland from 1982-2012. This data underpins our ability to estimate the impact of cancer in Queensland in 2021. It
supports cancer services planning, evaluation and monitoring, and research. In the final part of the report we present cancer incidence
and mortality data by Hospital and Health Service.
We invite your feedback on the value and benefits of this report and hope that this information can make a positive contribution to the
future of cancer care.
Euan Walpole
Chair
Queensland Cancer Control Safety and Quality Partnership
Message from the Chair
1
Copyright protects this publication.
However, Queensland Health has no
objection to this material being
reproduced with acknowledgement,
except for commercial purposes.
2
Cancer in Queensland: A Statistical Overview 1982-2021, Annual update 2012 provides information on cancer incidence and mortality
for the state and individual Hospital and Health Services (HHS). This report presents cancer data for 2012 and projections for 2021 and
is the second of a series which will provide information on patterns and trends for cancer, the largest cause of premature death and
disability in Queensland1.
Cancer incidence rates in Queensland are among the highest in the world. Incidence rates are fairly uniform across the state, with a
tendency to slightly lower rates recorded in remote and very remote areas.
The growth in new cases of cancer is largely being driven by population growth and ageing. The underlying cancer rate has increased
only slightly since 1982:
In 2012, 25,614 new cases of cancer were diagnosed; of these 14,513 were reported in males and 11,101 in females.
The most common cancer diagnoses in males were prostate cancer (28%) and melanoma (14%), followed by colorectal (11%)
and haematological cancers (10%).
The most common cancer diagnoses in females were breast cancer (28%), melanoma (13%), colorectal cancer (12%) and
haematological cancers (10%).
In children the most common diagnoses were haematological cancers (44%), cancers of the central nervous system (15%) and
cancers of bone and soft tissue (14%).
In 2021, an estimated 33,905 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in Queensland.
The prevalence of cancer is increasing as more people are diagnosed with cancer and survival improves:
By the end of 2012, more than 85,000 people were living with a diagnosis of cancer in the previous five years (nearly 2% of all
Queenslanders).
Prostate cancer followed by melanoma and breast cancer were the most prevalent.
Cancer survival appears to be improving for some cancers:
The average five-year relative survival for 2008-2012 was 70%, compared to 67% for 2003-2007.
The greatest gains were observed for myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and oesophageal cancer.
The number of cancer deaths continues to increase in Queensland:
In 2012, 4,856 deaths were attributed to cancer in males and 3,510 deaths to cancer in females.
Lung cancer was the most common cause of cancer death, accounting for 22% of deaths in males and 19% of deaths in females.
Prostate and colorectal cancers (14% and 11% respectively) were the next most common causes of cancer death in males, and
breast and colorectal cancers (15% and 13% respectively) the next most common causes of cancer death in females.
In 2021, an estimated 11,550 deaths will be attributed to cancer.
The mortality rate for cancer has been in decline since the mid-1990s. Mortality rates from cancer are fairly similar in remote and very
remote areas compared to major cities.
The presentation of cancer data by Queensland Hospital and Health Service demonstrates the significant regional variation in the
burden of cancer across the state.
Highlights and summary
Cancer projections
4
In 2021, an estimated 33,905 new cases of invasive cancers will be diagnosed among Queensland residents (Figure 1), while an
estimated 11,550 Queenslanders will die of the disease (Figure 2).
Figure 1: Expected cancer incidence, common cancers, Queensland, 2021
Nearly 60% of new cancers as well as cancer deaths will be among males. Prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain
the most commonly diagnosed cancers in males and females respectively, while lung cancer will continue to be the leading
cause of cancer death in both sexes. In Queensland melanoma rates are expected to continue to be the highest in the world
with more than 4400 cases expected to be diagnosed in 20213.
These projections provide an indication of the likely burden of cancer and the demand for the cancer services in 2021. As with
any forecast, they should be used with care and amended to reflect local trends whenever possible.
Cancer projections Queensland, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team. The figures, which have been rounded to the nearest five cases, are provided as a guide and should be used with care. Projections are calculated by applying the most recent of cancer rates (2012), stratified by age and sex, to the expected Queensland population in 2021.
30
45
45
125
195
450
220
320
480
580
1,395
525
1,105
1,400
1,715
3,965
1,810
0
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000
Female (N = 14,405)
40
95
195
155
205
170
685
750
760
725
01,380
1,860
2,045
2,275
35
2,655
5,470
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000
Male (N = 19,500)
Prostate
Melanoma
Breast
Colorectal
Haematological
Lung
Urological
Gynaecological
Hepatobiliary
Other
Upper GI
Head and neck
Endocrine
CNS and brain
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
Merkel
Ophthalmic
Figure 2: Expected cancer mortality, common cancers, Queensland, 2021
5
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team. The figures, which have been rounded to the nearest five cases, are provided as a guide and should be used with care. Projections are calculated by applying the most recent of cancer rates (2012), stratified by age and sex, to the expected Queensland population in 2021.
15
5
25
80
35
145
85
450
140
270
180
220
670
0
475
415
590
895
0 300 600 900 1,200 1,500
Female (N = 4,695)
5
25
25
75
190
185
275
0
335
295
480
445
10
975
595
690
780
1,470
03006009001,2001,500
Male (N = 6,850)
Lung
Colorectal
Haematological
Hepatobiliary
Prostate
Breast
Urological
Upper GI
Other
Melanoma
Gynaecological
Head and neck
CNS and brain
Mesothelioma
Bone and soft tissue
Endocrine
Merkel
Ophthalmic
Figure 3: Relationship between the projected increase in cancer incidence from 2012 to 2021 and the median age at diagnosis for common cancers (see text for details)
6
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 3 shows the expected relative increases in the incidence of common cancers from 2012 to 2021. Assuming no change in
incidence rates over this period, cancers which are common in older persons (e.g. lung cancers) are projected to increase at a
faster rate than cancers which are common in younger people (e.g. endocrine cancers). These trends are a direct consequence of
projected changes in the age distribution of Queensland over this period, as the number of people aged 65 years and older is
expected to grow at a much faster rate than the rest of the population.
Cancers which are more common in older people are projected to
increase at a faster rate than cancers which are more common in
younger people.
1 Lung
2 Colorectal
3 Hepatobiliary
4 Upper GI
5 Prostate
6 Urological
7 Haematological
8 Melanoma
9 Head and Neck
10 Gynaecological
11 Breast
12 Endocrine
74,6
2,3
1
98
1011
12
20%
22%
24%
26%
28%
30%
32%
34%
36%
38%
40%
45 50 55 60 65 70 75
% In
cre
ase
in in
cid
en
ce f
rom
20
12
to
20
21
Median age (years)
5
Cancer in Queensland
8
The number of new cases of cancer among Queensland residents has increased by more than 177% between 1982 and 2012. For
males, the number of new cases increased from 4,597 in 1982 to 14,513 (216%) in 2012; for females, the number of new cases
increased from 3,678 to 11,101 (202%). These increases are due largely to population growth and ageing (Figure 4).
Queensland’s population increased from 2.4 million in 1982 to 4.6 million in 2012, an increase of 92%, making Queensland one
of the fastest growing states in Australia and among the fastest in developed countries. The proportion of persons 65 years and
older also increased, from 9.7% in 1982 to 13.3% in 2012. Changes in cancer incidence rate accounted for only a small
proportion of the total increase in incidence.
Figure 4: Growth in new cases of cancer, Queensland 1982-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Incidence and mortality
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Nu
mb
er
of
ne
w c
ase
s
Year of diagnosis
Baseline cancer rate
Increasing cancer rate
Population Growth
Ageing
Figure 5: Trends in numbers and rates of new cases for all cancers, Queensland 1982-2012
9
ASR: Age-standardised rate per 100,000, standardised to 2001 Australian population.
Trends in incidence rates for all invasive cancers and the number of new cases diagnosed annually are summarised in Figure 5.
Since 2009 the incidence rate for all invasive female cancers has remained stable with approximately 444 per 100,000 population.
For males the incidence rate has decreased from 647 in 2009 to 627 per 100,000 population in 2012.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Year of diagnosis
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Nu
mb
er
of
ne
w c
ase
s
New cases, females New cases, males ASR, females ASR, males
Figure 6: Trends in numbers and rates of deaths for all cancers, Queensland 1982-2012
10
ASR: Age-standardised rate per 100,000, standardised to 2001 Australian population.
Mortality rates have been in decline since the mid 1990’s for both males
and females.
Mortality rates have been in decline since the mid-1990s for both males and females (Figure 6). The number of deaths, however,
has continued to rise due to the increase in the number of new cases each year and the ageing population.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Year of death
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Nu
mb
er
of
de
ath
s
Deaths, females Deaths, males ASR, females ASR, males
11
Most common cancers FIVE MOST COMMON CANCERS
In 2012 there were 25,614 new cases of cancer diagnosed and there were 8,366 deaths attributed to cancer (Figures 7 and 8).
The five most commonly diagnosed cancers in 2012 were prostate (4094 cases), melanoma (3443 cases), breast (3152 cases),
colorectal (2942 cases), and haematological (2581 cases). These cancers combined accounted for 63% of all cancer diagnoses.
MOST COMMON CANCERS BY SEX
Cancers were more common in males (14,513 new cases, 637 per 100,000) than in females (11,101 cases, 485 per 100,000). For
both sexes, three cancers accounted for over half of all incidence: in males, prostate cancer represented 28% of cases (4,094 cas-
es), followed by melanoma (2,017 cases) and colorectal cancer (1,658 cases), accounting for 14% and 11% of all male cancers
respectively. For females, breast cancer was the most common cancer representing 28% of cases (3,125 cases), followed by mela-
noma (1,426 cases) and colorectal cancer (1,284 cases), representing 13% and 12% respectively of cancers in females. Urological
and head and neck cancers were much more common in males than in females; with incidence rates almost three times higher.
On the other hand, endocrine cancers were close to three times more common in females than males (Figure 9).
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 7: Most common cancer diagnoses, Queensland, 2012
Prostate
Melanoma
Breast
ColorectalHaematological
All other cancers
Prostate ……..…………. 16%
Melanoma.…………….. 13%
Breast …………………… 12%
Colorectal………………. 11%
Haematological………. 10%
All other cancers ……. 37%
New CasesN = 25,614
12
Most common cancer deaths
MOST COMMON CANCER DEATHS
During 2012, lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death with 1711 deaths (20%). Colorectal cancer was the next common
cause of cancer death with 995 deaths (12%) followed by haematological cancer with 788 deaths (9%). More cancer deaths in
Queensland were recorded for males (4,856 deaths, 213 per 100,000) than for females (3,510 deaths, 153 per 100,000). Lung
cancer, prostate/breast cancer and colorectal cancer accounted for nearly half the deaths in both males (47%) and females
(47%) (Figure 10).
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 8: Most common cancer deaths, Queensland, 2012
The most common cancers in Queensland are prostate, breast,
colorectal and melanoma.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in
Queensland.
Lung
Colorectal
Haematological
All other cancers
Lung ……….…..…………. 20%
Colorectal .…………….. 12%
Haematological...…… 9%
Hepatobiliary…….….. 9%
Prostate ………….……... 8%
All other cancers ……. 41%
HepatobiliaryProstate
Death due to cancer
N = 8,366
Figure 9: Most common cancer diagnoses, Queensland, 2012
13
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal
Haematological
Lung
Urological
Head and neck
Hepatobiliary
Upper GI
CNS and BrainAll other cancers
Prostate ……..…………. 28%
Melanoma.…………….. 14%
Colorectal………………. 11%
Haematological………. 10%
Lung…………………………. 9%
Urological………………... 7%
Head and neck…………. 4%
Hepatobiliary…………... 4%
Upper GI………………….. 4%
CNS and Brain………….. 1%
All other cancers………. 7%
MaleN = 14,513
Breast
Melanoma
ColorectalHaematological
Gynaecological
Lung
Urological
Hepatobiliary
Endocrine
Upper GI
All other cancers
Breast ………………….. 28%
Melanoma……………. 13%
Colorectal…………….. 12%
Haematological……. 10%
Gynaecological…….. 10%
Lung………………………. 7%
Urological……………... 4%
Hepatobiliary………... 4%
Endocrine……………... 3%
Upper GI……………….. 2%
All other cancers…... 8%
FemaleN = 11,101
Figure 10: Most common cancer deaths, Queensland, 2012
14
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Lung
Prostate
Colorectal
Haematological
Hepatobiliary
Upper GI
Urological
Melanoma
Head and neck
CNS and Brain
All other cancers
Lung ……..……………… 22%
Prostate.………………. 14%
Colorectal…………….. 11%
Haematological……. 10%
Hepatobiliary………… 9%
Upper GI……………….. 7%
Urological……………… 6%
Melanoma…………….. 5%
Head and neck ……... 4%
CNS and Brain……….. 3%
All other cancers……. 9%
Male N = 4,856
Lung
Breast
Colorectal
Gynaecological
Hepatobiliary
Haematological
Urological
Upper GI
Melanoma
CNS & Brain
All other cancers
Lung …………………….. 19%
Breast ………………….. 15%
Colorectal ……………. 13%
Gynaecological…….. 10%
Hepatobiliary……….. 10%
Haematological…….. 9%
Urological……………... 5%
Upper GI……..………... 4%
Melanoma…………….. 3%
CNS & Brain…………… 3%
All other cancers….. 11%
Female N = 3,510
15
AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE RATES
Cancer incidence rates increase with age in both sexes (Figure 11). After childhood, incidence rates are slightly lower for males
than females until around the age of 50, beyond which incidence rates for males increase sharply. The higher rate for males
over 55 reflects the higher rates for cancers common in older males, including prostate, colorectal and lung cancer. The slightly
higher rate for females in the younger age groups reflects the contribution of breast cancer to the cancer burden in this cohort.
Figure 11: Incidence rates for all cancers, by age at diagnosis, Queensland, 2008-2012
New cases and deaths by age
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
Age
-sp
eci
fic
rate
s p
er
10
0,0
00
Age at diagnosis
Male
Female
All
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
16
CANCER BY AGE GROUP
Cancers in childhood (0-14 years) represent 0.5% of all newly diagnosed cancers; cancer in adolescents and young adults (aged
15-24 years) represent 0.9% of cancers and adults aged 25-34 years and 35-44 years represent 2.4% and 5.2% respectively
(Figure 12). The incidence of new cancers is highest in adults aged 65-74 years (28.1%), followed by adults 55-64 years (22.9%)
and adults aged 75-84 (19.3%).
Figure 12: Cancer by age group, Queensland, 2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Age 0-14
Age 15-24
Age 25-34
Age 35-44
Age 45-54
Age 55-64
Age 65-74
Age 75-84
Age 85+ Age 0-14 ……..… 0.5%
Age 15-24……… 0.9%
Age 25-34……… 2.4%
Age 35-44……… 5.2%
Age 45-54……. 12.7%
Age 55-64……. 22.9%
Age 65-74……… 28.1%
Age 75-84……… 19.3%
Age 85+..……..… 8.0%
New Cases N = 25,614
Age 0-14
Age 15-24
Age 25-34
Age 35-44
Age 45-54
Age 55-64
Age 65-74
Age 75-84
Age 85+
Age 0-14 ……..… 0.3%
Age 15-24……… 0.3%
Age 25-34……… 0.8%
Age 35-44……… 1.7%
Age 45-54…….. 6.6%
Age 55-64…….. 16.6%
Age 65-74….…… 26.1%
Age 75-84……… 29.4%
Age 85+..……..… 18.2%
Death dueto Cancer
N = 8,366
Cancer deaths are much more common in adults aged 65 years and older compared to younger adults (aged 15-24 years). Cancer
mortality rates were 1,014 and four per 100,000 in older (65+) and younger adults respectively. Deaths due to cancer are relatively
uncommon in persons under 45 years of age, accounting for less than 5% of all cancer deaths.
17
MOST COMMON CANCERS BY AGE GROUP
Haematological cancersi were the most common cancer diagnosis in childhood (44%), followed by cancers of the central nervous
system (15%) and bone and soft tissue (14%)(Figure 13).
Figure 13: The top five most common cancer diagnoses by age group, Queensland, 2008-2012
Among adolescents and young adults (15-24 years), melanoma was the most frequently diagnosed cancer (29%), followed by
haematological cancers (25%) and urological cancers (12%). Melanoma, haematological and urological cancers were also the 3
most frequent cancers for the age group of 25-34 years. Melanoma and breast cancer were the most common cancers
diagnosed at age 35-44 (26% and 22% respectively), with haematological and endocrine cancers accounting for 9% and 7% of
new cases respectively. Prostate cancer was more commonly diagnosed in older Queenslanders, representing 22% of the total in
the 55-64 age group and 23% in the 65-74 age group. Colorectal cancer was similarly more common in these age groups
representing 10% in the 55-64 year olds and 13% in those aged 65-74. Colorectal cancer is the most commonly diagnosed
cancer in the 75-84 age group and the 85+ age group.
i. The term ‘haematological cancers’ includes all haematological malignancies, for example, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non -Hodgkin lymphoma and the leukaemias.
Abbreviations: Bone & ST: Bone and soft tissue / CNS & brain: Central nervous system and brain / CRC: Colorectal / Endo: Endocrine / Gyn: Gynaecological / Haem: Haema-
tological / Uro: Urological
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most cancers and cancer-related deaths occur in Queenslanders after the
age of 55 years.
The pattern of cancers noted in childhood and adolescents is completely
different to the patterns recognised in adult cohorts.
16%
16%
23%
22%
23%
16%
12%
15%
13%
13%
17%
26%
32%
29%
13%
10%
12%
11%
12%
11%
22%
12%
10%
10%
9%
9%
11%
12%
10%
12%
8%
7%
11%
25%
44%
10%
15%
12%
14%
10%
9%
7%
6%
10%
7%
6%
9%
10%
10%
8%
43%
35%
33%
34%
33%
30%
27%
18%
15%
37%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
85+
75-84
65-74
55-64
45-54
35-44
25-34
15-24
0-14
All
Age
Gro
up
Nu
mb
er
of
ne
wca
ses
Breast Other
N = 1,065
N = 2,984
N = 28,780
N = 23,701
N = 9,705
MelanomaProstate HaemCRCN = 121,628
N = 667
N = 6,710
N = 32,536
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Haem
Melanoma Haem Uro Endo Bone & ST
Melanoma
Melanoma
CNS & Brain Bone & ST Uro Endo
Haem Uro EndoBreast
Breast Haem Endo CRC
Breast Melanoma CRC HaemProstate
Prostate Breast Melanoma CRC Lung
Prostate Lung Melanoma BreastCRC
CRC Prostate Lung Haem Melanoma
CRC Haem Melanoma Prostate Lung
N = 15,480
18
Incidence rates for all invasive cancers varied by remoteness for both males and females (Figure 14; see the Glossary for a
definition of remoteness). Remote and very remote areas tended to have a lower incidence rate for all cancers compared to
other regions.
Figure 14: Cancer incidence rates by remoteness of residence, Queensland, 2012
At the Hospital and Health Service (HHS) level, age-standardised incidence rates varied across the state for all invasive cancers
considered collectively and for the most common cancers (Figure 15). Differences in regional variation in incidence rates were
also evident for both sexes. Reasons for the variations are diverse and complex and include exposure to environmental factors,
socioeconomic status, access to health services and chance.2
ii. In the interest of completeness, incidence and mortality rates have been included for all hospital and health services including those with fewer than 16 cases. Incidence and mortality rates based on small numbers of cases should be interpreted with caution due to the poor reliability of rate calculations based on small numbers. For example, the relative standard error (RSE) will be equal or greater than 25% when incidence rates are based on fewer than 16 cases. For more information, refer to the technical notes available at: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/npcr/uscs/2007/technical_notes/stat_methods/supression.htm
Regional, national and international variation in incidenceii
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Remote & very remote
Inner regional
Queensland
Major city
Outer regional
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Females
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Remote & very remote
Major city
Queensland
Inner regional
Outer regional
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
Figure 15: Cancer incidence rates by Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, 2012
19
Note: Incidence rates for hospital and health services with fewer than 16 cases should be treated with caution. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
North West
Central West
Central Queensland
Sunshine Coast
Mackay
Wide Bay
Gold Coast
West Moreton
Metro South
QUEENSLAND
Townsville
Darling Downs
Metro North
Torres and Cape
Cairns and Hinterland
South West
Females
All Cancers
0 200 400 600 800
North West
South West
Torres and Cape
Cairns and Hinterland
Mackay
Sunshine Coast
Metro South
Darling Downs
QUEENSLAND
West Moreton
Gold Coast
Metro North
Central Queensland
Wide Bay
Central West
Townsville
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
Central West
Torres and Cape
North West
Wide Bay
Central Queensland
West Moreton
Darling Downs
Sunshine Coast
Metro South
Gold Coast
QUEENSLAND
Townsville
Metro North
Cairns and Hinterland
Mackay
South West
Breast Cancer (Females)
Breast and Prostate Cancers
0 50 100 150 200 250
Torres and Cape
South West
Cairns and Hinterland
Darling Downs
Sunshine Coast
Metro South
North West
Central West
West Moreton
QUEENSLAND
Gold Coast
Metro North
Mackay
Wide Bay
Central Queensland
Townsville
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Prostate Cancer
20
Central West
Torres and Cape
Central Queensland
Metro South
Wide Bay
Mackay
South West
QUEENSLAND
Gold Coast
Townsville
Sunshine Coast
Cairns and Hinterland
West Moreton
Metro North
Darling Downs
North West
Females
Colorectal Cancer
0 20 40 60 80 100
Metro South
Metro North
Sunshine Coast
Townsville
Mackay
Gold Coast
QUEENSLAND
South West
Wide Bay
North West
Darling Downs
West Moreton
Central Queensland
Cairns and Hinterland
Torres and Cape
Central West
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
Torres and Cape
North West
Mackay
Central Queensland
Central West
Metro South
Townsville
QUEENSLAND
Sunshine Coast
South West
Metro North
Cairns and Hinterland
Darling Downs
Wide Bay
Gold Coast
West Moreton
Females
Melanoma
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
North West
Torres and Cape
Central Queensland
Mackay
South West
Cairns and Hinterland
Metro South
Wide Bay
West Moreton
QUEENSLAND
Townsville
Metro North
Darling Downs
Sunshine Coast
Gold Coast
Central West
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
21
Cancer incidence rates in Queensland are among the highest in the world (Figure 16). Cancer rates are somewhat higher than
most other developed parts of the world and substantially higher than the less developed regions.
Figure 16: Cancer incidence rates for selected international regions and Queensland, 2012
Note: Cancer incidence estimated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) for 2012 (GLOBOCAN 2012)3 except for Queensland which is based on Queensland Oncology Repository data for 2012. All rates are standardised to World Standard Population. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Note: Cancer incidence estimated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) for 2012 (GLOBOCAN 2012)3 except for Queensland which is based on Queensland Oncology Repository data for 2012. All rates are standardised to World Standard Population. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
South-Eastern Asia
World
Japan
Germany
United Kingdom
New Zealand
Canada
Australia
Queensland
Denmark
Females
All Cancers
0 100 200 300 400 500
South-Eastern Asia
World
Japan
United Kingdom
New Zealand
Canada
Germany
Denmark
Australia
Queensland
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
South-Eastern Asia
World
Japan
Canada
New Zealand
Australia
Germany
Queensland
United Kingdom
Denmark
Breast Cancer (Females)
Breast and Prostate Cancers
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
South-Eastern Asia
Japan
World
United Kingdom
Germany
Canada
Denmark
New Zealand
Queensland
Australia
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Prostate Cancer
22
Cancer incidence rates in Queensland are among the highest in the world.
Geographic variation is a feature of cancer in Queensland.
South-Eastern Asia
World
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
Canada
Queensland
Australia
New Zealand
Denmark
Females
Colorectal Cancer
0 10 20 30 40 50
South-Eastern Asia
World
United Kingdom
Germany
New Zealand
Japan
Canada
Queensland
Australia
Denmark
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
South-Eastern Asia
Japan
World
Canada
Germany
United Kingdom
Denmark
Australia
New Zealand
Queensland
Females
Melanoma
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
South-Eastern Asia
Japan
World
Canada
Germany
United Kingdom
Denmark
New Zealand
Australia
Queensland
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
23
Regional, national and international variation in mortality Mortality rates for all invasive cancers varied only slightly by remoteness for both males and females (Figure 17). For both
males and females remote and very remote areas had slightly lower cancer mortality rates than other areas.
At the Hospital and Health Service (HHS) level, age-standardised mortality rates varied across the state for all invasive cancers
considered collectively as well as for the most common cancers (Figure 18). Reasons for the variations are diverse and
complex and include exposure to environmental factors, socioeconomic status, access to health services and chance. It should
be noted that remote HHS have small populations and estimates of mortality rates based on such small numbers may not be
as accurate as those areas with larger populations.
While cancer incidence rates in Queensland are among the highest in the world (Figure 16), mortality rates overall compare
favourably with other regions (Figure 19). Cancer mortality rates vary widely according to the cancer site and by sex.
Mortality rates attributable to breast cancer are lower than most of the selected international regions, while rates due to
prostate cancer are somewhat higher. Lung cancer mortality rates are average in females but the lowest on average in males.
24
Figure 17: Cancer mortality rates by remoteness of residence, Queensland, 2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Cancer mortality rates in remote areas of Queensland are similar to
major cities.
0 50 100 150 200 250
Remote & very remote
Inner regional
Major city
Queensland
Outer regional
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Females
0 50 100 150 200 250
Major city
Queensland
Inner regional
Outer regional
Remote & very remote
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
Figure 18: Cancer mortality rates by Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, 2012
25
Note: Where no cases were reported during 2012, the graph is intentionally left blank Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
North West
Metro North
Sunshine Coast
Torres and Cape
Central West
Townsville
Central Queensland
Wide Bay
QUEENSLAND
Gold Coast
Metro South
Darling Downs
West Moreton
Cairns and Hinterland
Mackay
South West
Females
All Cancers
0 100 200 300
Sunshine Coast
Darling Downs
Central West
Mackay
Metro North
North West
Gold Coast
Cairns and Hinterland
QUEENSLAND
Townsville
Metro South
West Moreton
Central Queensland
Wide Bay
Torres and Cape
South West
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
North West
Central Queensland
Central West
Metro North
West Moreton
Darling Downs
Metro South
QUEENSLAND
Gold Coast
Cairns and Hinterland
South West
Sunshine Coast
Torres and Cape
Townsville
Wide Bay
Mackay
Females
Lung Cancer
0 20 40 60 80 100
Torres and Cape
Mackay
West Moreton
Sunshine Coast
Gold Coast
Metro North
Darling Downs
Townsville
Metro South
QUEENSLAND
North West
Cairns and Hinterland
Wide Bay
Central Queensland
Central West
South West
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
26
0 20 40 60 80
Torres and Cape
Cairns and Hinterland
West Moreton
Sunshine Coast
Metro North
South West
Townsville
Gold Coast
Central Queensland
QUEENSLAND
Metro South
Mackay
Wide Bay
Darling Downs
North West
Central West
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Prostate Cancer
North West
Sunshine Coast
Torres and Cape
Metro North
Wide Bay
Gold Coast
West Moreton
Townsville
Metro South
QUEENSLAND
Cairns and Hinterland
Central West
Mackay
Central Queensland
Darling Downs
South West
Females
Colorectal Cancer
0 20 40 60 80 100
Metro North
Darling Downs
Metro South
Sunshine Coast
Gold Coast
Central West
QUEENSLAND
Townsville
Cairns and Hinterland
Central Queensland
Wide Bay
Mackay
West Moreton
South West
North West
Torres and Cape
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
North West
Torres and Cape
Central West
Wide Bay
Central Queensland
Metro South
Sunshine Coast
Metro North
Darling Downs
QUEENSLAND
Mackay
Gold Coast
Townsville
Cairns and Hinterland
West Moreton
South West
Breast Cancer (Females)
Breast and Prostate Cancers
Figure 19: Cancer mortality rates for selected international regions and Queensland, 2012
27
Source: Cancer mortality estimated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) for 2012 (GLOBOCAN 2012)3 except for Queensland which is based on Queensland Oncology Repository data for 2012. All rates are standardised to World Standard Population. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Japan
South-Eastern Asia
Queensland
Australia
World
Germany
Canada
New Zealand
United Kingdom
Denmark
Females
All Cancers
0 50 100 150
South-Eastern Asia
New Zealand
Australia
Canada
Queensland
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
World
Denmark
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
Japan
South-Eastern Asia
World
Australia
Germany
Queensland
New Zealand
United Kingdom
Canada
Denmark
Females
Lung Cancer
0 10 20 30 40
Queensland
New Zealand
Australia
South-Eastern Asia
Japan
World
United Kingdom
Germany
Canada
Denmark
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
28
Japan
World
Queensland
Canada
Australia
South-Eastern Asia
Germany
New Zealand
United Kingdom
Denmark
Breast Cancer (Females)
Breast and Prostate Cancers
0 5 10 15 20
Japan
South-Eastern Asia
World
Canada
Germany
New Zealand
Australia
United Kingdom
Queensland
Denmark
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Prostate Cancer
South-Eastern Asia
World
Australia
Germany
United Kingdom
Canada
Queensland
Japan
Denmark
New Zealand
Females
Colorectal Cancer
0 5 10 15 20
South-Eastern Asia
World
Australia
United Kingdom
Germany
Canada
Queensland
Japan
Denmark
New Zealand
Age-standardised rate per 100,000
Males
Overall Queensland cancer mortality rates compare favourably with the
rest of Australia and other countries.
29
Prevalence Prevalence represents the number of people living with a chronic condition such as cancer and is a measure of the burden of the
disease for the individual, families and society. The prevalence of cancer is increasing in Queensland as more people are
diagnosed with the disease and survival improves. By the end of 2012, more than 85,000 people were living with a diagnosis of
cancer in the previous five years, representing nearly 2% of all Queenslanders. Cancer prevalence is summarised in Table 1.
Table 1: Five-year prevalence, most common cancers, Queensland, 31 December 2012
Prostate cancer had the highest prevalence, due to high incidence and good survival, followed by melanoma and breast cancer.
These three cancers accounted for more than half (52%) of all cancers prevalent in Queenslanders. It is worth noting that lung
cancer, representing 9% of all new cancers, has a relatively low prevalence (3,158 cases or 3.6% of all cancers) due to relatively
poor survival.iii
The prevalence of common cancers by time since diagnosis is shown in Figure 20. For cancers with relatively long survival times
such as melanoma and breast cancer, increasing time since diagnosis is associated with increasing prevalence; for cancers with
short survival times such as lung cancer, increasing time since diagnosis is associated with smaller proportional increase in
prevalence. It has been pointed out that the time periods used for prevalence approximate different periods of the patient
journey, from post-diagnosis and primary treatment (<1 year), through to follow-up (1 to 5 years) and long-term survivorship (>5
years).5
Figure 20: Prevalence for the most common cancers, by time since diagnosis, Queensland, 31 Dec 2012
iii. Note: Prevalence data is for International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition (ICD-03) site C33, C34: Trachea, bronchus and lung.
*Percent of Queensland population as at 30 December 2012 (4.56 million) (Australian Bureau of Statistics) Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Both sexes Male Female
Count Percent* Count Percent* Count Percent*
All cancers 87,879 1.92 49,088 1.07 38,791 0.85
Prostate 17,845 0.39 17,845 0.39
Melanoma 14,452 0.32 8,345 0.18 6,107 0.13
Breast 13,433 0.29 90 0.00 13,343 0.29
Colorectal 10,342 0.23 5,751 0.13 4,591 0.10
Lymphoma 3,713 0.08 2,092 0.05 1,621 0.04
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
Lung Colorectal Prostate Female Breast Melanoma
Nu
mb
er
of
pre
vale
nt
case
s
1-year
5-years
10-years
15-years
30
Survival Relative survival is a measure of the survival of a group of persons with a condition, such as cancer, relative to a comparable
group from the general population without the condition. For cancer, five-year relative survival represents the proportion of
patients alive five years after diagnosis, taking into account age, gender and year of diagnosis.
Survival varies widely and depends on the type of cancer. Thus, five-year survival ratios vary from over 98% for testicular cancer
to under 7% for pancreatic cancer (Figure 21). Considered collectively, the average survival ratio for all invasive cancer from 2008-
2012 is 69.5%.
Figure 21: Five year relative survival for the most common cancers diagnosed in Queensland, 2003-2007 vs 2008-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Pancreatic
Mesothelioma
Lung
Liver
Oesophageal
Brain
Stomach
Myeloma
Ovarian
Head and Neck
Bladder
Leukaemia
Colorectal
All Invasive Cancers
Gynaecological
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Kidney
Cervical
Uterine
Hodgin Lymphoma
Prostate
Breast
Melanoma
Thyroid
Testicular
5-Year relative survival (%)
2003-2007
2008-2012
31
The relative survival ratios for many common cancers appear to be improving, with greatest gains between 2003-2007 and
2008-2012 observed for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma and oesophageal cancer (Figure 21). Smaller increases in survival
are also noted for lung, prostate and liver cancers. Improvements in survival may be related to earlier detection and improved
treatments. The declines in survival ratios for mesothelioma, bladder, melanoma and cervical cancer are more difficult to
explain, but may include changes in patient characteristics, treatment practices and chance.
Figure 22: Five-year relative survival for the most common cancers, Queensland, 1982-1992 to 2008-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Cancer survival rates in Queensland have improved, with the greatest gains
observed for breast and prostate cancer.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1982-1992 1993-1997 1998-2002 2003-2007 2008-2012
5-y
ear
re
lati
ve s
urv
ival
Years of diagnosis
Males
Melanoma
Prostate
Colorectal
Lung
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1982-1992 1993-1997 1998-2002 2003-2007 2008-2012
5-y
ear
re
lati
ve s
urv
ival
Years of diagnosis
Females
Melanoma
Breast
Colorectal
Lung
32
Incidence and mortality trends: Most common cancers
Trends in incidence or mortality can be characterised by the rate of change and summarised by the annual percentage change
(APC) and may be positive (rates increasing) or negative (rates decreasing). Cancer incidence and mortality trends for the most
common cancers are summarised in Table 2 and Figures 23 to 26. Rates of change which are statistically significant are
highlighted in Table 2.
Table 2: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, Queensland, 1982-2012
* Indicates a significant increase or decrease in annual percentage change (APC). Abbreviations: APS: annual percentage change; GI: gastrointestinal; CNS: Central nervous system (including brain).
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer Period APC Period APC Period APC Period APC
All cancers 1982-1986 -0.4 1982-1998 1.4* 1982-1994 0.5* 1982-1996 0.4*
1986-1994 2.6* 1998-2012 0.1 1994-2012 -1.3* 1996-2012 -1.0*
1994-2001 -0.7
2001-2008 1.1*
2008-2012 -1.1
Prostate 1982-1988 0.0 1982-1993 3.4*
1988-1994 11.0* 1993-2012 -1.8*
1994-1997 -12.1
1997-2008 4.4*
2008-2012 -3.3
Female Breast 1982-1999 2.1* 1982-1993 0.6
1999-2012 0.1 1993-2012 -2.2*
Colorectal 1982-2000 1.1* 1982-1990 -0.7 1982-1994 1.0* 1982-2012 -1.4*
2000-2012 -1.1* 1990-1993 3.6 1994-2012 -2.1*
1993-2010 -0.2
2010-2012 -5.6
Melanoma 1982-1997 3.2* 1982-1986 6.6* 1982-2012 1.5* 1982-2012 0.5*
1997-2012 0.6 1986-1993 -1.5
1993-1996 5.7
1996-2012 0.2
Haematological 1982-2000 2.6* 1982-2000 2.6* 1982-1998 1.3* 1982-1997 1.5*
2000-2012 0.1 2000-2012 -0.3 1998-2012 -1.6* 1997-2012 -2.2*
Hepatobiliary 1982-1984 -11.1 1982-2012 0.8* 1982-2012 1* 1982-2012 0.7*
1984-2000 1.9*
2000-2004 -2.7
2004-2007 8.0
2007-2012 -1.2
Gynaecological 1982-2008 -0.8* 1982-2012 -1.1*
2008-2012 2.4
Lung 1982-2012 -1.4* 1982-2009 2.6* 1982-2012 -1.5* 1982-2002 3.0*
2009-2012 -3.6 2002-2012 0.9
Urological 1982-1997 0.7* 1982-1994 1.8* 1982-2012 -0.5* 1982-1991 3.2*
1997-2012 -1.5 1994-2012 -1.1* 1991-2012 -1.4*
Head and neck 1982-2012 -0.7* 1982-1993 1.8* 1982-2012 -0.9* 1982-2012 -0.5
1993-2001 -2.3
2001-2012 1.2
Endocrine 1982-2012 4.3* 1982-2012 5.7* 1982-2012 -0.3 1982-2012 0.7
Upper GI 1982-2012 -0.8* 1982-2012 -1.0* 1982-2012 -1.5* 1982-2012 -2.0*
CNS 1982-2012 0.5* 1982-2012 0.0 1982-2012 0.4 1982-1988 4.6
1988-2012 -0.7*
33
Most common cancers
PROSTATE CANCER
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males (Figure 9). Incidence rates increased significantly between 1988-1994 (Table
2), coinciding with the increased use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. The incidence rate declined between 1994 and
1997, probably due to the identification of most prevalent cases by the new diagnostic procedures, before increasing significantly
again between 1997 and 2008. For the most recent 5 years incidence rates have been decreasing at an annual rate of 3.3%.
Mortality rates from prostate cancer peaked in Queensland in 1993 and thereafter have declined at an annual rate of 1.8% (Table
2; Figure 25). The decline in mortality rates is not clearly understood. Increased PSA testing may be a contributing factor, although
this is controversial.6, 7, 8, 9 It is also suggested that improved treatment of early-stage disease with surgery or radiotherapy, or
better treatment of advanced cancers with anti-androgenic therapies may be contributing to the lower rates of mortality.10
FEMALE BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females (Figure 9). Incidence rates increased significantly between 1982 and 1999
(Table 2), in large part a reflection of increased breast cancer screening during this period. Incidence rates since 1999 have
remained fairly constant (slight increase 0.1% per year). Mortality rates peaked in the 1990s and rates have declined by 2.2% per
year since 1993 (Figure 25). The decrease, which is significant and has been observed in other countries, is likely due to more
effective anticancer treatments11 along with increased participation in breast screening.12 Between January 2011 and December
2012, 436,216 women were screened by BreastScreen Queensland; of these 292,571 (67.1%) were in the 50-69 year-old target
group.13
MELANOMA
Australia has the highest incidence rate of melanoma of any country and Queensland has the highest rate of any Australian state
or territory.10 Melanoma is the second most common cancer in Queensland (Figure 7). Incidence rates for melanoma have
continued to rise in both males and females (Table 2), particularly in the 1980s and 1990s. Mortality rates have also risen
significantly in both males and females (APC 1.5%, 0.5% respectively; Table 2). Incidence rates for melanoma are susceptible to
fluctuations in public awareness.
COLORECTAL CANCER
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in Queensland (Figure 7). While the incidence rate of colorectal cancer in
females varied insignificantly over the period 1982 to 2012, incidence rates in males increased significantly between 1982 and
2000 (APC 1.1%) before declining significantly thereafter at a rate of 1.1% per year (Table 2). Mortality rates for males decreased
significantly after 1994 (APC -2.1%); rates for females on the other hand have decreased steadily and significantly over the entire
period (APC -1.4%).
HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
The incidence of haematological malignancies increased significantly in both males and females, reaching a peak in the year 2000
and declining slightly or remaining fairly steady thereafter (Table 2, Figure 24). Mortality rates also increased, peaking a few years
earlier (1998 for males, 1997 for females) before decreasing significantly thereafter (APC -1.6% for males; -2.2% for females). The
decreases in mortality (most likely) reflect the slight decline in incidence combined with improved chemotherapy treatments,
particularly for young patients.14
LUNG CANCER
Lung cancer incidence rates declined significantly between 1982 and 2012 for males (APC-1.4%). For females rates increased
significantly between 1982 and 2009 (APC 2.6%) and only recent years have decreased but not significantly (Table 2). Mortality
rates followed similar trends for males with again a significant decrease (APC -1.5%) whereas female mortality rates have
continued to increase (significantly between years 1982 and 2002, APC 3.0%; Figure 26). The differences in incidence and
mortality rates between males and females have been attributed to past patterns of smoking prevalence.10 Lung cancer is the
leading cause of cancer deaths in females, exceeding those due to breast cancer (Figure 10).
ENDOCRINE CANCERS
Endocrine cancers are increasing in incidence, particularly in females (Figure 24). The annual percentage change (APC) over the
period 1982 to 2012 was 4.3% in males, and 5.7% in females, making these cancers among the most rapidly changing cancers in
Queensland (Table 2). Mortality rates, however, have remained relatively stable over this period. The increase in incidence is
largely due to increases in the incidence of thyroid cancer in females, with three out of four thyroid cancer occurring in females
(74%) and thyroid cancer representing 94% of all new endocrine cancers in 2012.
UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT CANCERS
The incidence of cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract (stomach, oesophagus and small intestine) declined by around 1% per
year since 1982 (Table 2); these changes are significant. Mortality rates also decreased significantly since 1982 (APC -1.5% in
males, -2.0% in females) (Table 2; Figure 26), mirroring trends in other countries.15
HEPATOBILIARY CANCERS
Incidence rates for hepatobiliary cancers varied in males during the period 1982 to 2012 while incidence rates for females
increased significantly (APC 0.8%; Table 2; Figure 24). Mortality rates for both sexes have increased by 1.0% in males and 0.7% per
year in females (both significant).
Endocrine cancers are amongst the most rapidly changing cancers due to a
significant increase in thyroid cancer in females.
Melanoma incidence rates in Queensland - the highest in the world - have not
changed significantly over the past decade.
34
Figure 24: Incidence trends for the most rapidly changing cancers, Queensland, 1982-2012
35
Abbreviation: ASR: Age-standardised rate per 100,000.
Figure 23: Incidence trends for the most common cancers, Queensland, 1982-2012
Abbreviation: ASR: Age-standardised rate per 100,000. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis
Males
Lung
Urological
Haematological
Hepatobiliary
Endocrine0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis
Females
Haematological
Lung
Urological
Hepatobiliary
Endocrine
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis
Males
Prostate
Colorectal
Melanoma 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis
Females
Breast
Colorectal
Melanoma
Figure 26: Mortality trends for the most rapidly changing cancers, Queensland, 1982-2012
36
Abbreviation: ASR: Age-standardised rate per 100,000. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 25: Mortality trends for the most common cancers, Queensland, 1982-2012
Abbreviation: ASR: Age-standardised rate per 100,000. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
era
ge)
Year of death
Males
Lung
Haematological
Upper GI
Urological
Hepatobiliary 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Year of death
Females
Lung
Haematological
Gynaecological
Upper GI
Urological
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
AS
R (
3-y
ea
r m
ov
ing
av
era
ge
)
Year of death
Males
Prostate
Colorectal
Melanoma 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
AS
R (
3-y
ea
r m
ov
ing
av
era
ge
)
Year of death
Females
Breast
Colorectal
Melanoma
37
Incidence and mortality trends by age group Table 3: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-specific incidence rates, most common cancers, by age group,
Queensland, 1982-2012
Males Females
Trend § 2008-2012 Trend § 2008-2012
Age group Cancer+ New cases Average rate‡ Period APC New cases Average rate‡ Period APC
0-14 All cancers 360 15.9 1982-2012 0.0 307 14.3 1982-2012 1.0*
Haematological 162 7.1 1982-2012 0.1 132 6.2 1982-2012 1.5*
CNS 60 2.7 1982-2012 0.4 41 1.9 1982-2012 3.2
Bone and soft tissue 48 2.1 1982-2012 0.1 43 2.0 1982-2012 3.5*
Urological 21 0.9 1982-2012 5.5 24 1.1 1982-2012 -4.2
Endocrine 20 0.9 1982-2012 0.6 17 0.8 1982-2012 -2.0
15-24 All cancers 560 35.6 1996-2012 -1.6* 505 33.4 1996-2012 -1.9*
Melanoma 142 9.1 1994-2012 -4.5* 170 11.2 1995-2012 -5.3*
Haematological 143 9.1 1982-2012 1.5* 119 7.8 1982-2012 2.1*
Urological 126 8.0 1982-2012 1.9* 5 0.3 1982-2012 9.8
Endocrine 21 1.3 1982-2012 7.1 79 5.2 1982-2012 4.4*
Bone & soft tissue 50 3.2 1982-2012 1.3 20 1.3 1982-2012 13.6
25-34 All cancers 1,257 81.4 1996-2012 -0.9* 1,727 112.8 1982-2012 0.1
Melanoma 304 19.7 2001-2012 -0.8 19 1.3 1982-2012 -0.6*
Haematological 417 27.0 1991-2012 -0.4 525 34.3 1982-2012 1.1*
Urological 304 19.7 1982-2012 1.8* 19 1.3 1982-2012 11.2
Female Breast 294 19.2 1982-2012 0.5
Endocrine 54 3.5 1982-2012 13.6* 240 15.7 1982-2012 4.2*
35-44 All cancers 2,580 165.0 1982-2012 0.5* 4,130 259.9 1982-2012 0.4*
Melanoma 829 53.0 1987-2012 -0.4 903 56.8 1982-2012 -0.1
Female Breast 1,491 93.9 1982-2012 1.1*
Haematological 328 21.0 1982-2012 0.7* 254 16.0 1982-2012 1.5*
Endocrine 91 5.8 1982-2012 4.4* 366 23.0 1982-2012 6.1*
Colorectal 202 12.9 1982-2012 0.2 216 13.6 1982-2012 -0.3
45-54 All cancers 7,122 481.7 1982-2012 0.8* 8,358 553.3 1982-2012 0.6*
Female Breast 3,483 230.6 1993-2012 0.3
Melanoma 1,359 91.9 1998-2012 -1.1 1,229 81.4 1982-2012 0.8*
Prostate 1,637 110.8 2009-2012 -6.4
Colorectal 762 51.5 1982-2012 -0.9* 622 41.2 1988-2012 -0.9*
Haematological 747 50.6 1982-2012 1.4* 522 34.6 1982-2012 1.7*
55-64 All cancers 17,317 1,387.3 2008-2012 -0.6 11,463 925.8 1998-2012 -0.2
Prostate 6,414 514.1 2007-2012 -2.0
Female Breast 3,811 308.0 2001-2012 -1.2
Melanoma 2,190 175.3 1987-2012 1.5* 1,321 106.6 1982-2012 1.4*
Colorectal 1,759 141.0 1995-2012 -2.5* 1,143 92.5 1995-2012 -2.5*
Lung 1,380 110.7 1982-2012 -2.6* 1,019 82.4 1982-2012 1.3*
65-74 All cancers 20,923 2,644.6 1993-2012 0.1 11,613 1,475.9 1999-2012 0.1
Prostate 7,351 928.8 2007-2012 -0.9
Colorectal 2,596 329.4 2001-2012 -1.8* 1,704 218.5 2008-2012 -9.1*
Lung 2,229 281.8 1982-2012 -1.5* 1,227 156.5 1982-2012 2.8*
Melanoma 2,247 282.7 1998-2012 1.3* 1,168 147.9 1982-2012 2.0*
Female Breast 3,122 395.9 1982-2012 1.8*
38
Tables 3 and 4 and Figure 27 show incidence and mortality rate trends for the period 1982-2012 for the most common cancers
according to age.
CHILDHOOD CANCERS
In children aged 0-14 years, cancer incidence and mortality rates were higher in boys than girls (Figure 27). Cancer incidence rates
for boys were relatively stable over the period 1982-2012, both for all cancers combined and the common cancers of childhood
with the exception of urological cancer which demonstrates an increase over this period, although was not statistically
significant. In contrast, incidence rates for all combined increased significantly for girls between 1982 and 2012 (APC 1.0%). The
incidence of haematological cancers and cancers of bone and soft tissue in girls increased by 1.5% and 3.5% per year respectively
during this period (Table 3).
Considering all cancers together, cancer mortality rates declined significantly in both boys and girls during this period. The
decreases in mortality are likely due to improvements in treatment, particularly for the haematological cancers which are the
most common cancers in childhood (Table 4).
+ The five most common cancers in each age group are listed.
‡ Average annual age-specific incidence rate per 100,000 for the period 2008-2012. Rates for fewer than 16 cases are presented for completeness but should be treated
with caution.
§ Trends were analysed for 1982-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire time period, the annual percentage change (APC) in the most recent time
period is shown.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC.
Abbreviations: APC: annual percentage change; CNS: Central nervous system (including brain).
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Males Females
2008-2012 Trend § 2008-2012 Trend §
Age group Cancer+ New cases Average rate‡ Period APC New cases Average rate‡ Period APC
75-84 All cancers 14,312 3,572.7 1993-2012 -0.3* 9,389 1,949.5 1998-2012 0.2
Colorectal 1,987 495.5 1982-2012 0.6* 1,787 371.2 1982-2012 0.8*
Prostate 3,448 862.7 2008-2012 -5.9
Lung 1,879 469.1 1982-2012 -0.1 1,024 212.8 1982-2012 4.3*
Haematological 1,590 396.9 2002-2012 -0.3 1,170 242.9 2001-2012 -0.2
Melanoma 1,630 406.6 1993-2012 2.3* 803 166.5 1984-2012 2.0*
85+ All cancers 4,788 4,091.5 1989-2012 -0.3* 4,917 2,255.1 1982-2012 0.8*
Colorectal 623 529.0 1988-2012 0.2 917 420.5 1982-2012 0.1
Haematological 612 396.9 1992-2012 0.8 587 269.6 1998-2012 -0.6
Melanoma 544 464.3 1982-2012 3.8* 413 147.9 1982-2012 3.1*
Prostate 934 802.9 1992-2012 -3.3*
Lung 546 466.7 1982-2012 0.0 368 168.9 1982-2012 4.7*
Table 4: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-specific mortality rates, most common cancers, by age group,
Queensland, 1982-2012
39
Males Females
2008-2012 Trend § 2008-2012 Trend §
Age group Cancer+ New cases Average rate‡ Period APC New cases Average rate‡ Period APC
0-14 All cancers 55 2.4 1982-2012 -3.6* 47 2.2 1982-2012 -2.0*
15-24 All cancers 52 3.3 1982-2012 -1.9* 53 3.5 1982-2012 -0.3
25-34 All cancers 121 7.8 1982-2012 -2.0* 131 8.5 1982-2012 -1.6*
35-44 All cancers 382 24.5 1982-2012 -1.5* 479 30.1 1982-2012 -2*
Melanoma 45 2.9 1982-2012 -1.5* 51 3.2 1982-2012 -1
Female Breast 127 8.0 1982-2012 -2.5*
Haematological 41 2.6 1995-2012 -6.6* 32 2.0 1982-2012 -3.3*
Endocrine 4 0.3 1982-2012 3.8 2 0.1 1982-2012 6
Colorectal 35 2.2 1982-2012 -2.0* 52 3.3 1982-2012 -2
45-54 All cancers 1,392 94.2 1982-2012 -1.9* 1,351 89.5 1982-2012 -1.9*
Female Breast 369 24.4 1997-2012 -3.9*
Melanoma 114 7.7 1982-2012 0.3 63 4.2 1982-2012 -0.7
Prostate 22 1.5 1984-2012 11.4
Colorectal 150 10.1 1982-2012 -3.3* 154 10.2 1999-2012 -0.5
Haematological 93 6.3 1982-2012 -3.7* 60 4.0 2010-2012 -36.3
55-64 All cancers 3,875 310.5 1988-2012 -2.3* 2,761 222.9 1993-2012 -1.9*
Prostate 195 15.6 1991-2012 -3.2*
Female Breast 549 44.3 1993-2012 -2.2*
Melanoma 198 15.9 1982-2012 0.1 89 7.2 1982-2012 1.3*
Colorectal 459 36.8 1994-2012 -4.6* 281 22.7 1982-2012 -3.2*
Lung 999 80.2 1982-2012 -2.8* 656 52.9 1982-2012 1.1*
65-74 All cancers 6,492 821.9 1996-2012 -2.1* 3,835 488.2 2001-2012 -1.9*
Prostate 676 85.4 1994-2012 -2.9*
Colorectal 753 95.9 2000-2012 -4.2* 453 58.0 2003-2012 -5.5*
Lung 1,728 218.8 1996-2012 -2.5* 923 117.4 2000-2012 0.1
Melanoma 292 37.0 1982-2012 1.6* 91 11.7 1982-2012 0.4
Female Breast 538 68.2 1982-2012 -0.7*
75-84 All cancers 7,189 1,794.3 1994-2012 -0.5* 4,551 945.0 1996-2012 -0.1
Colorectal 856 213.8 1982-2012 -0.5* 692 143.8 1982-2012 -0.4
Prostate 1,317 329.0 1993-2012 -1.5*
Lung 1,551 387.3 1982-2012 -0.6* 829 172.1 1982-2012 4.4*
Haematological 801 200.2 1982-2012 1.3* 522 108.4 1993-2012 -0.9
Melanoma 323 80.6 1985-2012 2.7* 99 20.6 1988-2012 0.5
85+ All cancers 3,567 3,040.3 1989-2012 0.2 3,339 1,532.2 1982-2012 0.7*
Colorectal 363 307.8 1982-2012 -0.2 599 274.9 1982-2012 -0.6*
Haematological 469 400.6 1984-2012 1.4* 416 191.2 1998-2012 -0.9
Melanoma 161 134.9 1982-2012 3.7* 104 47.5 1982-2012 2.4*
Prostate 880 748.0 1993-2012 -1.1
Lung 540 463.3 1982-2012 0.2 375 171.3 1982-2012 4.3*
+ The five most common cancers in each age group are listed.
‡ Average annual age-specific mortality rate per 100,000 for the period 2008-2012.
§ Trends were analysed for 1982-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire time period, the annual percentage change (APC) in the most recent time
period is shown.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC.
Abbreviations: APC: annual percentage change; CNS: Central nervous system (including brain).
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
40
CANCERS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS
In males aged 15-24, the incidence rate for all cancers decreased significantly between 1996 and 2012, largely due to a decrease
in the incidence of the most common cancer, melanoma (APC –4.5%). The incidence rates of haematological and urological
cancers on the other hand increased between 1982 and 2012 (APC 1.5% and 1.9% respectively). In females aged 15-24, the
incidence rate for all cancers combined also decreased significantly between 1996 and 2012. The incidence rate for endocrine
cancers (mostly thyroid cancer) and haematological cancer increased significantly (APC 4.4% and 2.1% respectively). Incidence
rates for melanoma decreased significantly (APC -5.3%). Mortality rates for males decreased significantly (APC –1.9%) while
female mortality overall did not change between 1982 and 2012 (Tables 3 and 4).
CANCERS IN ADULTS
Incidence and mortality rates for all cancers were higher in females aged 35-44 years than males, but the situation was reversed
for persons over 55 years (Figure 27). In the latter age groups, incidence and mortality rates for individual cancers were generally
higher in males than females (Tables 3 and 4).
Melanoma incidence rates decreased in adult males in the 35-44 and 45-54 age groups from 1982, but increased
significantly in those 55 years and over. For females rates remained stable for 35-45 year olds and then increased
significantly for those aged 45 and older. Although mortality rates decreased in males and females aged 35-44 years,
mortality rates have increased in older age groups (males and females over 55 years).
Female breast cancer incidence rates increased significantly in females aged 35-44 and 65-74 years from 1982 (APC 1.1%
and 1.8% respectively), but mortality rates for females – including those at high risk for breast cancer (aged 55-64 years) –
have decreased significantly from the early 1990s.
Prostate cancer incidence rates have decreased in males over 45 years in the last decade, in particular males aged 85+ in
which rates have decreased significantly at a rate of 3.3% per year since 1992. In the past 15-20 years, mortality rates
from prostate cancer have decreased significantly with the exception of 85+ where there was an insignificant decrease
and those aged 45– 54 where an increase of 11.4% which was also insignificant.
Colorectal cancer incidence rates have decreased significantly in the 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 year old age groups in males
and females since the early 1990s and 2000s but increased significantly in the 75-84 age group for males and females.
Mortality rates have decreased significantly in all age groups in the past 30 years including the largest significant decrease
among the common cancers for females (APC –5.5% aged 65-74 years).
Lung cancer incidence rates show a clear gender difference. The incidence rate for males 55-64 and 65-74 years
decreased significantly while the rate for females increased. Mortality rates reflect these trends with mortality
significantly decreasing for males over 55 years and females with a significant increase in those over 55 with the
exception of the 65-74 which remained stable.
Haematological cancers increased in most adult age groups, with the exception of males and females 75-84 years and
females aged 85+ years. Apart from males aged 75 years and older, mortality rates from haematological cancers have
consistently decreased – the decreases are the largest significant decrease noted among the common cancers for males
(APC –6.6% in males aged 35-44 years).
41
Figure 27: Incidence and mortality trends for all cancers by age group, Queensland, 1982-2012
Abbreviation: ASR: Age-standardised rate per 100,000.
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
0
5
10
15
20
25
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis or death
Age 0-14 years
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis or death
Age 15-24 years
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis or death
Age 25-34 years
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis or death
Age 35-44 years
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis or death
Age 45-54 years
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis or death
Age 55-64 years
Incidence, females Incidence, males Mortality, males Mortality, females
42
Abbreviation: ASR: Age-standardised rate per 100,000.
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis or death
Age 65-74 years
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis or death
Age 75-84 years
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Years of diagnosis or death
Age 85+
Incidence, females Incidence, males Mortality, males Mortality, females
Hospital and Health Services
44
Cancer overview by Hospital and Health Service (HHS)
In this section, an overview of cancer incidence and mortality are presented for the fifteen Hospital and Health Services (HHS)iv in
Queensland.
Figure 28: Map of Hospital and Health Services, Queensland
iv While the Children’s Hospital Health Service is a recognised HHS in Queensland, children, adolescents and young adults are counted according to their usual place of residence and not by their place of specialist treatment. Consequently, the Children’s HHS is not included as a geographical hospital HHS in this report. Source: Statistical Output, Health Statistics Branch, 07 January 2015— Hospital and Health Services as at 01 July 2014.
45
In 2021, the Metro South Hospital and Health Service is estimated to have the most new cases of invasive cancers diagnosed
among Queensland residents with 6,720 (Figure 29) and the highest number of deaths due to cancer in which an estimated
2,340 Queenslanders will die of the disease (Figure 30).
Figure 29: Expected cancer incidence, HHS overview, 2021
Hospital and Health Service projections, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team. The figures, which have been rounded to the nearest five cases, are provided as a guide and should be used with care. Projections are calculated by applying the most recent estimates of cancer rates (2012), stratified by age and sex, to the expected Queens-land population in 2021.
60
55
90
95
645
990
1,075
975
1,145
1,205
1,315
1,855
2,490
3,705
3,705
01,0002,0003,0004,000
Male (N = 19,500)
Metro South
Metro North
Gold Coast
Sunshine Coast
Wide Bay
Darling Downs
West Moreton
Cairns and Hinterland
Townsville
Central Queensland
Mackay
South West
North West
Torres and Cape
Central West 20
45
35
80
445
530
670
780
825
915
835
1,465
1,830
2,820
3,015
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000
Female (N = 14,405)
Figure 30: Expected cancer mortality, HHS overview, Queensland, 2021
46
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team. The figures, which have been rounded to the nearest five cases, are provided as a guide and should be used with care. Projections are calculated by applying the most recent estimates of cancer rates (2012), stratified by age and sex, to the expected Queensland population in 2021.
In 2021, it is estimated that 34,000 Queenslanders will be diagnosed with
cancer and more than 11,000 will die from the disease.
15
25
30
50
205
325
350
365
405
410
520
645
835
1,185
1,365
03006009001,2001,500
Males (N = 6,850)
10
10
10
25
155
200
195
250
270
320
290
485
600
815
975
0 300 600 900 1,200 1,500
Females (N = 4,695)
Metro South
Metro North
Gold Coast
Sunshine Coast
Wide Bay
Darling Downs
West Moreton
Cairns and Hinterland
Central Queensland
Townsville
Mackay
South West
North West
Torres and Cape
Central West
47
Cairns and Hinterland
Figure 31: Cairns and Hinterland HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Cairns and Hinterland HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 173 173
Melanoma 103 67 170
Breast 1 168 169
Colorectal 105 60 166
Lung 79 40 118
Haematological 72 46 118
Gynaecological 68 68
Urological 44 17 61
Other invasive cancers 23 54
Head and neck 42 11 53
Hepatobiliary 25 20 45
Upper GI 27 9 36
Endocrine 7 15 22
CNS and Brain 10 6 17
Bone and soft tissue 5 5 10
Merkel 4 2 5
Ophthalmic 2 2 4
Mesothelioma 3 3
All invasive cancers 732 558 1291
Most common cancer deaths:
Cairns and Hinterland HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
2
2
3
6
12
18
20
20
22
25
27
28
32
34
40
55
96
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Endocrine
Merkel
Mesothelioma
Bone and soft tissue
CNS and Brain
Melanoma
Gynaecological
Urological
Head and neck
Other invasive cancers
Upper GI
Breast
Prostate
Haematological
Hepatobiliary
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
5.21%
50.28%
12.58%
5.33%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 243,523
N = 30,628
N = 122,442
N = 1,335
48
Figure 32: Trends for the most common cancers, Cairns and Hinterland HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 5: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, Cairns
and Hinterland HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period APC Period APC Period APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2012 1.4 2001-2012 -3.5
Melanoma 2001-2012 0.7 2001-2012 1.9
Colorectal 2001-2012 0.9 2001-2012 0.0 2001-2012 -1.1 2001-2012 -1.3
Female Breast 2001-2012 2.5* 2001-2012 1.6
Lung 2001-2012 -1.1 2001-2012 0.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Colorectal
Melanoma0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Melanoma
Colorectal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Breast
Colorectal
49
Figure 33: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, Cairns and Hinterland HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 34: Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, Cairns and Hinterland HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 1,755 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the Cairns and Hinterland HHS which is a 31% increase from
2012. Over 55% of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most
commonly diagnosed cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 615 cancer deaths are expected in the Cairns and Hinterland HHS which is a 36% increase from 2012.
About 60% of cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death in
both sexes.
40
0
30
50
250
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Expected Mortality 2021: Females
0
40
50
95
365
050100150200250300350400
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
Breast
55
75
100
0
235
90
780
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
105
90
125
225
5
155
975
02004006008001000
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Colorectal
Breast
Prostate
Melanoma
Haematological
Lung
50
Central Queensland
Figure 35: Central Queensland HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
Central Queensland HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Central Queensland HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 209 209
Colorectal 77 54 131
Breast 1 114 115
Melanoma 62 46 108
Lung 70 34 104
Haematological 60 35 94
Urological 50 21 72
Other invasive cancers 28 16 44
Hepatobiliary 17 39
Gynaecological 37 37
Head and neck 26 6 32
Upper GI 24 7 31
Endocrine 5 13 17
CNS and Brain 7 4 11
Bone and soft tissue 4 4 8
Mesothelioma 5 1 6
Merkel 2 2 4
Ophthalmic 3 3
All invasive cancers 654 411 1065
1
1
2
4
4
8
16
17
17
21
21
23
25
26
30
34
44
91
0 20 40 60 80 100
Endocrine
Merkel
Ophthalmic
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
CNS and Brain
Melanoma
Head and neck
Gynaecological
Other invasive cancers
Urological
Upper GI
Breast
Prostate
Hepatobiliary
Haematological
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
4.26%
51.45%
11.33%
4.76%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 217,524
N = 24,656
N = 111,926
N = 1,092
51
Figure 36: Trends for the most common cancers, Central Queensland HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 6: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, Central
Queensland HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. § Trends were analysed for 2001-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire time period, the annual percentage change (APC) for the respective time periods are shown. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period APC Period APC Period § APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2012 3.3* 2001-2012 -3.4*
Colorectal 2001-2012 -0.2 2001-2012 -1.2 2001-2004 -18.3 2001-2012 -2.8
2004-2007 20.2
2007-2012 -9
Female Breast 2001-2012 0.5 2001-2012 -1.0
Melanoma 2001-2012 -5.0*
Lung 2001-2012 0.0 2001-2012 0.3 2001-2012 2.1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-y
ear
mov
ing
aver
age)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Lung
Colorectal
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-y
ear
mov
ing
aver
age)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Colorectal
Melanoma
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-y
ear
mov
ing
aver
age)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-y
ear
mov
ing
aver
age)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Breast
Colorectal
52
Figure 37: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, Central Queensland HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 38: Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, Central Queensland HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 1,520 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the Central Queensland HHS which is a 39% increase from 2012.
Over 65% of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most commonly
diagnosed cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 545 cancer deaths are expected in the Central Queensland HHS which is a 48% increase from 2012.
Over 64% of cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death for
males. For females the leading cause of death in 2021 changes to colorectal cancer with lung being the second highest cause
of death.
45
35
145
65
65
0
530
0 200 400 600 800 1,000
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
85
105
0
85
125
325
990
02004006008001,000
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Prostate
Colorectal
Melanoma
Breast
Lung
Haematological
25
0
35
30
195
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Expected Mortality 2021: Females
0
40
40
100
350
050100150200250300350400
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
Breast
53
Central West Figure 39: Central West HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Central West HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 12 12
Lung 8 10
Breast 10 10
Colorectal 6 2 8
Melanoma 4 2 6
Haematological 3 3 6
Urological 3 1 4
Other invasive cancers 2 3
Gynaecological 2 2
CNS and Brain 1 1
Upper GI 1 1
Endocrine 1 1
Hepatobiliary 1 1
Head and neck 1 1
All invasive cancers 40 26 66
Most common cancer deaths:
Central West HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
8
0 2 4 6 8 10
Head and neck
Breast
Hepatobiliary
Gynaecological
Haematological
Other invasive cancers
Prostate
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
0.28%
50.60%
14.05%
0.27%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 12,401
N = 1,742
N = 6,275
N = 72
54
Darling Downs Figure 40: Darling Downs HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
Darling Downs HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Darling Downs HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 236 236
Melanoma 122 96 219
Colorectal 117 97 214
Breast 2 187 189
Haematological 102 71 173
Lung 81 47 127
Urological 63 24 87
Other invasive cancers 47 29 76
Hepatobiliary 32 29 61
Gynaecological 58 58
Upper GI 38 12 50
Endocrine 10 34 45
Head and neck 23 14 38
CNS and Brain 10 12 22
Bone and soft tissue 6 8 14
Merkel 5 2 7
Mesothelioma 5 2 7
Ophthalmic 3 3 6
All invasive cancers 904 724 1629
2
2
5
6
15
15
19
22
24
29
33
34
48
48
55
70
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Endocrine
Merkel
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
Head and neck
CNS and Brain
Gynaecological
Melanoma
Other invasive cancers
Urological
Breast
Upper GI
Hepatobiliary
Prostate
Haematological
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
6.61%
49.49%
16.21%
5.92%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 270,293
N = 43,821
N = 133,774
N = 1,693
55
Figure 41: Trends for the most common cancers, Darling Downs HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 7: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, Darling
Downs HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. § Trends were analysed for 2001-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire time period, the annual percentage change (APC) for the respective time periods are shown. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period § APC Period APC Period APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2006 8.5* 2001-2012 -0.7
2006-2012 -6.4*
Melanoma 2001-2012 0.8 2001-2012 2.4 2001-2012 -3.0*
Colorectal 2001-2012 1.1 2001-2012 -0.4 2001-2012 -0.2
Female Breast 2001-2012 0.3 2001-2012 -2.0* 2001-2012 -4.0*
Lung 2001-2012 -0.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
ag a
vera
ge)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Melanoma
Colorectal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Prostate
Colorectal 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Colorectal
Breast
56
Figure 42: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, Darling Downs HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 43: Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, Darling Downs HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 2,120 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the Darling Downs HHS which is a 25% increase from 2012. Over
56% of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most commonly
diagnosed cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 730 cancer deaths are expected in the Darling Downs HHS which is a 33% increase from 2012. Over 56%
of cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death for males. For
females the leading cause of death in 2021 changes to colorectal cancer with lung being the second highest cause of death.
70
95
225
125
120
0
915
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
95
135
5
160
180
290
1,205
02004006008001,0001,2001,400
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal
Breast
Haematological
Lung
40
0
55
50
320
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Expected Mortality 2021: Females
0
85
40
90
410
050100150200250300350400450
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
Breast
57
Gold Coast Figure 44: Gold Coast HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
Gold Coast HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Gold Coast HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 481 481
Melanoma 263 177 440
Colorectal 204 174 378
Breast 362 362
Haematological 176 113 289
Lung 148 106 254
Urological 117 43 160
Gynaecological 116 116
Hepatobiliary 69 46 115
Other invasive cancers 63 35 98
Upper GI 63 28 91
Head and neck 67 21 88
Endocrine 11 37 48
CNS and Brain 21 18 39
Bone and soft tissue 18 13 31
Mesothelioma 19 4 23
Merkel 7 3 11
Ophthalmic 3 3 6
All invasive cancers 1731 1298 3030
1
4
6
14
21
24
32
34
42
42
46
56
61
84
85
86
118
190
0 50 100 150 200
Ophthalmic
Merkel
Endocrine
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
Head and neck
CNS and Brain
Gynaecological
Other invasive cancers
Melanoma
Urological
Upper GI
Breast
Haematological
Prostate
Hepatobiliary
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
12.59%
49.17%
14.70%
11.83%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 540,419
N = 79,463
N = 265,717
N = 3,226
58
Figure 45: Trends for the most common cancers, Gold Coast HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 8: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, Gold
Coast HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. § Trends were analysed for 2001-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire period, the annual percentage change (APC) for the respective time periods are shown. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period § APC Period § APC Period APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2012 3.1* 2001-2012 0.6
Melanoma 2001-2005 -6.0 2001-2003 -19.1
2005-2012 4.0* 2003-2012 2.9
Colorectal 2001-2012 -1.3 2001-2012 0.0 2001-2012 -2.3* 2001-2012 -2.4
Female Breast 2001-2012 -0.2 2001-2012 -1.3
Lung 2001-2012 -2.2* 2001-2012 -0.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Melanoma
Colorectal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Prostate
Colorectal0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Breast
Colorectal
59
Figure 46: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, Gold Coast HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 47: Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, Gold Coast HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 4,320 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the Gold Coast HHS which is a 34% increase from 2012. Over
57% of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most commonly
diagnosed cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 1,435 cancer deaths are expected in the Gold Coast HHS which is a 39% increase from 2012. About 58%
of cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death in both sexes.
165
175
500
225
265
0
1,830
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
230
260
0
285
390
715
2,490
05001,0001,5002,0002,500
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal
Breast
Haematological
Lung
95
0
70
120
600
0 200 400 600 800 1,000
Expected Mortality 2021: Females
0
115
95
165
835
02004006008001,000
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
Breast
60
Mackay Figure 48: Mackay HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
Mackay HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Mackay HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 151 151
Breast 1 106 107
Colorectal 58 41 100
Melanoma 57 35 92
Haematological 46 25 71
Lung 39 23 62
Urological 35 10 45
Gynaecological 35 35
Head and neck 6 30
Other invasive cancers 19 11 30
Hepatobiliary 14 8 22
Upper GI 15 6 21
Endocrine 6 11 17
CNS and Brain 7 4 11
Bone and soft tissue 4 3 6
Mesothelioma 4 1 5
Merkel 3 1 4
Ophthalmic 2 3
All invasive cancers 486 326 812
1
1
3
4
9
9
11
11
15
15
16
18
21
22
24
35
57
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Endocrine
Merkel
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
Gynaecological
CNS and Brain
Head and neck
Melanoma
Other invasive cancers
Upper GI
Breast
Urological
Hepatobiliary
Prostate
Haematological
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
3.22%
52.68%
10.14%
3.86%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 176,240
N = 17,869
N = 92,848
N = 826
61
Figure 49: Trends for the most common cancers, Mackay HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 9: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, Mackay
HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. § Trends were analysed for 2001-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire period, the annual percentage change (APC) for the respective time periods are shown. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period § APC Period APC Period APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2004 16.4 2001-2012 -3.2
2004-2012 -1.4
Colorectal 2001-2012 -1.9 2001-2012 -1.2 2001-2012 -5.0* 2001-2012 -1.5
Melanoma 2001-2012 -0.1 2001-2012 -4.7*
Female Breast 2001-2012 2.5 2001-2012 -2.1
Lung 2001-2012 -3.6 2001-2012 1.8
0
50
100
150
200
250
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal 0
50
100
150
200
250
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Colorectal
Melanoma
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Prostate
Colorectal0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Colorectal
Breast
62
Figure 50: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, Mackay HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 51: Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, Mackay HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 1,090 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the Mackay HHS which is a 32% increase from 2012. About 60%
of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most commonly diagnosed
cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 360 cancer deaths are expected in the Mackay HHS which is a 38% increase from 2012. Over 56% of
cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death for both sexes.
20
0
20
40
155
0 50 100 150 200 250
Expected Mortality 2021: Females
0
30
35
40
205
050100150200250
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
Breast
25
30
45
50
180
0
445
0 200 400 600 800
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
50
65
65
80
0
210
645
0200400600800
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Prostate
Breast
Colorectal
Melanoma
Haematological
Lung
63
Metro North Figure 52: Metro North HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Metro North HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 782 782
Melanoma 421 295 716
Breast 7 600 606
Colorectal 290 258 548
Haematological 276 202 478
Lung 234 154 388
Urological 185 81 266
Gynaecological 195 195
Other invasive cancers 104 66 170
Hepatobiliary 95 66 160
Upper GI 91 42 132
Head and neck 94 33 127
Endocrine 31 83 114
CNS and Brain 38 31 69
Bone and soft tissue 24 15 39
Mesothelioma 25 6 30
Merkel 11 7 18
Ophthalmic 6 4 10
All invasive cancers 2713 2136 4849
Most common cancer deaths:
Metro North HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
4
5
6
16
26
46
53
62
63
71
71
76
99
109
127
156
186
282
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Ophthalmic
Merkel
Endocrine
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
Head and neck
CNS and Brain
Gynaecological
Other invasive cancers
Melanoma
Urological
Upper GI
Breast
Prostate
Hepatobiliary
Haematological
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
19.48%
49.58%
12.65%
19.88%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 908,144
N = 114,890
N = 450,283
N = 4,989
64
Figure 53: Trends for the most common cancers, Metro North HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 10: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, Metro
North HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. § Trends were analysed for 2001-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire time period, the annual percentage change (APC) for the respective time periods are shown. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period § APC Period APC Period § APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2005 6.9* 2001-2012
2005-2012 0.2
Melanoma 2001-2012 1.1 2001-2012 1.1
Female Breast 2001-2012 0.3 2001-2012 -1.5
Colorectal 2001-2012 -1.0 2001-2012 -0.5 2001-2012 -0.9 2001-2012 -0.3
Lung 2001-2008 -0.1 2001-2012 0.1
2008-2012 -6.2*
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-yea
r m
ovi
ng
aver
age)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Melanoma
Colorectal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
eara
ge)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Prostate
Colorectal 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3-
year
mo
vin
g av
erag
e)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Breast
Colorectal
65
Figure 54: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, Metro North HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 55: Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, Metro North HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 6,525 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the Metro North HHS which is a 30% increase from 2012. Over
56% of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most commonly
diagnosed cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 2,000 cancer deaths are expected in the Metro North HHS which is a 35% increase from 2012. About
60% of cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death in both sexes.
185
290
360
820
360
0
2,820
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
350
400
390
15
540
1,065
3,705
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,000
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Prostate
Melanoma
Breast
Colorectal
Haematological
Lung
120
0
100
135
815
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
Expected Mortality 2021: Females
0
155
110
245
1,185
02004006008001,0001,200
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
Breast
66
Metro South Figure 56: Metro South HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
Metro South HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Metro South HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 725 725
Melanoma 382 293 675
Breast 3 639 643
Colorectal 302 259 561
Haematological 300 213 513
Lung 267 177 444
Urological 214 82 296
Gynaecological 238 238
Hepatobiliary 112 95 207
Other invasive cancers 102 72 174
Upper GI 104 63 168
Head and neck 98 35 133
Endocrine 36 94 130
CNS and Brain 45 30 75
Bone and soft tissue 24 24 48
Mesothelioma 32 7 39
Merkel 8 6 14
Ophthalmic 6 1 7
All invasive cancers 2761 2328 5089
2
4
5
22
34
47
58
62
71
77
92
98
100
126
172
173
183
341
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Ophthalmic
Merkel
Endocrine
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
Head and neck
CNS and Brain
Melanoma
Gynaecological
Other invasive cancers
Urological
Upper GI
Breast
Prostate
Hepatobiliary
Haematological
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
20.25%
49.76%
11.45%
23.06%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 105,3310
N = 120,653
N = 524,174
N = 5,189
67
Figure 57: Trends for the most common cancers, Metro South HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 11: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, Metro
South HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. § Trends were analysed for 2001-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire period, the annual percentage change (APC) for the respective time periods are shown. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period § APC Period § APC Period APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2006 7.5* 2001-2012 -0.3
2006-2012 -1.4
Melanoma 2001-2012 2.0* 2001-2012 1.4
Female Breast 2001-2012 0.0 2001-2012 -2.5*
Colorectal 2001-2012 -2.1* 2001-2010 -0.2 2001-2012 -2.0* 2001-2012 -2.8*
2010-2012 -11.8*
Lung 2001-2012 -2.2* 2001-2012 1.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Melanoma
Colorectal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Prostate
Colorectal 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar m
ovi
ng
ave
rage
)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Breast
Colorectal
68
Figure 58: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, Metro South HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 59: Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, Metro South HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 6,720 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the Metro South HHS which is a 30% increase from 2012. Over
55% of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most commonly
diagnosed cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 2,340 cancer deaths are expected in the Metro South HHS which is a 35% increase from 2012. Over 58%
of cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death for both sexes.
230
275
310
815
340
0
3,015
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
360
430
410
5
500
990
3,705
05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,000
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Prostate
Melanoma
Breast
Colorectal
Haematological
Lung
125
0
115
175
975
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400
Expected Mortality 2021: Females
5
200
140
285
1,365
02004006008001,0001,2001,400
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
Breast
69
North West Figure 60: North West HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer diagnoses:
North West HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 17 17
Colorectal 10 5 15
Lung 7 4 11
Breast 10 10
Haematological 2 8
Melanoma 5 2 7
Gynaecological 6 6
Urological 3 2 5
Head and neck 4 5
Hepatobiliary 3 1 4
Other invasive cancers 3 2 4
Upper GI 3 1 3
Endocrine 1 2 2
CNS and Brain 1
Mesothelioma 1 1
Bone and soft tissue 1 1 1
All invasive cancers 62 39 101
Most common cancer deaths:
North West HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Bone and soft tissue
Prostate
Melanoma
Endocrine
Mesothelioma
Hepatobiliary
Gynaecological
Other invasive cancers
Urological
Upper GI
Head and neck
Haematological
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
0.38%
53.93%
6.72%
0.71%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 32,264
N = 17,400
N = 2,169
N = 97
70
South West Figure 61: South West HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
South West HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
South West HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 22 22
Colorectal 10 8 18
Breast 17 17
Lung 11 5 16
Melanoma 8 7 15
Haematological 6 5 11
Urological 5 4 9
Other invasive cancers 6 3 8
Gynaecological 7 7
Hepatobiliary 4 1 5
Endocrine 1 2 3
Upper GI 2 1 3
Head and neck 3 3
CNS and Brain 2 2
Bone and soft tissue 1 1
Merkel 1 1
All invasive cancers 81 59 141
0.59%
51.75%
12.91%
0.58%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 26,502
N = 3,422
N = 13,715
N = 150
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
4
4
5
6
7
11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Head and neck
Gynaecological
CNS and Brain
Melanoma
Upper GI
Other invasive cancers
Prostate
Breast
Urological
Haematological
Hepatobiliary
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
71
Sunshine Coast Figure 62: Sunshine Coast HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
Sunshine Coast HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Sunshine Coast HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 408 408
Melanoma 200 125 325
Breast 2 315 317
Colorectal 173 142 315
Haematological 148 109 257
Lung 120 86 207
Urological 94 37 132
Gynaecological 89 89
Hepatobiliary 48 41 89
Other invasive cancers 32 88
Upper GI 54 24 78
Head and neck 46 19 65
Endocrine 11 33 44
CNS and Brain 16 13 29
Bone and soft tissue 10 10 21
Mesothelioma 17 3 20
Merkel 9 3 11
Ophthalmic 2 3 5
All invasive cancers 1415 1085 2501
2
2
3
9
20
20
21
26
39
40
44
47
47
67
78
82
93
159
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Merkel
Ophthalmic
Endocrine
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
Head and neck
CNS and Brain
Gynaecological
Other invasive cancers
Melanoma
Urological
Breast
Upper GI
Prostate
Hepatobiliary
Haematological
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
9.81%
48.86%
18.58%
8.14%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 371,926
N = 69,111
N = 181,732
N = 2,514
72
Figure 63: Trends for the most common cancers, Sunshine Coast HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 12: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, Sunshine
Coast HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. § Trends were analysed for 2001-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire period, the annual percentage change (APC) for the respective time periods are shown. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period § APC Period APC Period APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2009 4.4* 2001-2012 -1.8
2009-2012 -7.8
Female Breast 2001-2012 0.8 2001-2012 -2.6
Melanoma 2001-2012 -0.7 2001-2012 -1.7*
Colorectal 2001-2012 -0.9 2001-2012 0.4 2001-2012 -2.8 2001-2012 -2.0
Lung 2001-2012 -0.9 2001-2012 3.4*
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Colorectal
Melanoma
0
10
20
30
40
50
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Prostate
Colorectal 0
10
20
30
40
50
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Breast
Colorectal
73
Figure 64: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, Sunshine Coast HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 65 Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, Sunshine Coast HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 3,320 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the Sunshine Coast HHS which is a 32% increase from 2012.
Over 55% of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most commonly
diagnosed cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 1,130 cancer deaths are expected in the Sunshine Coast HHS which is a 39% increase from 2012. About
57% of cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death in both sexes.
65
0
50
110
485
0 200 400 600 800
Expected Mortality 2021: Females
0
95
75
130
645
0200400600800
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
Breast
105
155
385
190
180
0
1,465
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
155
190
0
230
295
510
1,855
02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal
Breast
Haematological
Lung
74
Torres and Cape Figure 66: Torres and Cape HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
Torres and Cape HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Torres and Cape HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Male Female Total
Lung 7 6 13
Gynaecological 12 12
Haematological 4 10
Breast 8 8
Melanoma 4 1 5
Prostate 5 0 5
Hepatobiliary 3 2 5
Colorectal 4 1 5
Upper GI 2 1 4
Urological 3 4
Head and neck 3 1 4
Other invasive cancers 3 3
Bone and soft tissue 1 1
CNS and Brain 1 1
Endocrine
All invasive cancers 41 37 78
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
4
6
0 2 4 6 8
Haematological
Gynaecological
CNS and Brain
Urological
Breast
Other invasive cancers
Prostate
Head and neck
Upper GI
Hepatobiliary
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
0.32%
52.39%
5.59%
0.55%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 24,961
N = 1,396
N = 13,078
N = 82
75
Townsville Figure 67: Townsville HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
Townsville HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Townsville HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 216 216
Melanoma 93 60 152
Colorectal 77 56 133
Breast 2 130 132
Haematological 67 44 110
Lung 72 34 106
Urological 53 15 68
Other invasive cancers 34 16 50
Head and neck 31 13 44
Hepatobiliary 16 44
Gynaecological 42 42
Upper GI 27 13 40
Endocrine 5 16 21
CNS and Brain 7 7 14
Bone and soft tissue 8 3 11
Mesothelioma 4 4
Merkel 3 1 4
Ophthalmic 2 1 3
All invasive cancers 727 467 1193
1
1
6
6
8
11
14
16
23
23
23
23
24
27
34
43
84
0 20 40 60 80 100
Endocrine
Ophthalmic
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
CNS and Brain
Gynaecological
Head and neck
Melanoma
Haematological
Breast
Urological
Upper GI
Other invasive cancers
Prostate
Hepatobiliary
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
5.06%
50.39%
11.50%
5.08%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 231,988
N = 26,689
N = 116,899
N = 1,297
76
Figure 68: Trends for the most common cancers, Townsville HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 13: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers,
Townsville HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
0
50
100
150
200
250
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge)
Year of Diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal 0
50
100
150
200
250
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge)
Year of Diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Melanoma
Colorectal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Prostate
Colorectal 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Breast
Colorectal
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period APC Period APC Period APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2012 0.7 2001-2012 -4.8*
Melanoma 2001-2012 -0.8 2001-2012 0.4
Colorectal 2001-2012 -3.2* 2001-2012 -2.7 2001-2012 -4.3* 2001-2012 -4.3*
Female Breast 2001-2012 1.0 2001-2012 -0.7
Lung 2001-2012 -2.3 2001-2012 0.2
77
Figure 69: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, Townsville HHS, 2021
Figure 70: Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, Townsville HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 1,745 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the Townsville HHS which is a 35% increase from 2012. Over
61% of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most commonly
diagnosed cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 525 cancer deaths are expected in the Townsville HHS which is a 42% increase from 2012. About 61% of
cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death in both sexes.
35
0
25
50
200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Expected Mortality 2021: Females
0
40
35
70
325
050100150200250300350
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
Breast
70
55
80
190
80
0
670
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
95
110
100
0
125
350
1,075
02004006008001,0001,200
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Prostate
Melanoma
Breast
Colorectal
Lung
Haematologcial
78
West Moreton Figure 71: West Moreton HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
West Moreton HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
West Moreton HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 201 201
Melanoma 87 68 155
Breast 148 148
Colorectal 85 62 147
Haematological 74 49 123
Lung 63 35 98
Urological 44 19 63
Hepatobiliary 26 22 48
Other invasive cancers 17 47
Gynaecological 46 46
Upper GI 27 13 40
Head and neck 29 10 39
Endocrine 7 19 26
CNS and Brain 6 7 13
Bone and soft tissue 8 4 12
Merkel 4 2 6
Mesothelioma 5 2 6
Ophthalmic 1 1 3
All invasive cancers 698 523 1221
1
1
2
6
7
10
12
16
18
21
22
22
25
26
36
38
55
79
0 20 40 60 80 100
Endocrine
Ophthalmic
Merkel
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
Head and neck
CNS and Brain
Gynaecological
Melanoma
Other invasive cancers
Prostate
Urological
Upper GI
Breast
Hepatobiliary
Haematological
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
4.91%
50.12%
11.24%
5.47%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 250,109
N = 28,119
N = 125,356
N = 1,258
79
Figure 72: Trends for the most common cancers, West Moreton HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 14: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, West
Moreton HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. § Trends were analysed for 2001-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire period, the annual percentage change (APC) for the respective time periods are shown. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period § APC Period § APC Period § APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2003 29.9
2003-2012 -2.3
Female Breast 2001-2012 -0.3 2001-2012 -2.0
Melanoma 2001-2012 1.0 2001-2012 3.1
Colorectal 2001-2012 1.3 2001-2012 1.3 2001-2012 0.0 2001-2012 0.1
Haematological 2001-2012 0.2
Lung 2001-2010 1.2 2001-2012 1.2
2010-2012 -18.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge
)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Colorectal
Melanoma
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge
)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Melanoma
Colorectal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge
)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Colorectal
Haematological 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge
)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Colorectal
Breast
80
Figure 73: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, West Moreton HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 74: Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, West Moreton HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 1,970 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the West Moreton HHS which is a 57% increase from 2012. Over
58% of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most commonly
diagnosed cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 675 cancer deaths are expected in the West Moreton HHS which is a 62% increase from 2012. 60% of
cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death for males. For
females the leading cause of death in 2021 changes to breast cancer with lung being the second highest cause of death.
45
20
30
40
270
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Expecrted Mortality 2021: Females
0
45
65
70
405
050100150200250300350400450
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Haematological
Breast
45
85
210
105
130
0
825
0 200 400 600 800 1,000
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
100
115
0
140
155
300
1,145
02004006008001,0001,200
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal
Breast
Haematological
Lung
81
Wide Bay Figure 75: Wide Bay HHS overview
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Most common cancer deaths:
Wide Bay HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Most common cancer diagnoses:
Wide Bay HHS, annual average, 2010-2012
Cancer site Male Female Total
Prostate 305 305
Melanoma 121 80 201
Colorectal 115 81 195
Lung 105 68 173
Breast 2 165 168
Haematological 90 58 148
Urological 63 22 85
Gynaecological 65 65
Other invasive cancers 33 23 56
Hepatobiliary 29 26 55
Upper GI 37 12 48
Head and neck 36 9 45
Endocrine 9 19 28
CNS and Brain 8 8 16
Bone and soft tissue 7 4 11
Mesothelioma 7 1 8
Merkel 5 3 8
Ophthalmic 2 3 5
All invasive cancers 974 647 1621
1
1
2
5
7
13
18
19
24
27
28
29
30
43
50
62
74
132
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Endocrine
Ophthalmic
Merkel
Bone and soft tissue
Mesothelioma
CNS and Brain
Head and neck
Gynaecological
Breast
Other invasive cancers
Urological
Melanoma
Upper GI
Hepatobiliary
Prostate
Haematological
Colorectal
Lung
Number of deaths
6.47%
49.45%
20.85%
4.57%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Queensland's Cancer Burden
% of population males
% of population 65 years and older
% of Queensland population
Percentage (%)
Quick statistics (2012)
N = 208,605
N = 43,491
N = 103,150
N = 1,658
82
Figure 76: Trends for the most common cancers, Wide Bay HHS, 2003-2012
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Table 15: Annual percentage change (APC) in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, most common cancers, Wide
Bay HHS, 2001-2012
+ Most common cancers for males and females are listed.
* Bold figures with asterisk indicate a significant change (increase or decrease) in APC. § Trends were analysed for 2001-2012. If the slope of the trend was not constant over the entire time period, the annual percentage change (APC) for the respective time periods are shown. Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge
)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Males
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge
)
Year of diagnosis
Incidence: Females
Breast
Colorectal
Melanoma
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge
)
Year of death
Mortality: Males
Lung
Prostate
Colorectal0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2006 2009 2012
ASR
(3
-ye
ar
mo
vin
g a
vera
ge
)
Year of death
Mortality: Females
Lung
Colorectal
Breast
Incidence Mortality
Males Females Males Females
Cancer+ Period § APC Period § APC Period APC Period APC
Prostate 2001-2008 9.2* 2001-2012 0.8
2008-2012 -6.7
Colorectal 2001-2012 -0.6 2001-2012 -1.2 2001-2012 -1.6 2001-2012 -0.1
Melanoma 2001-2012 1.3* 2001-2006 -5.9*
2006-2012 6.3*
Female Breast 2001-2012 0.1 2001-2012 -5.5*
Lung 2001-2012 -0.7 2001-2012 2.8
83
Figure 77: Expected cancer incidence for the most common cancers, Wide Bay HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
Figure 78: Expected cancer mortality for the most common cancers, Wide Bay HHS, 2021
Source: Oncology Analysis System, Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team.
There is expected to be 2,140 new cases of cancers in 2021 in the Wide Bay HHS which is a 29% increase from 2012. Over 61%
of new cancers will be among males and prostate and breast cancers are expected to remain the most commonly diagnosed
cancer in males and females respectively.
In 2021, an estimated 810 cancer deaths are expected in the Wide Bay HHS which is a 37% increase from 2012. About 64% of
cancer deaths will be among males and lung cancer will continue to be the leading cause of cancer death in both sexes.
35
0
35
75
290
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
Expected Mortality 2021: Females
0
80
65
125
520
050100150200250300350400450500550
Expected Mortality 2021: Males
All Cancers
Lung
Colorectal
Prostate
Breast
70
200
100
100
110
0
825
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400
Expected Incidence 2021: Females
135
5
150
155
155
390
1,315
02004006008001,0001,2001,400
Expected Incidence 2021: Males
All Cancers
Prostate
Melanoma
Colorectal
Lung
Breast
Haematological
Data for today: Our aim is to provide data which can inform our decision making
as we move through the process of health reform. The challenge
now faced by us all is to incorporate this knowledge into our day
to day decision making.
Appendix
Glossary and common abbreviations Age-specific incidence/mortality rate
The number of new cases/deaths attributed to a cancer in a defined age group during a year divided by the number of persons
in the age group during the year, expressed as a rate per 100,000 persons in that year.
Age-standardised incidence/mortality (ASR)
The number of new cases or deaths per 100,000 that would have occurred in a given population if the age distribution of that
population was the same as that of the Australian population in 2001 and if the age-specific rates observed in the population of
interest had prevailed. In international comparisons, the World Standard Population was used as the reference population.
Age-standardised rates are independent of the age-structure of the population of interest and are therefore useful in making
comparisons between different populations and time periods.
Annual percentage change (APC)
The annual rate of increase or decrease in cancer incidence or mortality. The APC is calculated by fitting a linear model to the
annual rates after logarithmic transformation; the slope represents the APC for the time period. The APCs were calculated using
Joinpoint Software Version 3.5.2 from the Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute (US). The software identifies
significant changes in rates over time and estimates the periods characterised by different rates.16
HHS
See Queensland Hospital and Health Service.
Incidence (new cases)
The number of new cases of cancer diagnosed in a defined population during a specified time period. For example, 2012
incidence is the number of cancers which were first diagnosed between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2012.
Mortality (deaths)
The number of deaths attributed to cancer in a defined population during a specified time period regardless of when the
diagnosis of cancer was made.
Prevalence
The number of Queenslanders with a diagnosis of cancer who were alive on 31 December 2012.
Queensland Hospital and Health Service (HHS)
For residence considerations, the Hospital and Health Service is a geographic area defined by a collection of Statistical Local
Areas (SLA). For public hospitals and health service facilities, the term Hospital and Health Service is synonymous with a group of
Queensland Health facilities and staff responsible for providing and delivering health resources and services to an area which
may consist of one or more residential areas.
Relative survival
The rate of survival of persons diagnosed with cancer relative to the expected survival rate of the general population. Five-year
relative survival represents the proportion of patients alive five years after diagnosis, taking into account age, gender and year
of diagnosis.
Remoteness
The relative remoteness of residence at time of diagnosis, based on the Australian Standard Geographical Classification
(ASGC)17. In this report, remoteness is classified into four groups: Major City, Inner Regional, Outer Regional, and Remote & Very
Remote.
Projections
Projections are calculated using the most recent age-specific incidence and mortality rates (2012) and applying these to the
population projections produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).
For more details on the calculations and the definitions of terms, go to OASys on https://qccat.health.qld.gov.au/OASys/ and
open the Help file.
86
Methods The incidence and mortality data in this report are based on cancer registrations for 2012 and for 1982-2012 for trend analysis.
Rates for common cancer are aggregated over five years (2008-2012). Incidence and mortality counts for common cancers by
Hospital and Health Service are averaged over three years (2010-2012). Unless otherwise stated, information presented in this
report is sourced from the database of the Queensland Oncology Repository as of 31 December 2012. Except where noted,
incidence and mortality rates are standardised to the Australian age-specific population in 2001.
87
Data Sources QUEENSLAND ONCOLOGY REPOSITORY
The Queensland Oncology Repository (QOR) is a cancer patient database developed and maintained by the Queensland Cancer
Control Analysis Team (QCCAT; Queensland Health) to support Queensland’s cancer control, safety, and quality assurance
initiatives. QOR consolidates cancer patient information for the state and contains data on cancer diagnoses and deaths, surgery,
chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. QOR also includes data collected by clinicians at multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings across
the state. For more information, visit https://qccat.health.qld.gov.au/QueenslandOncology Repository.
QUEENSLAND CANCER REGISTRY
The Queensland Cancer Registry (QCR) operates under the Public Health Act 2005 to receive information on cancer in
Queensland. The QCR is a population-based registry and maintains a register of all cases of cancer diagnosed in Queensland since
1982 (excluding basal and squamous cell carcinomas). The QCR codes the site and the histology of the cancers to the
International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition (ICD-O-3). Prior to July 2004, the primary site of cancer was
coded to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 2nd edition (ICD-O-2).
Notification of cancer is a statutory requirement for all public and private hospitals, nursing homes and pathology services.
Notifications are received for all persons with cancer separated from public and private hospitals and nursing homes. Cancer-
related pathology reports are received from Queensland pathology laboratories. Mortality data with cancer identified as the
underlying cause of death as well as cancer-related deaths are abstracted from the mortality files of the Registry of Births,
Deaths and Marriages.
More on the QCCAT website For more details on our program of work, go to https://qccat.health.qld.gov.au
Oncology Analysis System (OASys)
Oncology Analysis System (OASys) is a web based state-wide cancer analysis system with diagnostic, treatment and outcome
data on registry-notifiable invasive cancers diagnosed among Queensland residents of all ages (including children) from 1982 to
2012.
The data collection, linking and reporting of OASys data is performed under the auspices of Queensland Cancer Control Safety
and Quality Partnership, a Quality Assurance Committee gazetted under Section 31, The Health Services Act 1991.
References
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Copyright protects this publication.
However, Queensland Health has no
objection to this material being
reproduced with acknowledgement,
except for commercial purposes.
Notes
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team
Queensland Health
ROMC, 31 Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Queensland 4001 Australia
Tel: (+61) (07) 3840 3200
Email: [email protected]
https://qccat.health.qld.gov.au
Although care has been taken to ensure the accuracy, completeness and reliability of the information provided these data are released for purposes of
quality assurance and are to be used with appropriate caution. Be aware that data can be altered subsequent to original distribution and that the
information is therefore subject to change without notice. Data can also quickly become out-of-date. It is recommended that careful attention be paid to
the contents of any data and if required QCCAT can be contacted with any questions regarding its use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report
them to [email protected].