Anatomical term
Anatomical structure of system
Objectives
• Name and locate the anatomical structures of the urinary system, the female reproductive system and the adrenal glands.
• Use medical terminology to describe conditions and procedures related to these organs and systems.
Urinary System
• The organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
• The urinary system removes soluble nitrogen west from the bloodstream and excretes it as urine.
• Identify the parts of the urinary system and learn the roots that refer to them in medical terms and the meaning of the terms.
Body part Root and combining vowel
Definition
Kidney Nephr(o)-, ren(o) Organs that process urine
Renal pelvis Pyel(o) Collecting basin for urine from the collecting ducts of the kidney.
Ureters Ureter(o) A duct through which urine is carried from the renal pelvis to the bladder.
Urinary bladder
Cyst(o) Expandable sac that stores urine before it’s eliminated by urination.
Prostate Prostat(o) A gland in the male urinary tract. Inflammation of the prostate gland commonly causes obstruction of urine flow.
Urethra Urethr(o) The outlet for urine flow. Because the urethra is much shorter in females, they are more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTI).
Urinary system
(Nephr(o), ren(o))
(Ureter(o))
(Urethr(o))
Renal pelvis(Pyel(o))
Cyst(o)
Adrenal glands
Adrenal glands
• The adrenal glands, a part of the endocrine system, secrete a group of hormones that profoundly influence all body systems.
• The anatomical placement of the adrenal glands are sometimes called the suprarenal glands, and the term adrenal it’s component parts Ad/renal – means toward the kidney.
Disorders, and procedures• Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys
and renal pelvis. Associated with formation of small abscess in the renal pelvis.
Treatment consists of antibiotics and surgical correction of any obstruction to urine flow.
• Urine retention results from blockage of urine flow from the bladder.
• Urinary incontinence is the inability to control urine flow from the bladder.
Disorders, and proceduresCysTOScopy Visual examination of the urinary bladder
UreTHRItis Inflammation of the urethra
UreterItis Inflammation of the ureter
PyeLItis Inflammation of the renal pelvis or kidney basin
UreTHROStomy Forming a new opening in the urethra
UreterolithOTomy Surgical incision into the ureter to remove a calculus or stone.
CYSTocele Herniation of the urinary bladder
UreterocysTOStomy
Forming a new opening in the urinary bladder and ureter
Female reproductive system
• The female reproductive system consists of organs that produce ova and female sex cells and provide for the growth of the embryo.
• Identify the major parts of the female reproductive system and learn the roots used to describe them.
Major parts of the female reproductive system
Body part Root and combining vowelFallopian tube Salping(o)Ovary Oophor(o), Ovary(o) Uterus Hyster(o), Metr(o)Vagina Colp(o)
Descriptive prefixes
ambi- bothanis(o)- unequaleu- good or normaliso- equalmacr(o)- largemon(o)- onemulti- many, muchscler(o)- hard
Prefix Meaning
Anatomical terms• AmbiOpia – double vision.• AnisocyTOsis – inequality of the size of cells, especially
erythrocytes.• EuPEPsia is the opposite of dyspepsia – good or
normal degestion.• MacroSCOPic is the opposite of microscopic – seen
with the naked eye.• MONocyte is the largest of the leukocytes – leukocyte
having one nuclei.• MultiNUclear is several types of white blood cells are
– having many nuclei.• ScleroDERma is a chronic collagen disease - hardening
of the skin.
Anatomical terms
• CheiLOTomy – surgical incision into the lip.• InterCOStal – between the ribs.• DacTYLogram- fingerprint.• HemaTOLogy- study of blood.• HepaTItis – inflammation of the liver.• LapaROTomy – surgical incision into the abdominal wall.• LiPOma – fatty tumor• NarCOsis – condition of being unconscious.
• StenoCARdia – narrow vessels of the heart.
Descriptive prefixesSuffix Meaning
-centesis Surgical puncture
-emesis vomiting
-emia blood
-lysis Destruction, break down, separation
-malacia softening
-penia Decrease deficiency, lack of
plegia paralysis
ptosis prolaps
tripsy Surgical crushinguria urine
Female reproductive systemCoIPItis Inflammation of the vagina
Salpingo-oophoRECtomy Surgical excision of an ovary and a fallopian tube
OvariECtomy Surgical excision of an ovary
HysterECtomy Surgical excision of uterus
SalpinGItis Inflammation of the fallopian tube
VaginItis Inflammation of the vagina
BiLATeral salpinGECtomy
Surgical excision of both fallopian tube
Anatomical terms• ThoracenTEsis – surgical puncture of the thoracic
cavity.• HyperEMesis – excessive vomiting.• LeuKEmia – cancer of the white blood cells.• HeMOLysis (Snake venoms may cause ) – destruction
of the blood cells.• OsteomalAcia – softning of bone.• LeukocytoPEnia – deficiency of the white blood cells.• HemiPLEgia – paralysis on the left or right side of the
body. • PolyUria – excessive urination.
Anatomical terms• Cheilitis – inflammation of the lips.• Lipoma – fatty tumor.• Narcotic – drug used to reduce pain and induce sleep.• Eupnea – good or normal breathing. • Ophthalmoplegia – paralysis of the eye muscles.• Monomyositis – inflammation of one musle.• Stenostomia – narroe mouth.• Arteriosclerosis – hardining of the arteries.• Leukocytopenia – lack of white blood cells.• Encephalomalacia – softning 0f the tissus of the brain.• Gastrocentesis - surgical puncture into the stomach. • Hemiplegia – paralysis on the left or right side of the body.