OD. E - ANALISI E TRADUZIONE
TRADUZIONE E ANALISI ODISSEA VV. 116-264
VV. 116-150
ὣς φάτο, ῥίγησεν δὲ Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων,
καί μιν φωνήσασ᾽ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα:
‘σχέτλιοί ἐστε, θεοί, ζηλήμονες ἔξοχον ἄλλων,
οἵ τε θεαῖς ἀγάασθε παρ᾽ ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι
120 ἀμφαδίην, ἤν τίς τε φίλον ποιήσετ᾽ ἀκοίτην.
ὣς μὲν ὅτ᾽ Ὠρίων᾽ ἕλετο ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,
τόφρα οἱ ἠγάασθε θεοὶ ῥεῖα ζώοντες,
ἧος ἐν Ὀρτυγίῃ χρυσόθρονος Ἄρτεμις ἁγνὴ
οἷς ἀγανοῖς βελέεσσιν ἐποιχομένη κατέπεφνεν.
125 ὣς δ᾽ ὁπότ᾽ Ἰασίωνι ἐυπλόκαμος Δημήτηρ,
ᾧ θυμῷ εἴξασα, μίγη φιλότητι καὶ εὐνῇ
νειῷ ἔνι τριπόλῳ: οὐδὲ δὴν ἦεν ἄπυστος
Ζεύς, ὅς μιν κατέπεφνε βαλὼν ἀργῆτι κεραυνῷ.
ὥς δ᾽ αὖ νῦν μοι ἄγασθε, θεοί, βροτὸν ἄνδρα παρεῖναι.
130 τὸν μὲν ἐγὼν ἐσάωσα περὶ τρόπιος βεβαῶτα
οἶον, ἐπεί οἱ νῆα θοὴν ἀργῆτι κεραυνῷ
Ζεὺς ἔλσας ἐκέασσε μέσῳ ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ.
ἔνθ᾽ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἀπέφθιθεν ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι,
τὸν δ᾽ ἄρα δεῦρ᾽ ἄνεμός τε φέρων καὶ κῦμα πέλασσε.
135 τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ φίλεόν τε καὶ ἔτρεφον, ἠδὲ ἔφασκον
θήσειν ἀθάνατον καὶ ἀγήραον ἤματα πάντα.
ἀλλ᾽ ἐπεὶ οὔ πως ἔστι Διὸς νόον αἰγιόχοιο
οὔτε παρεξελθεῖν ἄλλον θεὸν οὔθ᾽ ἁλιῶσαι,
ἐρρέτω, εἴ μιν κεῖνος ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει,
140 πόντον ἐπ᾽ ἀτρύγετον: πέμψω δέ μιν οὔ πῃ ἐγώ γε:
οὐ γάρ μοι πάρα νῆες ἐπήρετμοι καὶ ἑταῖροι,
οἵ κέν μιν πέμποιεν ἐπ᾽ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης.
αὐτάρ οἱ πρόφρων ὑποθήσομαι, οὐδ᾽ ἐπικεύσω,
ὥς κε μάλ᾽ ἀσκηθὴς ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκηται.’
τὴν δ᾽ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης:
‘οὕτω νῦν ἀπόπεμπε, Διὸς δ᾽ ἐποπίζεο μῆνιν,
μή πώς τοι μετόπισθε κοτεσσάμενος χαλεπήνῃ.’
ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης:
ἡ δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ Ὀδυσσῆα μεγαλήτορα πότνια νύμφη
150 ἤι᾽, ἐπεὶ δὴ Ζηνὸς ἐπέκλυεν ἀγγελιάων.
Così disse, e rabbrividì Calipso, divina fra le dee,
e dopo aver levato la voce rivolse a lui parole alate:
“Siete crudeli, o dei, invidiosi di più degli altri,
(voi) che alle dee invidiate il coricarsi con gli uomini
manifestamente, e se qualcuna si procura come compagno
(uno a lei) caro. Così, invero, quando Aurora dalle dita di
rosa prese Orione, voi dei che vivete beatamente lo
invidiavate tanto, finché la casta Artemide dall’aureo trono
lo uccise in Ortigia colpendolo con i suoi dardi miti.
Così anche quando Demetra dalle belle trecce, ceduta alla
sua passione, si congiunse nell’amore e nel letto a Iasìone
nel maggese tre volte arato: e non a lungo fu ignaro Giove,
che lo uccise colpendolo col fulmine abbagliante.
E così di nuovo, o dei, avete invidia che un uomo mortale
stia vicino a me. Ma io salvai lui venuto solo sulla carena,
dopo che Giove avendo distrutto a lui la nave veloce con il
fulmine abbagliante, la disperse nel mezzo del mare dal
colore del vino. Allora tutti gli altri compagni valorosi
perirono, ma poi il vento e l’onda trasportandolo lo
spinsero qui.
Ed io amavo e nutrivo lui, e promettevo di renderlo
immortale e senza vecchiaia per sempre.
Ma poiché in nessun modo è possibile che un altro dio né
renda vana né trasgredisca l’intento di Giove egioco,
vada errando, se quello glielo richiede e comanda,
sul mare inconsunto: ma io certamente non lo
accompagnerò da alcuna parte: infatti non ho navi
provviste di remi né compagni, che possano condurlo sugli
ampi dorsi del mare. Però gli darò di buon animo
suggerimenti, e non gli nasconderò in che modo possa
giungere del tutto illeso alla sua terra patria.
E a lei a sua volta rispose il messaggero Argheifonte:
“Lascialo andare, dunque, così e abbi timore dell’ira di
Zeus, affinché in seguito non serbi in alcun modo rancore
contro di te pur essendosi sdegnato”. Avendo, dunque, così
detto il forte Argheifonte se ne andò: e lei, la ninfa
veneranda, andava dal magnanimo Odisseo, dopo che
invero udì il messaggio di Zeus.
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OD. E - ANALISI E TRADUZIONE
116-264 ANALISI FORMA BASE INFO
φάτο, efato, 3 s. imperf m. fèmi φημί i.e. bhā
ῥίγησεν verb 3rd sg aor ind act hom ionic unaugm. nu_movable - ερρίγησε ῥιγέω i.e. bhṛj, bharj, bhraj
θεάων, noun pl fem gen epic aeolic - θεων θεά i.e. dī
μιν pron 3rd sg masc acc epic ionic enclitic indecl. - sta per αὐτόν μιν - αὐτός
φωνήσασ᾽ part sg aor act fem nom attic epic ionic φωνέω i.e. bhan
πτερόεντα adj pl neut acc πτερόεις
προσηύδα: verb 3rd sg imperf ind act contr προσαυδάω
ἔπεα noun pl neut acc epic ionic - ἔπη ἔπος i.e. vac
ἐστε verb 2nd pl pres ind act enclitic εἰμί
ἀγάασθε verb 2nd pl pres ind mp epic doric aeolic f. distratta - ἀγάσθε ἄγαομαι
εὐνάζεσθαι verb pres inf mp εὐνάζω
ἀμφαδίην, adj sg fem acc epic ionic - ἀναφαδìαν ἀμφάδιος
ἤν conj contr indeclform - ἐάν ἐάν
ποιήσετ᾽ verb 3rd sg aor subj mid epic poetic short_subj - ποιήσεται ποιέω
ἀκοίτην. noun sg masc acc attic epic ionic ἀκοίτης
ἕλετο verb 3rd sg aor ind mid homeric ionic syll_augm unaugm - εἷλετο αἱρέω
Ἠώς, noun sg fem nom - Ἐώς Ἐώς
οἱ pron sg masc dat epic ionic enclitic indeclform - ἀυτώ ἀυτός
ἠγάασθε verb 2nd pl impf ind mp epic doric aeolic f. distratta - ἠγάσθε ἄγαομαι
ῥεῖα adv indeclform - ῥέα ῥέα
ζώοντες, part pl pres act masc nom epic f. distratta- ζώντες ζάω
ἧος conj epic indeclform - ἕως ἕως
Ὀρτυγίῃ noun sg fem dat epic ionic - Ὀρτυγίᾳ Ὀρτυγία
βελέεσσιν noun pl neut dat epic nu_movable - βέλεσιν βέλος
ἐποιχομένη part sg pres mp fem nom attic epic ionic ἐποίχομαι
κατέπεφνεν. verb 3rd sg aor ind act epic nu_movable redupl καταφένω
εἴξασα part sg aor act fem nom attic epic ionic εἴκω
μίγη verb 3rd sg aor ind pass homeric ionic unaugmented - ἐμιγή μίγνυμι
ἔνι prep poetic proclitic indeclform posposto con ritiro dell’accento ἐν
ἦεν verb 3rd sg imperf ind act epic - ἦν εἰμί
μιν pron 3rd sg masc acc epic ionic enclitic indecl. - sta per αὐτόν μιν - αὐτός
κατέπεφνε verb 3rd sg aor ind act epic nu_movable redupl καταφένω
βαλὼν part sg aor act masc nom βάλλω
ἀργῆτι noun sg masc dat ἀργής
ἄγασθε verb 2nd pl pres ind mp ἄγαμαι
παρεῖναι. verb pres inf act πάρειμι
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τὸν pron sg sg masc acc - αὐτόν αὐτός
ἐσάωσα verb 1st sg aor ind act σαόω, σώζω
τρόπιος noun sg fem gen epic doric ionic aeolic - τρόπεως τρόπις
βεβαῶτα part sg perf act masc acc epic - βεβώς βαίνω
οἱ pron sg masc dat epic ionic enclitic indeclform - ἀυτώ ἀυτός
νῆα noun sg fem acc epic indeclform - νάυν ναῦς
θοὴν adj sg fem acc attic epic ionic θοός
ἀργῆτι noun sg masc dat ἀργής
ἔλσας part sg aor act masc nom attic epic ionic εἴλω
ἐκέασσε verb 3rd sg aor ind act κεάζω
ἀπέφθιθεν verb 3rd pl aor ind pass epic - ἀπεφθíθήσαν ἀποφθίνω
τὸν pron sg sg masc acc - αὐτόν αὐτός
φέρων part sg pres act masc nom φέρω
πέλασσε. verb 3rd sg aor ind act epic ionic unaugmented πελάζω
τὸν pron sg sg masc acc - αὐτόν αὐτός
φίλεόν verb 1st sg imperf ind act epic doric ionic aeolic unaugm- ἐφíλουν φιλέω
ἔτρεφον verb 1st sg imperf ind act τρέφω
ἠδὲ conj indeclform - καί ἠδὲ
ἔφασκον verb 1st sg imperf ind act φάσκω
θήσειν verb fut inf act doric contr τίθημι
ἔστι verb 3rd sg pres ind act enclitic εἰμί
νόον noun sg masc acc epic doric ionic - νοῦν νόος
αἰγιόχοιο adj sg masc gen epic - αἰγιόχου αἰγίοχος
παρεξελθεῖν verb aor inf act attic epic doric contr παρεξέρχομαι
οὔθ᾽ adv indeclform - οὔτε οὔτε
ἁλιῶσαι, verb aor inf act ἁλιόω
ἐρρέτω verb 3rd sg pres imperat act ἔρρω
ἐποτρύνει verb 3rd sg pres ind act ἐποτρύνω
ἀνώγει, verb 3rd sg perf ind act ἄνωγα (pf.)
πέμψω verb 1st sg fut ind act doric contr πέμπω
μιν pron 3rd sg masc acc epic ionic enclitic indecl. - sta per αὐτόν μιν - αὐτός
πῃ partic enclitic indeclform πη
πάρα verb 3rd pl pres ind act - παρεισι παρείμι
κέν partic epic enclitic indeclform - ἄν ἄν
μιν pron 3rd sg masc acc epic ionic enclitic indecl. - sta per αὐτόν μιν - αὐτός
πέμποιεν verb 3rd pl pres opt act πέμπω
οἱ pron sg masc dat epic ionic enclitic indeclform - ἀυτώ ἀυτός
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ὑποθήσομαι verb 1st sg fut ind mid ὑποτίθημι
ἐπικεύσω, verb 1st sg fut ind act doric contr ἐπικεύθω
κε partic epic enclitic indeclform - ἄν ἄν
γαῖαν noun sg fem acc attic epic doric ionic aeolic - γήν γαῖα
ἵκηται.’ verb 3rd sg aor subj mp ἱκνέομαι
τὸν pron sg sg fem acc - αὐτήν αὐτός
προσέειπε verb 3rd sg aor 2 ind act epic - προσέειπε προσλέγω
ἀπόπεμπε verb 2nd sg pres imperat act ἀποπέμπω
ἐποπίζεο verb 2nd sg pres imperat mp epic doric ionic aeolic - ἐποπίζου ἐποπίζομαι
τοι pron 2nd sg dat doric enclitic indeclform - σοι σύ
κοτεσσάμενος part sg aor mid masc nom epic κοτέω
χαλεπήνῃ.’ verb 3rd sg aor subj act χαλεπαίνω
φωνήσας part sg aor act masc nom attic epic ionic φωνέω
ἀπέβη verb 3rd sg aor ind act ἀποβαίνω
Ὀδυσσῆα noun sg masc acc epic ionic - Ὀδυσσέα Ὀδυσσεύς
μεγαλήτορα noun sg masc acc μεγαλήτωρ
ἤι᾽, verb 3rd sg imperf ind act epic ionic - ἤιει εἶμι
Ζηνὸς noun sg masc gen poetic indeclform - Διός Ζεύς i.e. div
ἐπέκλυεν verb 3rd sg imperf ind act nu_movable ἐπικλύω
ἀγγελιάων. noun pl fem gen epic aeolic - ἀγγελιῶν ἀγγελία
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VV. 151-179
τὸν δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀκτῆς εὗρε καθήμενον: οὐδέ ποτ᾽ ὄσσε
δακρυόφιν τέρσοντο, κατείβετο δὲ γλυκὺς αἰὼν
νόστον ὀδυρομένῳ, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι ἥνδανε νύμφη.
ἀλλ᾽ ἦ τοι νύκτας μὲν ἰαύεσκεν καὶ ἀνάγκῃ
155 ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι παρ᾽ οὐκ ἐθέλων ἐθελούσῃ:
ἤματα δ᾽ ἂμ πέτρῃσι καὶ ἠιόνεσσι καθίζων
δάκρυσι καὶ στοναχῇσι καὶ ἄλγεσι θυμὸν ἐρέχθων
πόντον ἐπ᾽ ἀτρύγετον δερκέσκετο δάκρυα λείβων.
ἀγχοῦ δ᾽ ἱσταμένη προσεφώνεε δῖα θεάων:
160 ‘κάμμορε, μή μοι ἔτ᾽ ἐνθάδ᾽ ὀδύρεο, μηδέ τοι αἰὼν
φθινέτω: ἤδη γάρ σε μάλα πρόφρασσ᾽ ἀποπέμψω.
ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε δούρατα μακρὰ ταμὼν ἁρμόζεο χαλκῷ
εὐρεῖαν σχεδίην: ἀτὰρ ἴκρια πῆξαι ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς
ὑψοῦ, ὥς σε φέρῃσιν ἐπ᾽ ἠεροειδέα πόντον.
165 αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ σῖτον καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ οἶνον ἐρυθρὸν
ἐνθήσω μενοεικέ᾽, ἅ κέν τοι λιμὸν ἐρύκοι,
εἵματά τ᾽ ἀμφιέσω: πέμψω δέ τοι οὖρον ὄπισθεν,
ὥς κε μάλ᾽ ἀσκηθὴς σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκηαι,
αἴ κε θεοί γ᾽ ἐθέλωσι, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν,
170 οἵ μευ φέρτεροί εἰσι νοῆσαί τε κρῆναί τε.’
ὣς φάτο, ῥίγησεν δὲ πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,
καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα:
‘ἄλλο τι δὴ σύ, θεά, τόδε μήδεαι, οὐδέ τι πομπήν,
ἥ με κέλεαι σχεδίῃ περάαν μέγα λαῖτμα θαλάσσης,
175 δεινόν τ᾽ ἀργαλέον τε: τὸ δ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἐπὶ νῆες ἐῖσαι
ὠκύποροι περόωσιν, ἀγαλλόμεναι Διὸς οὔρῳ.
οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἐγὼν ἀέκητι σέθεν σχεδίης ἐπιβαίην,
εἰ μή μοι τλαίης γε, θεά, μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμόσσαι
μή τί μοι αὐτῷ πῆμα κακὸν βουλευσέμεν ἄλλο.’
Lo trovò seduto sul lido: né mai i suoi occhi erano asciutti
di lacrime, la dolce vita si consumava in lui che piangeva
per il ritorno, perché non gli piaceva più la ninfa.
Ma in verità certamente la notte dormiva e per forza,
nella cava spelonca, non volendo accanto a lei che voleva;
ma di giorno, seduto sugli scogli e sulle rive,
con lacrime e gemiti e dolori lacerandosi il cuore,
guardava spesso il mare inconsunto, e lacrime versava.
Fattasi a lui vicino, gli parlò la divina fra le dèe:
“Infelice, non starmi ancora qui a piangere, né la tua vita
si consumi così. Ormai ti manderò via senza contrastarti.
Su, taglia col bronzo grossi tronchi e costruisci
una larga zattera; poi su di essa conficca in alto
fiancate di tavole, affinché ti porti sul mare caliginoso.
Per parte mia, ci metterò cibo e acqua e rosso vino 165
in abbondanza, che ti tengano distante la fame.
Ti darò vesti e ti manderò vento dietro,
perché tu possa giungere indenne nella tua terra patria,
purché lo vogliano gli dèi, che abitano il vasto cielo.
Essi sono più bravi di me nell’ideare e nel realizzare”.
Così disse, e rabbrividì il molto paziente divino Ulisse.
A lei rivolgendosi disse alate parole:
“Tu certamente, o dea, mediti qualcos’altro ora, non affatto
il ritorno, tu che ordini che io su una zattera traversi il vasto
gorgo del mare, terribile orrendo: nemmeno navi ben fatte
e veloci lo varcano, pur vantando il vento propizio di Zeus.
E non vorrei salire sulla zattera contro il tuo volere
se, o dea, non osi invero giurare a me un gran giuramento:
che contro me stesso tu non macchinerai qualche altro
grave malanno”.
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OD. E - ANALISI E TRADUZIONE
151-179 ANALISI FORMA BASE INFO
τὸν pron sg sg masc acc - αὐτόν αὐτός
δ᾽ partic indeclform δέ
ἄρ᾽ partic indeclform ἄρα
ἐπ᾽ prep indeclform ἐπί
ἀκτῆς noun sg fem gen attic epic ionic ἀκτή
εὗρε verb 3rd sg aor 2 ind act late εὑρίσκω
καθήμενον: part sg perf mid masc acc κάθημαι
οὐδέ pron indeclform οὐδέ
ποτ᾽ pron indeclform πότε
ὄσσε noun dual neut nom ὄσσα
δακρυόφιν noun pl neut dat epic con suffisso -φι δάκρυον
τέρσοντο, verb 3rd pl imperf ind pass homeric ionic unaugmented τερσαίνω / τέρσω
κατείβετο verb 3rd sg imperf ind mp homeric ionic unaugmented κατείβω
δὲ partic indeclform δὲ
γλυκὺς adj sg masc nom γλυκύς
αἰὼν noun sg masc nom poetic αἰών
νόστον noun sg masc acc νόστος
ὀδυρομένῳ, part sg pres mp masc dat ὀδύρομαι
ἐπεὶ conj indeclform ἐπεὶ
οὐκέτι adv indeclform οὐκέτι
ἥνδανε verb 3rd sg imperf ind act attic epic ionic n_infix ἁνδάνω
νύμφη. noun sg fem nom attic epic ionic νύμφη
ἀλλ᾽ adv indeclform ἀλλά
ἦ adv indeclform ἦ
τοι partic enclitic indeclform τοι
νύκτας noun pl fem acc νύξ
μὲν partic indeclform μὲν
ἰαύεσκεν verb 3rd sg imperf ind act epic ionic iter unaug nu_movable ἰαύω
καὶ conj indeclform καὶ
ἀνάγκῃ noun sg fem dat attic epic ionic ἀνάγκη
ἐν prep proclitic indeclform ἐν
σπέσσι noun pl neut dat epic indeclform σπέος
γλαφυροῖσι adj pl neut dat epic ionic aeolic, att. γλαφυροῖς γλαφυρός
παρ᾽ prep indeclform παρά
οὐκ adv proclitic indeclform οὐκ
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ἐθέλων part sg pres act masc nom ἐθέλω
ἐθελούσῃ: part sg pres act fem dat attic epic ionic ἐθέλω
ἤματα noun pl neut acc ἦμαρ
δ᾽ partic indeclform δέ
ἂμ prep epic indeclform - ἀνά ἀνά
πέτρῃσι noun pl fem dat epic ionic - πετραις πέτρα
καὶ conj indeclform καὶ
ἠιόνεσσι noun pl fem dat attic epic aeolic - ηιόσι ἠιών
καθίζων part sg pres act masc nom pres_redupl καθίζω
δάκρυσι noun pl neut dat poetic δάκρυον
καὶ conj indeclform καὶ
στοναχῇσι noun pl fem dat epic ionic - στοναχαῖς στοναχή
καὶ conj indeclform καὶ
ἄλγεσι noun pl neut dat ἄλγος
θυμὸν noun sg masc acc θυμός
ἐρέχθων part sg pres act masc nom ἐρέχθω
πόντον noun sg masc acc πόντος
ἐπ᾽ prep indeclform ἐπί
ἀτρύγετον adj sg masc acc ἀτρύγετος
δερκέσκετο verb 3rd sg imperf ind mid epic ionic iterative unaugmented δέρκομαι
δάκρυα noun pl neut acc poetic δάκρυον
λείβων. part sg pres act masc nom λείβω
ἀγχοῦ adv indeclform ἀγχοῦ
δ᾽ partic indeclform δέ
ἱσταμένη part sg pres mp fem nom attic epic ionic causal pres_redupl ἵστημι
προσεφώνεε verb 3rd sg imperf ind act epic ionic - προσεφώνει προσφωνέω
δῖα adj sg fem nom epic indeclform δῖα
θεάων: noun pl fem gen epic aeolic - θεῶν θεά
160 ‘κάμμορε, adj sg masc voc κάμμορος
μή conj indeclform μή
μοι pron 1st sg fem dat enclitic indeclform ἐγώ
ἔτ᾽ adv indeclform ἔτι
ἐνθάδ᾽ adv indeclform ἐνθάδε
ὀδύρεο, verb 2nd sg pres imperat mp epic doric ionic aeolic - οδύρου ὀδύρομαι
μηδέ partic indeclform μηδέ
τοι pron 2nd sg dat doric enclitic indeclform - σοι σοι
αἰὼν noun sg masc nom poetic αἰών
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φθινέτω: verb 3rd sg pres imperat act n_infix φθίνω
ἤδη adv indeclform ἤδη
γάρ partic indeclform γάρ
σε pron 2nd sg acc enclitic indeclform σύ
μάλα adv indeclform μάλα
πρόφρασσ᾽ verb 1st sg aor ind act homeric ionic unaugm - πρόφρασσα προφράζω
ἀποπέμψω. verb 1st sg fut ind act doric contr ἀποπέμπω
ἀλλ᾽ adv indeclform ἀλλά
ἄγε adv indeclform ἄγε
δούρατα noun pl neut acc epic indeclform - δόρατα δόρυ
μακρὰ adj pl neut acc μακρός
ταμὼν part sg aor 2 act masc nom τέμνω
ἁρμόζεο verb 2nd sg pres imperat mp epic doric ionic aeolic - αρμοζου ἁρμόζω
χαλκῷ noun sg neut dat χαλκός
εὐρεῖαν adj sg fem acc εὐρύς
σχεδίην: noun sg fem acc epic ionic - σχεδίαν σχεδία
ἀτὰρ partic indeclform ἀτὰρ
ἴκρια noun pl neut acc ἴκρια
πῆξαι verb 2nd sg aor imperat mid πήγνυμι
ἐπ᾽ prep indeclform ἐπί
αὐτῆς adj sg fem gen attic epic ionic αὐτός
ὑψοῦ, adv indeclform ὑψοῦ
ὥς conj proclitic indeclform ὥς
σε pron 2nd sg acc enclitic indeclform σύ
φέρῃσιν verb 3rd sg pres subj act epic nu_movable - φέρη φέρω
ἐπ᾽ prep indeclform ἐπί
ἠεροειδέα adj pl neut acc epic ionic - ηεροειδη ἠεροειδής
πόντον. noun sg masc acc πόντος
165 αὐτὰρ partic epic indeclform ἀτάρ
ἐγὼ pron 1st sg fem nom indeclform ἐγὼ
σῖτον noun sg masc acc σῖτος
καὶ conj indeclform καὶ
ὕδωρ noun sg neut acc indeclform ὕδωρ
καὶ conj indeclform καὶ
οἶνον noun sg masc acc οἶνος
ἐρυθρὸν adj sg masc acc ἐρυθρός
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ἐνθήσω verb 1st sg fut ind act doric contr ἐντίθημι
μενοεικέ᾽, adj pl neut acc epic ionic - μενοεικῆ μενοεικής
ἅ pron pl neut nom indeclform ὅς
κέν partic epic enclitic indeclform - ἄν ἄν
τοι pron 2nd sg dat doric enclitic indeclform - σοι σοι
λιμὸν noun sg masc acc λιμός
ἐρύκοι, verb 3rd sg pres opt act ἐρύκω
εἵματά noun pl neut acc εἷμα
τ᾽ partic enclitic indeclform τε
ἀμφιέσω: verb 1st sg fut ind act doric poetic contr raw_preverb ἀμφιέννυμι
πέμψω verb 1st sg fut ind act doric contr πέμπω
δέ partic indeclform δέ
τοι pron 2nd sg dat doric enclitic indeclform σοι
οὖρον noun sg neut acc οὖρον
ὄπισθεν, adv indeclform ὄπισθεν
ὥς conj proclitic indeclform ὥς
κε partic epic enclitic indeclform - ἄν ἄν
μάλ᾽ adv indeclform μάλα
ἀσκηθὴς adj sg masc nom ἀσκηθὴς
σὴν adj sg fem acc attic epic ionic σός
πατρίδα noun sg fem acc πατρίς
γαῖαν noun sg fem acc attic epic doric ionic aeolic - γην γαῖα
ἵκηαι, verb 2nd sg aor 2 subj mp epic ἱκνέομαι
αἴ conj doric aeolic proclitic indeclform - εἰ εἰ
κε partic epic enclitic indeclform - ἄν ἄν
θεοί noun pl masc nom θεός
γ᾽ partic enclitic indeclform γε
ἐθέλωσι, verb 3rd pl pres subj act ἐθέλω
τοὶ pron 2nd sg dat doric enclitic indeclform - σοι σοι
οὐρανὸν noun sg masc acc οὐρανός
εὐρὺν adj sg masc acc εὐρύς
ἔχουσιν, verb 3rd pl pres ind act attic epic doric ionic nu_movable ἔχω
170 οἵ pron pl masc nom indeclform ὅς
μευ pron 1st sg fem gen epic enclitic indeclform - μου ἐγώ
φέρτεροί adj pl masc nom irreg_comp φερτός
εἰσι verb 3rd pl pres ind act enclitic εἰμί
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νοῆσαί verb aor inf act νοέω
τε partic enclitic indeclform τε
κρῆναί verb aor inf act epic κραίνω
τε.’ partic enclitic indeclform τε
ὣς adv indeclform ὥς
φάτο, verb 3rd sg aor ind mid epic - εφατο φημί
ῥίγησεν verb 3rd sg aor ind act homer ionic unaugm nu_mov -ερρίγησε ῥιγέω
δὲ partic indeclform δὲ
πολύτλας noun sg masc nom epic doric aeolic πόλυτλας
δῖος adj sg masc nom δῖος
Ὀδυσσεύς, noun sg masc nom Ὀδυσσεύς
καί conj indeclform καί
μιν pron 3rd sg mas acc epic ionic enclitic indeclform - ἀυτόν μιν
φωνήσας part sg aor act masc nom attic epic ionic φωνέω
ἔπεα noun pl neut acc epic ionic - επη ἔπος
πτερόεντα adj pl neut acc πτερόεις
προσηύδα: verb 3rd sg imperf ind act contr προσαυδάω
‘ἄλλο adj sg neut acc ἄλλος
τι pron sg neut acc enclitic indeclform τις
δὴ partic indeclform δὴ
σύ, pron 2nd sg nom indeclform σύ
θεά, noun dual fem voc θεά
τόδε pron sg neut acc indeclform ὅδε
μήδεαι, verb 2nd sg pres ind mp epic ionic - μέδει o μήδῃ μήδομαι
οὐδέ partic indeclform οὐδέ
τι pron sg neut acc enclitic indeclform τις
πομπήν, noun sg fem acc attic epic ionic πομπή
ἥ pron sg fem nom attic homeric ionic indeclform ὅς
με pron 1st sg masc acc enclitic indeclform ἐγώ
κέλεαι verb 2nd sg pres ind mp epic ionic - κέλει o κέλῃ κέλομαι
σχεδίῃ noun sg fem dat epic ionic σχεδία
περάαν verb pres inf act epic - περάειν περάω
μέγα adj sg neut acc indeclform μέγας
λαῖτμα noun sg neut acc λαῖτμα
θαλάσσης, noun sg fem gen attic epic ionic θάλασσα
175 δεινόν adj sg neut acc δεινός
τ᾽ partic enclitic indeclform τε
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ἀργαλέον adj sg neut acc ἀργαλέος
τε: partic enclitic indeclform τε
τὸ adj sg neut acc αὐτός
δ᾽ partic indeclform δέ
οὐδ᾽ partic indeclform οὐδέ
ἐπὶ prep indeclform ἐπὶ
νῆες noun pl fem nom epic indeclform ναῦς
ἐῖσαι adj pl fem nom epic ἴσος
ὠκύποροι adj pl fem nom ὠκύπορος
περόωσιν, verb 3rd pl pres ind act epic nu_movable - επιπερωσι περάω
ἀγαλλόμεναι part pl pres mp fem nom ἀγάλλω
Διὸς noun sg masc gen indeclform Ζεύς
οὔρῳ. noun sg masc dat οὖρος
οὐδ᾽ partic indeclform οὐδέ
ἂν conj contr indeclform ἂν
ἐγὼν pron 1st sg masc nom epic indeclform ἐγώ
ἀέκητι adv epic indeclform ἀέκητι
σέθεν pron 2nd sg gen epic indeclform - σου σύ
σχεδίης noun sg fem gen epic ionic - σχεδίας σχεδία
ἐπιβαίην, verb 1st sg aor opt act ἐπιβαίνω
εἰ conj proclitic indeclform εἰ
μή conj indeclform μή
μοι pron 1st sg masc dat enclitic indeclform ἐγώ
τλαίης verb 2nd sg pres opt act τλάω
γε, partic enclitic indeclform γε
θεά, noun dual fem voc θεά
μέγαν adj sg masc acc indeclform μέγας
ὅρκον noun sg masc acc ὅρκος
ὀμόσσαι verb aor inf act epic - ομοσαι ὄμνυμι
μή conj indeclform μή
τί pron sg neut acc enclitic indeclform τις
μοι pron 1st sg masc dat enclitic indeclform ἐγώ
αὐτῷ adj sg masc dat αὐτός
πῆμα noun sg neut acc πῆμα
κακὸν adj sg neut acc κακός
βουλευσέμεν verb fut inf act epic - βουλεύσειν βουλεύω
ἄλλο.’ adj sg neut acc ἄλλος
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VV. 180-213
180 ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ Καλυψὼ δῖα θεάων,
χειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τ᾽ ἔφατ᾽ ἔκ τ᾽ ὀνόμαζεν:
‘ἦ δὴ ἀλιτρός γ᾽ ἐσσὶ καὶ οὐκ ἀποφώλια εἰδώς,
οἷον δὴ τὸν μῦθον ἐπεφράσθης ἀγορεῦσαι.
ἴστω νῦν τόδε γαῖα καὶ οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθε
185 καὶ τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, ὅς τε μέγιστος
ὅρκος δεινότατός τε πέλει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι,
μή τί τοι αὐτῷ πῆμα κακὸν βουλευσέμεν ἄλλο.
ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν νοέω καὶ φράσσομαι, ἅσσ᾽ ἂν ἐμοί περ
αὐτῇ μηδοίμην, ὅτε με χρειὼ τόσον ἵκοι:
190 καὶ γὰρ ἐμοὶ νόος ἐστὶν ἐναίσιμος, οὐδέ μοι αὐτῇ
θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι σιδήρεος, ἀλλ᾽ ἐλεήμων.
ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασ᾽ ἡγήσατο δῖα θεάων
καρπαλίμως: ὁ δ᾽ ἔπειτα μετ᾽ ἴχνια βαῖνε θεοῖο.
ἷξον δὲ σπεῖος γλαφυρὸν θεὸς ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνήρ,
195 καί ῥ᾽ ὁ μὲν ἔνθα καθέζετ᾽ ἐπὶ θρόνου ἔνθεν ἀνέστη
Ἑρμείας, νύμφη δ᾽ ἐτίθει πάρα πᾶσαν ἐδωδήν,
ἔσθειν καὶ πίνειν, οἷα βροτοὶ ἄνδρες ἔδουσιν:
αὐτὴ δ᾽ ἀντίον ἷζεν Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο,
τῇ δὲ παρ᾽ ἀμβροσίην δμῳαὶ καὶ νέκταρ ἔθηκαν.
200 οἱ δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ὀνείαθ᾽ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τάρπησαν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος,
τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων:
‘διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχαν᾽ Ὀδυσσεῦ,
οὕτω δὴ οἶκόνδε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν
205 αὐτίκα νῦν ἐθέλεις ἰέναι; σὺ δὲ χαῖρε καὶ ἔμπης.
εἴ γε μὲν εἰδείης σῇσι φρεσὶν ὅσσα τοι αἶσα
κήδε᾽ ἀναπλῆσαι, πρὶν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι,
ἐνθάδε κ᾽ αὖθι μένων σὺν ἐμοὶ τόδε δῶμα φυλάσσοις
ἀθάνατός τ᾽ εἴης, ἱμειρόμενός περ ἰδέσθαι
210 σὴν ἄλοχον, τῆς τ᾽ αἰὲν ἐέλδεαι ἤματα πάντα.
οὐ μέν θην κείνης γε χερείων εὔχομαι εἶναι,
οὐ δέμας οὐδὲ φυήν, ἐπεὶ οὔ πως οὐδὲ ἔοικεν
θνητὰς ἀθανάτῃσι δέμας καὶ εἶδος ἐρίζειν.’
Così disse, e sorrise Calipso divina fra le dee,
poi lo accarezzò con la mano, lo chiamò per nome e proferì
parola: “Oh certamente tu sei furbo e non conoscente cose
vane, in verità tale (è) il discorso che ti è venuto in mente
dire. Sappia questo ora la terra e il cielo immenso su in alto
e l’acqua dello Stige che defluisce in giù, per gli dei beati
questo è il giuramento più grande e terribile,
che io non macchinerò contro di te qualche altro grave
malanno. Ma penso e ti consiglierò quelle cose che io
mediterei in verità per me stessa, qualora mi giungesse lo
stesso bisogno: e infatti io ho una mente giusta, e non ho
nel petto un cuore di pietra, ma compassionevole.
Così, dunque. dopo aver detto queste cose andò avanti
divina tra le dee, rapidamente: e lui andò dietro le orme
della dea. Giunsero alla cava spelonca la dea e l’uomo,
e quindi lui si sedeva lì sul seggio da dove si era alzato
Ermes, la ninfa poi gli pose accanto cibo d’ogni sorta,
da mangiare e da bere, le cose che mangiano gli uomini
mortali: lei stessa si sedette di fronte al divino Odisseo,
poi le ancelle le portarono dinanzi ambrosia e nettare.
Quelli, poi, protesero le mani verso i cibi pronti e che erano
davanti, poi, dopo che si furono saziati di cibo e di bevanda,
tra loro cominciò il discorso Calipso, divina fra le dee: “O
divino figlio di Laerte, Odisseo dalle molte astuzie, così
dunque tu vorresti ora ritornare subito a casa nella cara
terra patria? Ebbene, che tu stia bene allora.
Ma se tu sapessi nel tuo cuore quanti patimenti (è) destino
per te sopportare, prima di ritornare nella terra patria,
subito, rimanendo qui con me, vorresti custodire questa
casa, e saresti immortale, pur desiderando di rivedere tua
moglie, a cui tu sempre ogni giorni pensi.
Eppure io, per certo, affermo di non essere inferiore a lei,
almeno per il corpo e per la presenza, poiché non conviene
neppure in un certo qual modo, che (le) mortali
gareggino con le immortali per il corpo per l’aspetto”.
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180-213 ANALISI FORMA BASE INFO
φάτο verb 3rd sg aor ind mid epic - εφατο φημί
μείδησεν verb 3rd sg aor ind act attic ionic unaugmented nu_movable μειδάω
θεάων, noun pl fem gen epic aeolic - θεων θεά
μιν pron 3rd sg mas acc epic ionic enclitic indeclform - ἀυτόν μιν
κατέρεξεν verb 3rd sg aor ind act nu_movable raw_sonant καταρρέζω
ἔφατ᾽ verb 3rd sg imperf ind mp φημί
ὀνόμαζεν: verb 3rd sg imperf ind act hom ionic unaug - ἐξενόμαζεν ὀνομάζω
ἐσσὶ verb 2nd sg pres ind act epic doric aeolic enclitic - εἶ εἰμί
εἰδώς, part sg perf act masc nom οἶδα (ἰδ)
ἐπεφράσθης verb 2nd sg aor ind pass ἐπιφράζω
ἀγορεῦσαι. verb aor inf act ἀγορεύω
ἴστω verb 3rd sg perf imperat act οἶδα (ἰδ)
γαῖα noun sg fem nom γαῖα - γῆ
κατειβόμενον part sg pres mp neut acc κατείβω
πέλει verb 3rd sg pres ind act πέλω
μακάρεσσι noun pl masc dat epic aeolic - μάκαρσι μάκαρ
θεοῖσι, noun pl masc dat epic ionic aeolic - θεοῖς θεός
μή conj indeclform μή
βουλευσέμεν verb fut inf act epic βουλεύω
νοέω verb 1st sg pres ind act epic doric ionic aeolic parad_form νοέω
φράσσομαι, verb 1st sg fut ind mid epic φράζω
ἅσσ᾽ pron pl neut acc epic indeclform - ἅτινα ὅστις
μηδοίμην, verb 1st sg pres opt mp μήδομαι
χρειὼ noun sg fem acc epic contr - χρεώ χρεώ
τόσον adj sg neut acc τόσος
ἵκοι: verb 3rd sg pres opt act ἱκνέομαι
νόος noun sg masc nom epic doric ionic - νοῦς νόος
ἐστὶν verb 3rd sg pres ind act enclitic nu_movable εἰμί
στήθεσσι noun pl neut dat epic στῆθος
φωνήσασ᾽ part sg aor act fem nom attic epic ionic φωνέω
ἡγήσατο verb 3rd sg aor ind mid ἡγέομαι
θεάων noun pl fem gen epic aeolic - θεων θεά
καρπαλίμως: adv καρπάλιμος
ὁ article sg masc nom proclitic indeclform - sta per αὺτός ὁ
βαῖνε verb 3rd sg imperf ind act homeric ionic unaugmented - ἒβαινε βαίνω
θεοῖο. noun sg masc gen epic - θεοῦ θεός
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ἷξον verb 3rd pl aor ind act ἵκω
σπεῖος noun sg neut acc epic - σπέος σπέος
γλαφυρὸν adj sg neut acc γλαφυρός
ῥ᾽ partic epic enclitic indeclform ἄρα
ὁ article sg masc nom proclitic indeclform - sta per αὺτός ὁ
καθέζετ᾽ verb 3rd sg imperf ind mid epic unaugmented καθέζομαι
ἀνέστη verb 3rd sg aor ind act ἀνίστημι
Ἑρμείας, noun sg masch nom epic - Ἐρμῆ Ἑρμείας
ἐτίθει verb 3rd sg imperf ind act τίθημι
ἔσθειν verb pres inf act attic epic contr ἐσθίω
πίνειν, verb pres inf act attic epic contr πίνω
οἷα adj pl neut acc οἷος
ἔδουσιν: verb 3rd pl pres ind act attic epic doric ionic nu_movable ἔδω
ἷζεν verb 3rd sg imperf ind act nu_movable pres_redupl ἵζω
Ὀδυσσῆος noun sg masc gen epic ionic - Ὀδυσσέως Ὀδυσσεύς
θείοιο, adj sg masc gen epic - θεοῦ θεῖος
ἔθηκαν. verb 3rd pl aor ind act τίθημι
οἱ pron pl masc nom - ἀυτοῖ ἀυτός
ὀνείαθ᾽ noun pl neut acc - ὀνείατα ὄνειαρ
προκείμενα part pl pres mp neut acc πρόκειμαι
ἴαλλον. verb 3rd pl imperf ind act ἰάλλω
ἠδὲ conj indeclform - καῖ ἠδέ
τάρπησαν verb 3rd pl aor ind pass homeric ionic unaugmented τέρπω
τοῖς pron pl masc dat - ἀυτοῖς ἀυτός
ἦρχε verb 3rd sg imperf ind act attic epic ionic ἄρχω
θεάων:‘ noun pl fem gen epic aeolic - θεων θεά
οἶκονδε adv indeclform - είς οἶκον οἶκόνδε
ἐς prep proclitic indeclform - εἰς εἰς
γαῖαν noun sg fem acc attic epic doric ionic aeolic - γῆν γαῖα
ἐθέλεις verb 2nd sg pres ind act ἐθέλω
ἰέναι; verb pres inf act εἶμι
χαῖρε verb 2nd sg pres imperat act χαίρω
ἔμπης. adv epic indeclform - ἔμπας ἔμπας
εἰδείης verb 2nd sg perf opt act οἶδα
σῇσι adj pl fem dat epic ionic - σαῖς σός
τοι partic enclitic indeclform τοι
κήδε᾽ noun pl neut acc epic ionic - κήδη κῆδος
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ἀναπλῆσαι, verb aor inf act ἀναπλέω
γαῖαν noun sg fem acc attic epic doric ionic aeolic - γήν γαῖα
ἱκέσθαι, verb aor inf mid ἱκνέομαι
κ᾽ partic epic enclitic indeclform - ἄν ἄν
μένων part sg pres act masc nom μένω
φυλάσσοις verb 2nd sg pres opt act φυλάσσω
εἴης, verb 2nd sg pres opt act εἰμί
ἱμειρόμενός part sg pres mp masc nom ἱμείρω
ἰδέσθαι verb aor inf mid εἶδον
τῆς article sg fem gen attic epic ionic indeclform - ἦς ὁ
αἰὲν adv poetic indeclform - ἀεί ἀεί
ἐέλδεαι verb 2nd sg pres ind mp epic ionic - ἔλδει ο ἔλδῃ ἔλδομαι
εὔχομαι verb 1st sg pres ind mp εὔχομαι
εἶναι, verb pres inf act εἰμί
ἔοικεν verb 3rd sg perf ind act nu_movable attic_redupl ἔοικα
ἀθανάτῃσι adj pl fem dat epic ionic poetic - ἀθανάταις ἀθάνατος
ἐρίζειν.’ verb pres inf act attic epic contr ἐρίζω
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OD. E - ANALISI E TRADUZIONE
VV. 214-240
τὴν δ᾽ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς:
215 ‘πότνα θεά, μή μοι τόδε χώεο: οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς
πάντα μάλ᾽, οὕνεκα σεῖο περίφρων Πηνελόπεια
εἶδος ἀκιδνοτέρη μέγεθός τ᾽ εἰσάντα ἰδέσθαι:
ἡ μὲν γὰρ βροτός ἐστι, σὺ δ᾽ ἀθάνατος καὶ ἀγήρως.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ὣς ἐθέλω καὶ ἐέλδομαι ἤματα πάντα
220 οἴκαδέ τ᾽ ἐλθέμεναι καὶ νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι.
εἰ δ᾽ αὖ τις ῥαίῃσι θεῶν ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ,
τλήσομαι ἐν στήθεσσιν ἔχων ταλαπενθέα θυμόν:
ἤδη γὰρ μάλα πολλὰ πάθον καὶ πολλὰ μόγησα
κύμασι καὶ πολέμῳ: μετὰ καὶ τόδε τοῖσι γενέσθω.’
225 ὣς ἔφατ᾽, ἠέλιος δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἔδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθεν:
ἐλθόντες δ᾽ ἄρα τώ γε μυχῷ σπείους γλαφυροῖο
τερπέσθην φιλότητι, παρ᾽ ἀλλήλοισι μένοντες.
ἦμος δ᾽ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,
αὐτίχ᾽ ὁ μὲν χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε ἕννυτ᾽ Ὀδυσσεύς,
230 αὐτὴ δ᾽ ἀργύφεον φᾶρος μέγα ἕννυτο νύμφη,
λεπτὸν καὶ χαρίεν, περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετ᾽ ἰξυῖ
καλὴν χρυσείην, κεφαλῇ δ᾽ ἐφύπερθε καλύπτρην.
καὶ τότ᾽ Ὀδυσσῆι μεγαλήτορι μήδετο πομπήν:
δῶκέν οἱ πέλεκυν μέγαν, ἄρμενον ἐν παλάμῃσι,
235 χάλκεον, ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἀκαχμένον: αὐτὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ
στειλειὸν περικαλλὲς ἐλάινον, εὖ ἐναρηρός:
δῶκε δ᾽ ἔπειτα σκέπαρνον ἐύξοον: ἦρχε δ᾽ ὁδοῖο
νήσου ἐπ᾽ ἐσχατιῆς, ὅθι δένδρεα μακρὰ πεφύκει,
κλήθρη τ᾽ αἴγειρός τ᾽, ἐλάτη τ᾽ ἦν οὐρανομήκης,
240 αὖα πάλαι, περίκηλα, τά οἱ πλώοιεν ἐλαφρῶς.
E a lei rispondendo disse il molto accorto Odisseo:
“O dea signora, non sdegnarti per questo con me: anche io
stesso so bene tutte (queste) cose, che la saggia Penelope
a guardarla è inferiore a te per aspetto e maestà,
giacché mentre lei infatti è mortale, tu sei invece immortale
ed immune da vecchiaia.
Ma anche così, voglio e spero ogni giorno di giungere a
casa e il vedere il giorno del ritorno. Se poi però uno degli
dei mi facesse naufragare nel mare color del vino,
sopporterò, avendo un animo paziente nel petto: infatti,
già soffrii moltissimi (patimenti) e sostenni molti (travagli)
tra le onde e in guerra: tra quei mali vi sia anche questo”.
Così disse, e frattanto il sole s’immerse e l’oscurità
sopraggiunse: e dunque invero entrambi, essendo andati
nella parte più interna della cava spelonca, godevano
dell’amore, stando vicini l’uno all’altro.
Ma quando la mattiniera Aurora dalle dita di rosa apparve,
subito egli da una parte, Odisseo, indossò un mantello e
una tunica, dall'altra lei, la ninfa, indossò una gran peplo
candido, delicato e grazioso, e attorno al fianco si cinse una
cintura bella d’oro, e sopra la testa un velo.
E allora preparava il ritorno per Odisseo dal gran cuore:
diede a lui una grande scure, ben adatta alle mani,
di bronzo, affilata da entrambe le parti: e un manico assai
bello di legno d’ulivo, ben piantato in questa:
e poi (gli) diede un’ascia ben levigata: e (lo) guidava sulla
via verso l’estremità dell’isola, dove erano cresciuti alberi
alti, vi era l’ontano, e il pioppo e l’abete che tocca il cielo,
secchi da tanto tempo, ben stagionati, i quali per lui
avrebbero potuto galleggiare leggermente.
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OD. E - ANALISI E TRADUZIONE
214-240 ANALISI FORMA BASE INFO
ἀπαμειβόμενος part sg pres mp masc nom ἀπαμείβομαι
προσέφη verb 3rd sg imperf ind act πρόσφημι
πότνα noun sg fem voc doric aeolic - πότνια πότνα
χώεο: verb 2nd sg pres imperat mp epic doric ionic aeolic - χώου χώομαι
οἶδα verb 1st sg perf ind act - ὄτι οἶδα
οὕνεκα conj indeclform οὕνεκα
σεῖο pron 2nd sg gen epic indeclform - σοῦ σύ
εἰσάντα adv indeclform εἰσάντα
ἰδέσθαι: verb aor inf mid ὁράω
ἡ article sg fem nom proclitic indeclform - sta per ἀυτή ὁ
ἐστι, verb 3rd sg pres ind act enclitic εἰμί
ἐθέλω verb 1st sg pres ind act ἐθέλω
ἐέλδομαι verb 1st sg pres ind mp epic ἔλδομαι
οἴκαδέ adv indeclform - εἰς οἰκίαν οἴκαδε
ἐλθέμεναι verb aor inf act epic ἔρχομαι
ἰδέσθαι. verb aor inf mid ὁράω
ῥαίῃσι verb 3rd sg pres subj act epic - ῥαίῃ ῥαίω
τλήσομαι verb 1st sg fut ind mid τλάω
ἔχων part sg pres act masc nom ἔχω
ταλαπενθέα adj pl neut acc epic ionic ταλαπενθής
πάθον verb 1st sg aor ind act homeric ionic unaugmented - ἔπαθον πάσχω
μόγησα verb 1st sg aor ind act homeric ionic unaugmented μογέω
τοῖσι article pl masc dat epic ionic aeolic indeclform - τοῖς ὁ
γενέσθω.’ verb 3rd sg aor imperat mid γίγνομαι
ἔφατ᾽, verb 3rd sg aor ind mp φημί
ἠέλιος noun sg masc nom epic - ἥλιος ἥλιος
ἔδυ verb 3rd sg aor ind act δύω
ἦλθεν: verb 3rd sg aor ind act nu_movable late ἔρχομαι
ἐλθόντες part pl aor act masc nom ἔρχομαι
σπείους noun sg neut gen attic epic doric contr - σπέους σπέος
γλαφυροῖο adj sg neut gen epic - γλαφυροῦ γλαφυρός
τερπέσθην verb 3rd dual imperf ind mp homeric ionic unaugmented τέρπω
ἀλλήλοισι adj pl masc dat epic ionic aeolic - ἀλλήλοις ἀλλήλων
μένοντες. part pl pres act masc nom μένω
φάνη verb 3rd sg aor ind pass homeric ionic unaugmented φαίνω
Ἠώς, noun sg fem nom - Ἐώς Ἐώς
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OD. E - ANALISI E TRADUZIONE
αὐτίχ᾽ adv indeclform αὐτίκα
ὁ article sg masc nom proclitic indeclform - sta per αὺτός ὁ
ἕννυτ᾽ verb 3rd sg imperf ind mp homeric ionic unaugmented ἕννυμι
ἕννυτο verb 3rd sg imperf ind mp homeric ionic unaugmented ἕννυμι
βάλετ᾽ verb 3rd sg aor ind mid homeric ionic unaugmented βάλλω
χρυσείην, adj sg fem acc epic ionic - χρυσῆ χρύσεος
καλύπτρην. noun sg fem acc epic ionic - καλύπτραν καλύπτρα
Ὀδυσσῆι noun sg masc dat epic ionic Ὀδυσσεύς
μήδετο verb 3rd sg imperf ind mp epic ionic unaugmented μήδομαι
δῶκέν verb 3rd sg aor ind act hom ionic unaugm nu_movable - ἔδωκε δίδωμι
οἱ pron poss sg masc dat - αὐτῴ αὐτός
ἄρμενον part sg aor mid masc acc epic doric aeolic ἀραρίσκω
παλάμῃσι, noun pl fem dat epic ionic - παλάμαις παλάμη
χάλκεον adj sg neut acc epic - χαλκοῦν χάλκεος
ἀκαχμένον: adj sg neut acc rad. ἀκ-
ἐναρηρός: part sg perf act neut nom epic doric ionic aeolic attic_redupl ἐναραρίσκω
δῶκε verb 3rd sg aor ind act homeric ionic unaugm nu_mov - ἔδωκε δίδωμι
ἐύξοον adj sg neut acc epic - εὔξεστον εὔξοος
ἦρχε verb 3rd sg imperf ind act attic epic ionic ἄρχω
ὁδοῖο noun sg masc gen epic - ὁδοῦ ὁδός
ἐσχατιῆς, noun sg fem gen epic ionic - ἐσχατιᾶς ἐσχατιά
δένδρεα noun pl neut acc epic ionic - δένδρα δένδρον
πεφύκει, verb 3rd sg plup ind act attic epic contr unaugmented intrans φύω
κλήθρη noun sg fem nom epic ionic - κλήθρα κλήθρα
τά article pl neut acc indeclform - ἅ ὁ
οἱ pron poss sg masc dat - αὐτῴ αὐτός
πλώοιεν verb 3rd pl pres opt act epic ionic πλέω
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OD. E - ANALISI E TRADUZIONE
VV. 241-264
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ δεῖξ᾽, ὅθι δένδρεα μακρὰ πεφύκει,
ἡ μὲν ἔβη πρὸς δῶμα Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων,
αὐτὰρ ὁ τάμνετο δοῦρα: θοῶς δέ οἱ ἤνυτο ἔργον.
εἴκοσι δ᾽ ἔκβαλε πάντα, πελέκκησεν δ᾽ ἄρα χαλκῷ,
245 ξέσσε δ᾽ ἐπισταμένως καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν.
τόφρα δ᾽ ἔνεικε τέρετρα Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων:
τέτρηνεν δ᾽ ἄρα πάντα καὶ ἥρμοσεν ἀλλήλοισιν,
γόμφοισιν δ᾽ ἄρα τήν γε καὶ ἁρμονίῃσιν ἄρασσεν.
ὅσσον τίς τ᾽ ἔδαφος νηὸς τορνώσεται ἀνὴρ
250 φορτίδος εὐρείης, ἐὺ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων,
τόσσον ἔπ᾽ εὐρεῖαν σχεδίην ποιήσατ᾽ Ὀδυσσεύς.
ἴκρια δὲ στήσας, ἀραρὼν θαμέσι σταμίνεσσι,
ποίει: ἀτὰρ μακρῇσιν ἐπηγκενίδεσσι τελεύτα.
ἐν δ᾽ ἱστὸν ποίει καὶ ἐπίκριον ἄρμενον αὐτῷ:
255 πρὸς δ᾽ ἄρα πηδάλιον ποιήσατο, ὄφρ᾽ ἰθύνοι.
φράξε δέ μιν ῥίπεσσι διαμπερὲς οἰσυΐνῃσι
κύματος εἶλαρ ἔμεν: πολλὴν δ᾽ ἐπεχεύατο ὕλην.
τόφρα δὲ φάρε᾽ ἔνεικε Καλυψώ, δῖα θεάων,
ἱστία ποιήσασθαι: ὁ δ᾽ εὖ τεχνήσατο καὶ τά.
260 ἐν δ᾽ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ᾽ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ,
μοχλοῖσιν δ᾽ ἄρα τήν γε κατείρυσεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν.
τέτρατον ἦμαρ ἔην, καὶ τῷ τετέλεστο ἅπαντα:
τῷ δ᾽ ἄρα πέμπτῳ πέμπ᾽ ἀπὸ νήσου δῖα Καλυψώ,
εἵματά τ᾽ ἀμφιέσασα θυώδεα καὶ λούσασα.
Poi, dopo che, invero, ebbe indicato dove erano cresciuti gli
alberi alti, lei se ne tornò a casa, Calipso, divina fra le dee,
ma lui tagliava la legna: e, per lui, il lavoro procedeva
velocemente. E ne abbatté venti in tutto, e poi con la scure
li spaccò, quindi (li) spianò abilmente e (li) raddrizzò a
squadra. E, frattanto, Calipso, divina fra le dee, portò i
trivelli, e poi lui li perforò tutti e li connesse tra loro:
e quindi costruì quella (la zattera) con chiodi e caviglie.
Quanto grande appunto un uomo, che conosce bene l’arte
del falegname, farebbe rotondo il fondo di una larga nave
da carico, altrettanto larga Odisseo fece la zattera.
Poi, dopo aver collocato gli scalini, fissandoli con frequenti
puntelli, (continuava a) lavorare: poi compiva il lavoro con
lunghe tavole.
E poneva dentro l’albero e l’antenna congiunta ad esso: e,
in più, poi, si fece il timone affinché dirigesse (la zattera).
E rinforzò questa con giunchi di salice da ogni parte per
essere riparo contro i flutti: e vi mise dentro molte foglie.
E, frattanto, Calipso, divina fra le dee, (gli) portò pezze di
tela per farsi le vele: ed egli ben si preparò anche queste.
Poi fissò a questa le funi dell’antenna, le gomene e le scotte,
e poi con leve la trasse, invero, nel mare divino.
Era il quarto giorno, e tutte le cose erano state compiute in
questo (giorno): e, quindi, la divina Calipso, al quinto
(giorno) (lo) mandava via dall’isola, dopo averlo vestito di
abiti profumati e dopo averlo lavato.
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OD. E - ANALISI E TRADUZIONE
241-264 ANALISI FORMA BASE INFO
δεῖξ᾽ verb 3rd sg aor ind act homeric ionic unaugmented - ἔδειξε δείκνυμι
δένδρεα noun pl neut acc epic ionic - δένδρα δένδρον
πεφύκει, verb 3rd sg plup ind act attic epic contr unaugmented intrans φύω
ἔβη verb 3rd sg aor ind act βαίνω
θεάων noun pl fem gen epic aeolic - θεῶν θεά
ὁ article sg masc nom proclitic indeclform - sta per αὺτός ὁ
τάμνετο verb 3rd sg imperf ind mp homeric ionic unaugmented τέμνω
δοῦρα noun pl neut acc epic indeclform - δόρατα δόρυ
οἱ pron poss sg masc dat - αὐτῴ αὐτός
ἤνυτο verb 3rd sg imperf ind mid epic ἀνυμι
ἔκβαλε verb 3rd sg aor ind act homeric ionic unaugmented - ἐξέβαλε ἐκβάλλω
πελέκκησεν verb 3rd sg aor ind act attic ionic poetic unaugmented nu_mv πελεκάω
ξέσσε verb 3rd sg aor ind act epic unaugmented - ἔξεσε ξέω
ἴθυνεν verb 3rd sg aor ind act epic ionic nu_movable ἰθύνω
ἔνεικε verb 3rd sg aor ind act epic ionic unaugmented - ἤνεγκε φέρω
θεάων: noun pl fem gen epic aeolic - θεῶν θεά
τέτρηνεν verb 3rd sg aor ind act homeric ionic unaugmented nu_mv τετραίνω
ἥρμοσεν verb 3rd sg aor ind act attic epic ionic nu_movable ἁρμόζω
ἀλλήλοισιν, adj pl neut dat epic ionic aeolic nu_movable - ἀλλήλοῖς ἀλλήλων
γόμφοισιν noun pl masc dat epic ionic aeolic nu_movable - γόμφοις γόμφος
τήν pron poss sg fem acc - αὐτήν αὐτός
ἁρμονίῃσιν noun pl fem dat epic ionic nu_movable - ἁρμονίαις ἁρμονία
ἄρασσεν verb 3rd sg imperf ind act doric aeolic nu_movable - ἤρασσεν ἀράσσω
νηὸς noun sg fem gen epic indeclform - νεώς ναῦς
τορνώσεται verb 3rd sg aor subj mp epic (voc. di congiungimento breve) τορνόομαι
εὐρείης adj sg fem gen attic epic ionic - εὐρείας εὐρύς
εἰδὼς part sg perf act masc nom οἶδα
τεκτοσυνάων noun pl fem gen epic aeolic - τεκτοσυνῶν τεκτοσύνη
ἔπ᾽ prep indeclform - posposto a τόσσον, anastrofe e ritr. accento ἐπί
σχεδίην noun sg fem acc epic ionic - σχεδίαν σχεδία
ποιήσατ᾽ verb 3rd sg aor ind mid homeric ionic unaugment. -ἐποιήσατο ποιέω
στήσας part sg aor act masc nom attic epic ionic ἵστημι
ἀραρὼν part sg aor act masc nom ἀραρίσκω
θαμέσι adj pl masc dat θαμέες
σταμίνεσσι, noun pl masc dat epic aeolic σταμίνες
ποίει verb 3rd sg imperf ind act attic epic contr unaugm. - ἐποὶει ποιέω
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OD. E - ANALISI E TRADUZIONE
μακρῇσιν adj pl fem dat epic ionic nu_movable - μακραῖς μακρός
ἐπηγκενίδεσσι noun pl fem dat epic aeolic ἐπηγκενίδες
τελεύτα. verb 3rd sg imperf ind act homeric ionic contr unaugmented τελευτάω
ποίει + ἐν verb 3rd sg imperf ind act attic epic contr unaugmented ἐμποιέω
ἄρμενον part sg aor mid masc acc epic doric aeolic ἀραρίσκω
ποιήσατο verb 3rd sg aor ind mid homeric ionic unaugm - ἐποιήσατο ποιέω
ἰθύνοι. verb 3rd sg pres opt act epic ionic ἰθύνω
φράξε verb 3rd sg aor ind act homeric ionic unaugmented - ἔφραξε φράσσω
μιν pron 3rd sg fem acc epic ionic enclitic indecl. - sta per αὐτήν μιν - αὐτός
ῥίπεσσι noun pl fem dat epic aeolic ῥίψ
οἰσυΐνῃσι adj pl fem dat epic ionic - οἰσύναις οἰσύινος
ἔμεν verb pres inf act poetic enclitic - εἴναι εἰμί
ἐπεχεύατο verb 3rd sg aor ind mid epic ἐπιχέω
φάρε᾽ noun pl neut acc epic ionic - φάρη φᾶρος
ἔνεικε verb 3rd sg aor ind act epic ionic unaugmented - ἤνεγκε φέρω
θεάων noun pl fem gen epic aeolic - θεῶν θεά
ποιήσασθαι verb aor inf mid ποιέω
ὁ article sg masc nom proclitic indeclform - sta per αὺτός ὁ
τεχνήσατο verb 3rd sg aor ind mp attic ionic unaugmented τεχνάομαι
ἐνέδησεν verb 3rd sg aor ind act nu_movable ἐνδέω
μοχλοῖσιν noun pl masc dat epic ionic aeolic nu_movable - μοχλοῖς μοχλός
κατείρυσεν verb 3rd sg aor ind act epic ionic nu_movable κατειρύω
ἔην verb 3rd sg imperf ind act epic - ἦν εἰμί
τετέλεστο verb 3rd sg plup ind mp homeric ionic unaugmented τελέω
πέμπ᾽ verb 3rd sg imperf ind act homeric ionic unaugm - ἔπεμπε πέμπω
ἀμφιέσασα part sg aor act fem nom attic epic ionic ἀμφιάζω
θυώδεα adj pl neut acc epic ionic θυώδης
λούσασα. part sg aor act fem nom attic epic ionic λούω
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