Albert Robida, Leaving the Opera in Year 2000 (La Sortie de l’Opéra en l’An 2000), 1882
Gramazio & Kohler’s ballet of flying machines for their Vertical Village is actually rooted in a long tradition of science-fiction images of future
aerial urban life. This one by French illustrator Albert Robida represents fashionable society leaving the Paris opera at night after a show.
2016 world year record
Portugal: 4 consecutive days fully powered by renewable energies
National Geographic: ENERGY
Portugal Ditched Fossil Fuel Power for 4
Days. Can We Go Longer?
Achieving a big scale-up of renewable
energy will take more than building wind
and solar power plants.
May 27, 2016
The Guardian
Portugal runs for four days straight on
renewable energy alone
Zero emission milestone reached as
country is powered by just wind, solar and
hydro-generated electricity for 107 hours
May 18, 2016
24-11-2017 4
Case study 1: The INESC TEC & THE INOVCITY PROJECT
Smart Meters
Concentrators At MV/LV substations
Large scale integration of microgeneration Units, like PV and
micro-wind generators +
Response from consumers
Installation of 35 thousand smart meters in Évora, together with the deployment of an
advanced monitoring, management and control architecture of the electrical distribution grid.
The definition of the reference model and
specifications was assigned to a Portuguese R&D Lab – INESC TEC.
This involved dealing with smat meters,
distribution transform concentrators, communication solutions, management and
control.
24-11-2017 5
Case study 2: ADMS/ EMS FOR EFACEC, ENGINEERED BY INESC TEC
Incorporation of R&D and know-how on:
• Advanced functionalities for DMS/EMS, on top
of SCADAs, to manage large scale grid
integration of renewable power sources
• Intelligent systems for electrical networks
mobi.me agnostic and integrated platform for managing mobility in cities Mobility management platform for cities that connects all types of mobility devices in real time, allowing the management and operation of several shared and on-demand mobility services (vehicles, bicycles and motorbikes) in an integrated way with other services and with public transportation.
A coin for sustainability The real-time quantification of emissions saved, when moving from A-to-B, allows the creation of new business models based on transactions on saved emissions credits.
+400.000 users around the world
Conected and mobility Devices Mobility services for diferent operators Urban logistics Traffic Transport on demand Fleets Public transports Parking EV charging
INTEGRATION Smart Services CONNECTIVITY
Smart Products
10 countries
Sustainability New business models
70 cities
Case study 5: Seamless integration of networked autonomous platforms for ocean monitoring and
surveillance
SPACEBORNE
CONSTELLATION
AIRBORNE
CONSTELLATION
SEABORNE
CONSTELLATION
INTELLIGENCE
CENTER
AIR center Knoweledge for the
Atlantic
bringing together: • R&D Centres • Intermediaries • Companies • Public institutions
INTEGRATING KNOWLEDGE FROM DEEP SEA TO SPACE
SOUTH-NORTH / NORTH-SOUTH ATLANTIC RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE
1. AIR Center 2. “Porcupine” EMSO Marine
Observatory (UK)
3. Galway Bay EMSO Marine Observatory (IR)
4. Kiruna ESA Station (SW)
5. Molene Isl. EMSO Marine Observatory (FR)
6. Villafranca ESA Station (ES)
7. Cadiz Gulf EMSO Obs. (PT)
8. Cape Verde (CV)
9. Deep-Ocean FixO3 Observatory (UK/US/AN)
10. South Atlantic FixO3 Observatory (UK)
11. Alcântara Launch Center, (BR)
12. Kourou ESA Station, French Guiana (FR)
13. Bay of Fundy Observatory, (CA)
1
7
11
AIR Center
12
13
2
4
9
3
5
6
10
8
TECHNOLOGY
MARKET Existing New
Existing
New Increasing
uncertainty
evolutionary leverage base
radical discontinuity
Source: Branscomb,Morse & Roberts (2001): www.atp.nist.gov/eao/gcr_787.pdf
Patterns of technical change
Nathan Rosenberg (2001):
“uncertainty in the realms of both science and technology ... have enormously important consequences and a main concern is how organisations and incentives migth be modified to accommodate these uncertainties.” Source: OECD(2001), “Social Sciences and Innovation”
Chris Freeman (2001):
“There is an irreducible uncertainty about future political, economic and market developments ....,technological innovations may actually increase it, since they add to the dimensions of general business uncertainty, the dimension of technological uncertainty.” Source: SPRU (2001)
...uncertainty: which impact?
In a context of increased uncertainty and accelerated rate of technological change, for which knowledge and innovation
are critical factors for social and economical development, the role of the science and advanced education may be
enhanced, but requires to be adapted!
The scope:... the globalized “learning society”!
Knowledge Institutions Learning Organisations
Intellectual Property Learning Networks
Source: Conceição, Lundvall and Heitor (2002)
F r a m e w o r k c o n d i t i o n s S u p p o r t s c h e m e s
E d u c a t i o n p o l i c y
L a b o u r m a r k e t p o l i c y
S p e c i f i c r e g u l a t i o n s ( e . g . I P R s )
R e g i o n a l a n d u r b a n p l a n n i n g p o l i c i e s
P u b l i c p r o c u r e m e n t
F i n a n c i a l p o l i c i e s
C o m p e t i t i o n p o l i c y
P r o m o t i o n o f r e s e a r c h e r s ' m o b i l i t y ( e . g . T C S i n t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m )
T h e m a t i c r e s e a r c h n e t w o r k s ( e . g . R N R T i n F r a n c e )
F i n a n c i a l i n c e n t i v e s t o c o - o p e r a t i v e r e s e a r c h ( e . g . F r a m e w o r k P r o g r a m m e i n t h e E U )
P u b l i c l y f u n d e d i n t e r m e d i a r i e s ( e . g . F r a u n h o f e r i n G e r m a n y )
P u b l i c s e e d c a p i t a l f u n d s ( e . g . I - S o u r c e i n F r a n c e )
G o v e r n m e n t p o l i c y
i n c u b a t o r s ,
s c i e n c e p a r k s ,
c l u s t e r s ,
i n t e r m e d i a r i e s
C o n f e r e n c e s , e x p o s & s p e c i a l i s e d m e d i a
I n f o r m a l c o n t a c t s w i t h i n p r o f e s s i o n a l n e t w o r k s
F l o w o f g r a d u a t e s t o i n d u s t r y
C o - p u b l i c a t i o n s
M o b i l i t y o f r e s e a r c h e r s
J o i n t l a b s
S p i n - o f f s
L i c e n s i n g
R e s e a r c h c o n t r a c t s C o - o p e r a t i v e R e s e a r c h C e n t r e s ( e . g . C R C s i n A u s t r a l i a )
Formal mechanisms for Industry-Science Relationships: the tip of an iceberg
The argument (as inspired on P. Conceição, Singapore, Sept 2017; UNDP):
…recognizing that technology does not determine our future, it is in our hands to invest in science, technology and innovation, in all countries in the world and shape the policies and institutions that can harness technology for development.
24-11-2017 15
Implications: The investment in HR and the engagement in “knowledge as our common future” cannot wait everywhere, it is not something that we can do in developing countries only after other, more urgent, priorities have been taken care off.
Background: Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA, 2015): the explicit recognition that technology, as much as finance, is essential to meet the universal 2030 SDG Agenda.
A key illustration crucial to meeting SDGs : the transition towards renewable energy will depend on further advances in wind, solar, and battery technologies.
Science, Vol 342, Novembro 2013 (source: Wedeen et al, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Mass General Hospital, Boston, Mass, USA)
Connection, Connection, Connection…
Science, its impact and the presence of innovation, result from a cumulative, long-term, collective and uncertainty process, involving an
extensive divison of labour, which requires massifying the training of human resources and
qualifying the labour force in many economic sectors, in a way that depends on the structure
of the economy
The hypothesis for policy action:
Public Policy is critical: but, is there room for a common vision of the future of S&I?
Which myths?
How can we effectively help debunking these myths and guarantee better policies?
Public vs Private R&D vs Innovation Higher Educ vs Vocational Training
…we live on times of increasing socialization of risks and the privatization of rewards
The multidimensions of S&T and the social construction of science policy
Scientific employment
internationalize
Diversify institutions, strengthening diversified missions
More “intermediaries”: collaborative Labs,
strengthening networks
More employment
More scientific culture More public participation
Open Innovation and competence building: With increasingly diversified skills, institutions and incentives
Chain Linked Model of
Innovation
Kline & Rosenberg
Technology platforms
Potential
Markets
Invention/
analytical design
Detailed design
& Test
Re-design
& Production
Distribution
& market
Knowledge
Research
Research Agendas
Thematic Mobilization Programmes
Networks of Scientific Organizations
Knowledge diffusion,
with Intermediaries:
Collaborative Laboratories...
Post-Grad Training
Individual Mobility
NTBF´s
22
100 % applied research/ product
100 % basic reserach
100
% p
ub
lic f
un
din
g
100
% P
riva
te f
un
din
g
Associated Laboratories
State Laboratories
Universities and Polytechnics
Business firms
CoLABs
CoLAB‘s positioning in Innovation System
23
100 % applied research/ product
100 % basic reserach
100
% p
ub
lic f
un
din
g
100
% P
riva
te f
un
din
g
Max-Planck
Leibniz
Helmholtz
Universities
Fraunhofer
Economy
Basic funding
Publicly funded
Industry
Example: Germany
A comparative analysis: Germany as an orientation for the potential positioning of the CoLABs)
The TARGET: GERD/GDP - towards European convergence (source: OCDE)
Achieve a level of overall R&D investment of 3% of GDP by 2030, with a relative share of 1/3 public and 2/3 business expenditure, corresponding to achieve an overall R&D investment of 1.8% of GDP by 2020 (1.3% in 2016)
Any knowledge is necessarily personal and social…
“indwelling” : …learn by experiencing? Polanyi (1966, 1969)
A new culture of learning? …Becoming!
People learn how to embrace change, collaboratively, through knowing, making and playing
Thomas and Brown (2010, 2011)
25
Francisco Díaz Carreño, 1890 “Posición probable del globo antes del diluvio”
Museo del Prado
Why Science and Innovation?
The future requires addressing two key emerging issues everywhere:
• EXTERNAL – multilateral: – Multiply global R&D and HE networks
– Develop international R&D organisations and programmes
– Promote the international debate for new research agendas
• INTERNAL: – Better understanding of “policy mix”:
• Exploration and exploitation
• Extended BERD across small, medium and large companies
• The key role of local productive arrangements for global markets
– Invent jointly new economic drivers
– Diversify and combine funding sources
but, is there room for a common vision of the future of S&I?
The city and the campus as “learning environments”?
The higher education campus plays a central role in the cultural, economic and social development of the city.
Source: Britt, (200&) Partial map of the Internet based on the January 15, 2005 data. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg
But, always in International exchanges…
The new paradigms for knowledge-based societies require human-
centered policies, together with the collective action of institutions and a
system approach to research and higher education, through complex relational frameworks: institutional, spatial and
international/global
Innovation must be considered a collective and cumulative process