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Aids to Reading and Interpretation
Aids to Reading and Interpretation
GROUP I
A. Footnotes and Bibliography
Wina Maruyanti (201212500628)
B. Tables
C. Line Graphs
Nenti Apriliyanti (201212500678)
D. Circle Graphs
E. Bar Graphs
Afriyani (201212500623)
A. Footnotes and BibliographyA. Footnotes and Bibliography
A footnote refers the reader to the exact source of some statement or
idea, or occasionally adds information.
A bibliography is an alphabetical list of sources used or referred to
in a professional article or book, or that deal with the same subject.
Meaning
Smith, Mary Parsons.1963. “A Favorite Pastime in Xanadu: Birdwatching,”The New York Daily Tmes,
April 1, pp.1,22.
EXAMPLE
Footnotes
Bibliography
Notes
1.Knapp (1977), p.27.Knapp seems here that kale is an important source of Vitamin A. For a contrary view, see Tuzo and Caron, p 78. I agre with the latter’s agrument that kale has never been significant part of the Xanadu diet 2. Ibid.3.Knapp (1972), p.884.Shaw, p.1505.Knapp op.cit.p. 192.
ExampleExample1. R. Poirer, "Learning physics."( Academic,New York, 1993),p.42. Ibid., p.93. T. Eliot, "Astrophysics",(springer,Berlin,1989),p.1414. "Xanadu,"1972.International Encyclopedia,XXIV.5. Eliot.op.cit.,p.148
What is the title of the reference footnote no 5?
Answer :
Astrophysics
1. R. Poirer, "Learning physics."( Academic,New York, 1993),p.42. Ibid., p.93. T. Eliot, "Astrophysics",(springer,Berlin,1989),p.1414. "Xanadu,"1972.International Encyclopedia,XXIV.5. Eliot.op.cit.,p.148
What is the title of the reference footnote no 5?
Answer :
Astrophysics
ExerciseExercise1. R. Poirer, "Learning physics."( Academic,New York, 1993),p.42. Ibid., p.93. T. Eliot, "Astrophysics",(springer,Berlin,1989),p.1414. "Xanadu,"1972.International Encyclopedia,XXIV.5. Eliot.op.cit.,p.148
What is the title of the reference footnotes no 2?
Answer :
Learning physics
1. R. Poirer, "Learning physics."( Academic,New York, 1993),p.42. Ibid., p.93. T. Eliot, "Astrophysics",(springer,Berlin,1989),p.1414. "Xanadu,"1972.International Encyclopedia,XXIV.5. Eliot.op.cit.,p.148
What is the title of the reference footnotes no 2?
Answer :
Learning physics
B. TABLES
The table is a data set that is based on rows and columns. Tables display various kinds of informations in clear, compact columns. Tables are useful to get appropriate information.
How to read tables... Find the subject Always read the title Look at footnotes Look at the heading of each column and
notice the units used.
EXAMPLE GROWTH OF VEHICLES ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF YEAR 2008- 2012
Source: Office of the Indonesian National Police*) Since 2008 is not including East Timor
What information is shown in this table? Growth of vehicles according to the type of year
2008- 2012
Years Passenger cars
Bus Truck Motorcycle Total
2008 7,489,852 2,059,187 4,452,343 47,683,681 61,685,063
2009 7,910,407 2,160,973 4,452,343 52,767,093 67,336,644
2010 8,891,041 2,250,109 4,687,789 61,078,188 76,907,127
2011 9,548,866 2,254,406 4,958,738 68,839,341 85,601,351
2012 10,668,010 2,275,560 5,250,122 75,932,221 94,125,913
EXERCISE Value of Exports and Imports
Of members if The European Economic Community
1.What information is shown in this table?
Value of Exports and Imports of members if The European Economic Community.
2. Which country exported more than imported?
Country exported more than imported is West Germany
COUNTRY EXPORTS (In billion dollars)
IMPORTS (In billion dollars)
Belgium-Luxembourg 37.46 40.14
Denmark 10.12 13.24
France 63.56 70.50
Ireland 4.40 5.38
Italy 36.97 43.43
Netherlands 43.70 45.62
United Kingdom 57.55 63.68
West Germany 117.90 100.67
Total 371.66 382.67
LINE GRAPHLINE GRAPH
A line graph is a picture of the dynamics of existing data (can go up, down, or up and down). A line graph is most useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time.
A line graph is a picture of the dynamics of existing data (can go up, down, or up and down). A line graph is most useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time.
EXAMPLEEXAMPLE
A Survey of 100 people of their favorite colors
1. How many colors in the table above? There are six colors2. How many people who likes blue color? 30 people
D.CIRCLE GRAPHS
Circle graphs show how the whole is broken up into recognizable parts the complete circle of couse,equals 100 percent and the divided sections represents parts of whole. You should first determine the subject of the whole.
Releted terms of circle graphsA. Sector B. GraphC. CircleD. Data
EXAMPLE OF CIRCLE GRAPHS
In the example shown below, the circle graph shows people who like different fruit. Each sector in the circle graph represents the percentage of people liking the respective people who like different fruit.
EXERCISE
Find out the angle covered by a,b and c in the circle graph choices:
a.360°b.162°c.36°d.108°
E. BAR GRAPHS
Bar graphs are usually rectangular shapes that either show the parts of a whole or compare the relative amounts of materials or objects. Like circle graphs, bar graphs provide a visual means of expressing this relationship.
Bar graphs also have similarities to line
graphs except that bars are used instead of dots and lines.
EXAMPLE
Survey of 145 people of their favorite fruit
For that group of people blueberries are mostpopuler and grapes are the least populer.
EXERCISE FAVORITE COLOR
Question : The bar graph shos the favorite color od 20 students in a class how many more of them favored orange than those
who favored green?Answer : 5 students