20 14-15 2562
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Available online at www.tsae.asia
Research on a Self-Propelled High Clearance Vehicle for Cassava Weeding
1*, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
Wichai Opanukul1*,Prasat Sangpunta1, Arnon Saicomfu1, Tanapong SanJum1, Dani Salatonpitic1, Bantip Tongdang1
1 , 10900 1Agricultureal Engineering Research Insttute, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
*Wichai Opanukul: Tel: +66-2-579-4497, Fax: +66-2-579-4497, E-mail: [email protected]
. . 2560 ( )
(1)
24 hp (2) 4 (3) 50 kg (4) 4 (5)
80, 100, 110, 120 150 cm (6) 120 cm (7) ( x x ) 230x300x230 cm (8) 450 kg
(9) 300,000
30 % 300 rai-1
3-4 rai h-1 30 rai day-1 80-90% 1.3-1.5 l rai-1 1-2
1
: , ,
Abstract Thailand is getting closer to ban the herbicides usage (paraquat, glyphosate and chloropyrifos) in 2017.
Agricultural engineering research institute invented a self-propelled high clearance vehicle to add fertilizer and
eliminate weeds in cassava farming. The vehicle was operated as follow: 1) sowing fertilizer to add nutrient, 2)
plowing soil to eliminated weeds and 3) scooping soil to bury fertilizer. The specifications of vehicle were 1)
engine power 24 hp 2), 4 wheel drive 3), fertilizer hopper (capacity: 50 kg), 4) 4 disc harrow and 5) adjusted-wheel
base (80, 100, 110, 120 and 150 cm). The dimension, ground clearance, weight and price of vehicle were
230x300x230 cm, 120 cm, 450 kg and 300,000 THB, respectively. The vehicle was tested in cassava farm in
Ratchaburi and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces. The results showed that effective field capacity, fuel consumption,
number of operators and efficiency of eliminating weeds were 3-4 rai h-1 (30 rai day-1), 1.3-1.5 l rai-1, 1-2 men and
80-90%, respectively. The cost to eliminate weeds using the invented vehicle was decreased around 30%
comparing to the traditional method (300 THB rai-1). The break-even point was 1 year.
Keywords: Weed, Herbicide, Cassava
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การประชุมวิชาการสมาคมวิศวกรรมเกษตรแหงประเทศไทย ระดับชาติ ครั้งท่ี 20 วันท่ี 14-15 มีนาคม 2562
4 สรุป จากผลการทดลองช้ีใหเห็นวา ตะกอนจากบอปลาท่ีเลี้ยงใน
ระบบน้ําหมุนเวียนสามารถนํามาใชเปนปุยสําหรับการปลูกพืชแบบไรดินได พบวา สัดสวนตะกอนตอน้ํา 1:5 (โดยปริมาตร) จะใหผลผลิตพืชสูงที่สุด ซึ่งการงดเติมอากาศในการปลูกพืชแบบไรดินสามารถเพิ่มผลผลิตไดประมาณ 2.8 เทาของการปลูกแบบเติมอากาศ ผลการประเมินทางเศรษฐศาสตร พบวา การใชสัดสวนตะกอนจากบอปลาตอน้ํา 1:5 โดยไมเติมอากาศ สําหรับการปลูกผักกาดหอม กอใหเกิดรายไดมากที่สุด จึงเปนทางเลือกในการสรางมูลคาใหกับของเสียท่ีเกิดจากการเลี้ยงปลาในระบบนํ้าหมุนเวียน เพราะนอกจากจะชวยลดคาใชจายในการดําเนินงานไดแลว ยังชวยลดผลกระทบดานสิ่งแวดลอมจากตะกอนท่ีเกิดขึ้นหลังการเพาะเลี้ยงสัตวน้ําอีกดวย
5 กิตติกรรมประกาศ ผูวิจัยขอขอบคุณสํานักงานคณะกรรมการวิจัยแหงชาติที่ให
การสนับสนุนทุนวิจัย ปงบประมาณ 2560 ทําใหงานวิจัยนี้สําเร็จลุลวงไปดวยดี
6 เอกสารอางอิง APHA. 1980. Standard Methods for the examination of
water and wast water. American Pubic Health Association. 1015 fifteen street NW Washington. 15:1-1134.
Hanger, B. 1992. The Nutrient Solution and Its Preparation. Hydroponic for School and the Home Grower. Victoria: Natural Resources Conservation Leauge. p 22.
Hoagland, D.R. and Arnon, D.I. 1938. The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants without Soil. University of California. College of Agricultural Experiment Station. Circulation 347. Berkeley.
Jones, J.B. 2005. Hydroponics: A Practical Guide for the Soilless Grower. 2nd ed. CRC Press. Florida. 423 pp.
Morgan, L. 2014. Maintaining Healthy Hydroponic Root Systems. Available at: https://www.maximumyield.com/ maintaining-healthy-hydroponic-root-systems/2/1403. Accessed on 1 December 2018.
Parsons, T.R., Maita, Y., Lalli, C.M. 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis. Pergamon. Oxford. UK. 187 p.
Pollution Control Department. 2011. Guide to Assessment of Wast Water and Pollution from Aquaculture Activities. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment . Bangkok. 66 p. (in Thai)
Riablershirun, N. 2007. Soilless Culture. Suveeriyasarn. Bangkok. 172 p. (in Thai)
Tongaram, D. 2007. Soilless Culture. 3rd ed. Pimdeekarnpim. Bangkok. 816 p. (in Thai)
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1
2560
2
1
100,000 2560
8.9 30.4
52.0%
1.5 21.8%
16.7% 6.0% 3.5%
(Office of Agricultural Economics, 2016)
8-12
3
3-4
“ ”
1.5-2 4
3-4
(Field and Remewable Energy Tesearch Institute, 2013)
(1)
(Figure1)
(2) ( )
(Figure2)
(Jeamjamnanja et al., 1994)
(3)
(Figure3)
120 cm (4)
24 hp 70 cm
(Figure4) 3-4
80-100 cm
2560
Figure 1 Manula
Figure 2 Herbicide application
Figure 3 Walking tractor
Figure 4 Small hight clearance tractor
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2 2.1
2.2
( ) 2559
2560 2
2.3 (1) (rai h-1) (2)
(%) (3) (l rai-1)
RNAM (1995)
2.4
100
2
3 3.1
Field and
Remewable Energy Tesearch Institute (2013)
1. 1
1-4
80,
100, 110, 120 150 cm (Figure 5)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Figure 5 Conceptual design
3.2
3.2.1
18 in
(Figure 6)
4
8-16
Figure 6 Installation of components on the main frame
1.2 m
1.5 -2.4 m
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3.2.3
- 1,200
rpm (Table 1)
(Needle
Valve) 40-50 rpm
30-75 km rai-1
150 cm
30 o ( )
Table 1 The driving test on concrete road at 10 m
No. Travelling speed (km h-1) Stop position
Forward backword
1 1 1 correct
2 1.5 1.5 correct
3 1.5 1.5 correct
4 2 2 correct
5 2 2 correct
6 2 2 correct
3.2.4
(Figure 7)
2 km h-1
1,800 rpm
(Figure 8)
15 hp
Figure 7 Farmer’s practice of fertilization
Figure 8 The driving test on lawn
24 hp
72 2
38 cm 145 cm
2 4
2 km h-1 4
(Figure 9) 72 2.5
120 cm 33 cm
20
2 3 km h-1
4 km h-1
Figure 9 Wheel base adjustment
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Figure 10 The driving test in cassava field
4
1 11 rai-1
11 1 15 28 cm
140 cm 60%
(Figure 11) 2,200 rpm
50 kg rai-1 2, 3, 4, 5
km h-1 1.61-4.28 rai h-1
1.3-1.5 l rai-1 (Table 2)
10x10 cm 1 m-1 1
10 80-90 %
(Chansrakoo, W., Sangpunta, P.,
Chamsing, A., Chagongjug, S.,2015.)
2
11
122 cm 2 20 42 cm
75% 3 km h-1 (Figure 12)
92%
Figure 11 The width adjusting of disc harrow on furrow
Figure12 Weed removal by the invented machine
Table 2 The effective field capacity
Velocity
(km h-1)
Capacity (rai h-1) Average
(rai h-1) 1 2 3
2 1.61 1.97 1.84 1.80 0.18
3 2.71 2.47 2.54 2.67 0.18
4 3.42 3.16 3.28 3.28 0.13
5 4.06 4.22 4.28 4.18 0.11
12
. . 2561
(
) ( 1,100 rai-1)
1. 120 rai-1
2. 80 rai-1
3. 2 kg-1 50 kg rai-1
100 rai-1
4. 120+ 80+100+ 800
1,100 rai-1
:
50% (Wanapu, C. 2015.) 50 kg rai-1
1 800-1,600 800
800x0.5 400 rai-1
(800 rai-1 30%)
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+ +
1. 400 rai-1
2. 400 rai-1
3. 400+400 800 rai-1
30% 300 rai-1
300,000 5-10
( .) 7 21,000
(300,000+21,000) 321,000
400 rai-1 30 rai day-1
50 rai-1 350 rai-1
- 10 rai day-1 (10x350) 3,500
day-1 (321,000/3,500) 92
3
- 20 rai day-1 (20x350) 7,000
day-1 46
- 30 rai day-1 (30x350) 10,500
day-1 31
1
5
( x x ) 230x300x250 cm
24 hp 4 50 kg
30-75 kg rai-1
3-4 rai h-1
30 rai day-1 80-90%
1.3-1.5 l rai-1 450 kg 1-2
1
6
7 Chansrakoo, W., Sangpunta, P., Chamsing, A.,
Chagongjug, S., 2015. Research and Development of
Weeder and Fertilization Cassava for a Power Tiller.
Bangkok, Department of Agriculture . Available at:
http://www.doa.go.th/research/attachment.php?aid=20
85. Accessed on 18 March 2016. (in Thai)
Field and Remewable Energy Tesearch Institute.
2013 .Soil, water and cassava cultivation management.
Department of Agriculture. Available at: http://www.
doa.go.th. Accessed on 4 December 2017. (in Thai)
Jeamjamnanja et al. 1994. The control period of
weed in cassava. Journal of Weed 2(3), 144-147.
(in Thai)
Matichon Online. 2017. The 5 ministries offer
banning herbicide ‘paraquat-chloropyrifos’ Apr. 17.
Available at: https://www.matichon.co.th/local/news_
520571. Accessed on 15 April 2017. (in Thai)
Office of Agricultural Economics. 2017. Agricultural
Statistics of Thailand 2016. Bangkok, Misistry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives.
Wanapu, C. 2015. Controlled-release urea fertilizer
by biopolymeric encapsulstion, Suranaree University of
Technology, Available at: http://www.sutir.sut.ac.th
Accessed on 18 March 2016. (in Thai)
RNAM. 1995. RNAM Test Codes and Procedures for
Farm Machinery. RNAM, Philippines. pp.130-149.
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