AFRL-MN-EG-TP-2007-7411 DETONATION SHOCK RADIUS EXPERIMENTS (BRIEFING CHARTS) David E. Lambert Joshua Debes Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate AFRL/MNMW Eglin AFB, FL 32542-6810 D. Scott Stewart Sunhee Yoo Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 AUGUST 2007 CONFERENCE BRIEFING CHARTS These briefing charts were presented at the 15th Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, 23-29 June 2007, Kohala Coast, Hawai’i, and will be published by the American Physical Society. It will be published in the unclassified/unlimited distribution proceedings. One or more of the authors are U.S. Government employees working within the scope of their position; therefore, the U.S. Government is joint owner of the work. When published, the American Physical Society may assert copyright. If so, the U.S. Government has the rightto copy, distribute, and use the work by or on behalf of the U.S. Government. Any other form of use is subject to copyright restrictions. This paper is published in the interest of the scientific and technical information exchange. Publication of this paper does not constitute approval or disapproval of the ideas or findings.
AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY, MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE
Air Force Materiel Command United States Air Force Eglin Air Force Base
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Approval Confirmation #AAC/PA 06-19-07-459, dated 19 June 2007.
5(3257�'2&80(17$7,21�3$*( )RUP�$SSURYHG20%�1R�����������
����5(3257�'$7(��''�00�
Detonation Shock Radius ExperimentsDetonation Shock Radius ExperimentsJune 2007June 2007
DISTRIBUTION A. Public Release. Unlimited Distribution
2007 APS 2007 APS –– 1515thth Topical Conference Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Hawaion Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Hawai’’ii
David E. Lambert1, Joshua Debes1, D. Scott Stewart2, Sunhee Yoo21Air Force Research Laboratory,
Munitions Directorate, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, 32542, USA2Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
2
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
OutlineOutline
• Background– Detonation Shock Dynamics– Hot Spot Size and Initiation
• Characterization Experiments• Summary
AcknowledgementsEd Wild and Lt. Martin, AFRL/MNMF
Ken Jensen, Honeywell KCP
3
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
Detonation Shock Dynamics Detonation Shock Dynamics –– 11stst OrderOrder
• Relationship between local wave curvature and local normal detonation velocity
[ ]{ } 232)(1)(
xf
xf′+
′′=κ
)1( κvDD CJn −=
DCJ = steady state Chapman-Jouguet velocityν = empirical constant to curvature dataκ = mean curvature of the detonation wave
University of Illinois, Prof. Scott S. Stewart
Dn
κt
tκ
4
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
““PassoverPassover”” Validation ExperimentValidation Experiment• Single hemispherical wave transforms into a colliding toroidal structure• Exercises the DSD wavetracking, EOS, and rate law over a wide range
of detonation states• Assumptions were made on the initial shock radius, starting point of
the DSD wavefront
5
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
Clips from “Passover” Experiment Video
6
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
Comparison of “Passover” Experiment
DSD, DNS,and
Experiment
Classical Huygen’s
TimeTime--ofof--arrival record across the top surface of the chargearrival record across the top surface of the charge
7
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
DSDDSD--based Initiation Sizebased Initiation Size
•• Initiation curvature and radiusInitiation curvature and radius--growth to reach DSDgrowth to reach DSD--based based assumptions and comparison to Direct Numerical Simulationsassumptions and comparison to Direct Numerical Simulations
Data computed along a 45-deg. radius from the PIC
Acceptor, Acceptor, explosive chargeexplosive charge
PBXPBX--95019501
“Precision Initiation Coupler (PIC)”• Self-centering• 680mg of Composition A-5 (98.5%
RDX, 1.5% stearic acid)• Near-point initiation (0.052”)
8
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
SpotSpot--Size / Initiation RadiiSize / Initiation Radii
DETERMINATION OF THE LIGHTING RADIUS FOR DETONATION SHOCK DYNAMICS AND CRITICAL
IGNITION TRANSIENTS IN CONDENSED EXPLOSIVESD. Scott Stewart, Sunhee Yoo, and David E. Lambert –
2006 International Detonation Symposium
• Simulated Dn-R response for PBX-9501, initiated from various hot-spot radii, both spherical low pressure and high pressure.
9
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
Characterization Experiments
Objective: Characterize the initial shock profile transmitted from the composition A-5 loaded Precision Initiation Coupler to PBX-9501 explosive charges
Approach: “Cut-back Technique” Obtain detonation shock front time-of-arrival data on small, rectangular prisms of explosives
• Time-of-arrival, wave front contour is the key data• Streak camera and ultra-high speed digital imaging
– Cordin 132a with 100u slit-width, 12mm/us writing rate, TMAX-3200 film
– Imacon 200 Ultra-high speed framing camera at nominally 100-ns interframe time and 15ns duration
• PBX-9501 – initiated w/ RP-1 and A-5 PIC system. Needed initial radius for DSD
10
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
0.8”
ISCISC--44
0.4”
0.4”0.8”
ISCISC--55
0.4”
0.4” 0.2”0.8”
ISCISC--7 & ISC7 & ISC--88
0.6”
0.4”
Example Charge Configurations
11
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
Characterization Experiments
Entire SetupEntire Setup
Explosive Prism on MountExplosive Prism on MountAA--5 loaded PIC5 loaded PIC
12
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
Example Streak Film (PBX-9501)
CrossCross--SectionSection Static ImageStatic Image Dynamic ImageDynamic Image
slit location
Bre
akou
t on
side
Bre
akou
t on
top
PIC
bre
akou
t on
rear
, t=0
4545--deg mirror
deg mirror
4545--de
g mirr
or
deg m
irror
Time
13
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
PBX-9501 w/ RP-1/PIC InitiatorTi
me
Tim
e
centercenterleftleft rightright
leftleft centercenter rightright
• RP-1/PIC “Research” initiation system offset from charge centerline by 0.10-inch (2.54mm) towards the ‘left side’
• Response, lateral lobes, is a nearly ideal detonation
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Distance (mm)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
Tim
e (n
s)(t=
0 is
firs
t bre
akou
t on
cent
er fa
ce)
Cen
terli
ne o
f Ini
tiato
r
14
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
ISC-5 Comparison w/ DSD
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (mm)
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
Tim
e (n
s)(t=
0 is
PIC
/950
1 in
terfa
ce)
DSD Simulation
Experiment, ISC-5
Cent
erlin
e of
Initi
ator PICPIC
Side CSide B
0.1”0.8”
0.4”
x
y
z
SideSideBB
SideSideCC
Face Face AA
Side CSide CSide BSide BFace AFace A
0.05” spacing
PICPICoutputoutput
15
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
Symmetric and Offset Initiation
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (mm)
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
Tim
e (n
s)(t=
0 is
PIC
/950
1 in
terfa
ce)
Centerline, symmetric initiation
Offset by 0.10", asymmetric initiation
Cent
erlin
e of
Initi
ator
Cen
terli
ne o
f Ini
tiato
r
PICPICSide C
Side B
0.1”0.8”
0.4”
x
y
z
PICSide C
Side B
0.8”
0.4”
x
y
z
16
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
PBXN-9 – Non-Ideal Response (shot ISC-100)
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Distance (mm)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Tim
e (n
s)(t=
0 is
firs
t bre
akou
t on
cent
er fa
ce)
Cen
terli
ne o
f Ini
tiato
r
• PBXN-9 Explosive prism, 10-mm height (25mm x 25mm)• Delayed corner turning
centercenterleftleft rightright fiducialfiducial
17
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
Working Towards Diffraction and Working Towards Diffraction and Transient Detonation StatesTransient Detonation States
Dn-κ Curves for Nonideal EOS
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.0
1.1
1.2
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Acceleration ContoursHigher order theory
Dn
κ
Eric Ferm, LANL, DX Division
The extended theory leads to κ,, nn DD& relation
• Application to miniaturized detonators• Understanding initiation criteria• Diffraction of the detonation
and produces hyperbolic PDE’s
First order theoryCurrent DSD 2Dwavetracker
dDndt
= A(Dn ) − κ B(Dn )
18
Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate
SummarySummary
• Characterizing the initiation shock transfer, ‘Birth of the Wave’ is being used to validate the prior assumptions for DSD simulations
• Initial input radius created by the precision initiation coupler (PIC) is under study for analysis of these experiments
• Developing engineering prescriptions of initial shock radii using DSD-based simulations
– ‘Ideal’ PBX-9501 shows no corner-turning delay, ‘non-ideal’ PBXN-9 does show delays in the corner-turning
• Further analysis and extension on these experiments will be a part of transient detonation and shock profile measurements
1_REPORT_DATE_DDMMYYYY: XX-08-20072_REPORT_TYPE: CONFERENCE BRIEFING CHARTS3_DATES_COVERED_From__To: 4_TITLE_AND_SUBTITLE: DETONATION SHOCK RADIUS EXPERIMENTS (BRIEFING CHARTS)5a_CONTRACT_NUMBER: N/A5b_GRANT_NUMBER: 5c_PROGRAM_ELEMENT_NUMBER: 62602F5d_PROJECT_NUMBER: 25025e_TASK_NUMBER: 125f_WORK_UNIT_NUMBER: 306_AUTHORS: 1. David E. Lambert and Joshua Debes 2. D. Scott Stewart and Sunhee Yoo7_PERFORMING_ORGANIZATION: 1. Air Force Research Laboratory 2. Dept. of Mechanical Science and Engineering Munitions Directorate University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign AFRL/MNMW Urbana, IL 61801 Eglin AFB, FL 32542-68108_PERFORMING_ORGANIZATION: AFRL-MN-EG-TP-2007-74119_SPONSORINGMONITORING_AG: Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate AFRL/MNMWEglin AFB, FL 32542-6810 10_SPONSORMONITORS_ACRONY: AFRL-MN-EG1_1_SPONSORMONITORS_REPOR: SAME AS BLOCK 812_DISTRIBUTIONAVAILABILI: DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Approval Confirmation #AAC/PA 06-19-07-459, dated 19 June 2007.13_SUPPLEMENTARY_NOTES: 14ABSTRACT: N/A15_SUBJECT_TERMS: N/Aa_REPORT: UNCLASSIFIEDbABSTRACT: UNCLASSIFIEDc_THIS_PAGE: UNCLASSIFIED17_limitation_of_abstract: SARnumber_of_pages: 2219a_NAME_OF_RESPONSIBLE_P: DAVID E. LAMBERT19b_TELEPHONE_NUMBER_Incl: