Aboriginal Knowledge and Intellectual Property Protocol
Community Guide
Waltja Tjutangku Palyapayi
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ContentsPreamble 3
What is important? 4Ethics 4Confidentiality 5Freepriorinformedconsent 6Benefitsharing 7Whathappenstotheresearch? 8Keepingandfindingtheresearch 9Reportingandpublishing 10Usingtheresearch 11Returnandreportingback 12MakingsuretheProtocolisused 13Goodresearchchecklist 14Iunderstand 15
What words mean 16Aboriginalknowledge 16Intellectualproperty(IP) 16Backgroundintellectualproperty 17Commercialisation 17
emily Cox 18Isobel nampitjinpa Gorey 19Margaret orr 20topsy Dixon 21Joni Wilson 22
MrsDixonpassedawayin2010afterthecompletionofthe1steditionoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocolCommunityGuide.ThefamilyofMrsDixonhavekindlygivenpermissionforhernameandimagetobeused.
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PreAMble
Aboriginal Knowledge and Intellectual Property Protocol Community Guide
ThisProtocoltellsabouttherulesforresearchersandshowshowlocalAboriginalpeopleandresearcherscanworktogether.
Aboriginalpeopleowntheirknowledge.
AllresearchthatconcernsAboriginalpeoplemustrespectAboriginalcultureandknowledge.
Everyoneshouldbeequalintheresearchandhavesharedunderstandings.
ThisProtocolmakessurethatresearcherswhoworkwithAboriginalpeopleandNintiOnedotherightthing.
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WhAt Is IMPortAnt?
ethics
ethics is doing things the right way. It means:
Beingrespectfulofeveryoneinvolved.
Peopleworkingtogether.
Learningandsharingisbothways.
Everyoneinvolvedwins.
Talkingisstraightface-to-face.
Talkingandlisteningareequal.
Understandingthateveryplaceisdifferentandhasitsownway.
Theresearchercontinuestoaskiftheyareworkingtherightwaythroughouttheresearch.
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Confidentiality
Notallstoriescanbeshared.
Somestoriesarepublicandsomestoriesareprivate:‘Thisstoryisjustbetweenyouandme’.
Sometimesresearchersneedtounderstandthattheycannotwritedownallthestories.
YouneedtohaveachancetohearorreadwhattheresearcherhasrecordedsothatyoucansayifitisOKtowriteandpublishit,orifsomepartsareprivate.
Youneedtomakeitclearwhatcanbetalkedaboutandwhatcanbewrittendown.
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Free prior informed consent
Youneedtoknowallabouttheresearchbeforeyoudecidethatyouwanttoparticipate(thismighttakesometime).
Theresearcherhastotalkandexplainproperly.
Theresearchermightneedalocalhelper.
Honestyandtalkingstraightareimportantbothways.
Youshouldnotbebossedaround.
Youshouldnotberushed.Justtakeyourtimetodecide.
Bigchangestotheresearchneedtobetalkedaboutstraightface-to-facewitheveryoneinvolved.
ItisOKtosay‘NO’.
Youcanchangeyourmindaboutbeinginvolved.
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benefit sharing
Sharingandlearningmustbebothways.
Theresearchhastomakeadifference.IthastobeimportantforAboriginalpeople.
Theresearchhastohelppeople.
‘Wehelptheresearcherandtheresearcherhelpsus’.
Aboriginalworkersintheresearchshouldbepaid.
Speakupandtellthetruestory.
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What happens to the research?
Anything told or shown to researchers should not be used in any way without:
TheagreementandfullunderstandingoftheAboriginalpeopleinvolved.
Makingsurethattheinformationispublicandnotprivate.
TheNintiOneBoardbeingsurethatAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearcharehappyaboutit.
TheNintiOneBoardsaying‘yes’tostoriesorinformationbeingputinreportsorinabook.
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Keeping and finding the research
the research information and recordings will be kept:
AccordingtoAboriginalculturallawsandpractices.
Inlocalknowledgecentresandkeepingplaces.
InwaysthattherightAboriginalpeoplecanfindthemandusethem.
AccordingtoAustralianGovernmentprivacylaws.
Ordestroyed,ifaskedforbytherightAboriginalpeople.
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reporting and publishing
After the research is finished:
ThenamesofAboriginalpeoplemustbekeptprivateunlesstheresearchersaretolditisOKtousethem.
Ifyouworkedcloselyontheproject,yournameshouldalsobeontheresearchreportsasanauthor.
Aboriginalpeoplemustbeacknowledgedashelpingintheproject,unlesstheysaytheydonotwanttobenamed.
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Using the research
the research will only be used:
ForreasonsthatwereagreedtobyAboriginalpeople.
IfitdoesnothurtorshameAboriginalpeople.
TobenefitAboriginalpeople.
Tomakemoney,iftheNintiOneBoardissurethatAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearchagree.
Thisisaboutcommercialisation.
Tomakemoney,ifalegalAgreementismadebetweenNintiOneandtheAboriginalownersoftheknowledge.
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return and reporting back
the researcher must make sure that:
Aboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearcharekeptup-to-dateaboutit.
Aboriginalpeopleknowwhotheycancontactiftheyareunhappywithhowtheresearchisbeingdone.
ProjectreportsareprovidedtoallAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearchinwaysthatmakesenseandareuseful.
GoodstoriesarecelebratedwiththeAboriginalpeopleinvolvedintheresearch.
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Making sure the Protocol is used
EveryoneinvolvedinNintiOneresearchisresponsibleformakingsurethisProtocolisfollowed.
NintiOnehasstrongrulesforresearchersaboutusingthisProtocol.
NintiOnewillworkwithAboriginalpeopletomakesurethattheProtocolisthebestitcanbe.
IfyouhavegoodideasabouthowtomaketheProtocolbetter,pleasetellNintiOne.
ThisGuidetotheProtocolwasmadeinNovember2008.
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Good research checklist
It’sOKformetoworkonthisresearch.
ThisresearchisOKwiththecommunity.
Iamworkingwiththevisitingresearcher.
Iamgettingpaid.
Iknowtheresearchwillbeuseful.
Iknowtheresearchwillmakeadifference.
IknowthatIwillgetcopiesoftheresearch.
Iambeinglistenedto.
Iambeingrespected.
Wehavemadearesearchagreement.
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I understand
Whatwillhappenintheresearchandhowlongitwilltake.
Whattheresearchers,includingme,areabletodointheresearch.
Whatwillbelearntfromdoingtheresearchandhowmycommunitywillbenefit.
Thatsomethingsmightaffecttheresearch,likebadweatherorculturalbusiness.
Whatwillhappentothewritteninformation,recordings,photos,video,etc,collectedintheresearch.
Whoispayingtheresearcherandwhytheywanttodotheresearch.
WhotocontactifI’munhappywithhowtheresearchisgoing.
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WhAt WorDs MeAn
Aboriginal knowledge
Thisisallofthestoriesandtheculture(thatyoucanseeandhear)thatarepassedonfromtheoldpeople.Thesestoriesandwaysofdoingthingsareheldbythecommunity,notjustoneperson.Butdifferentpeoplewillholddifferentstories.ThesestoriesandcultureareclosetothelandandAboriginalidentity.
Intellectual property (IP)
Appliesto‘things’thataremadebecauseoftheresearch.Theseincludeanythingthatiswritten,suchasreports,orrecordedinsoundorimage.Theybecome‘property’thatcanbeowned.IPlawsinAustraliaincludetheCopyrightAct,thePatentsAct,PlantBreedersRightAct,TradeMarksActandtheDesignsAct.
seecrc-rep.com/sites/default/files/upload/bp1_intellectual-property-rights-in-australian-law.pdf
andcrc-rep.com/sites/default/files/upload/bp5_aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-knowledge-western-knowledge-and-ip.pdf
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background intellectual property
Thisistheknowledgepeoplebringwiththemintoaproject,thestoriesandculturethatyouhavebeforetheprojectstarts.Thisistheknowledgethatyouown,ratherthanwhatyoulearntthroughtheproject.
Commercialisation
Ifresearchiscommercialisedthenitbecomesamoney-makingbusiness.IfmoneyisgoingtobemadeoutofresearchthenalegalagreementhastobemadebetweentheAboriginalpeoplewhoseknowledgecontributestotheresearchandNintiOne.Thisagreementwilltalkabouthowanymoneymightbedividedupandhowpeoplemightbenefit.
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eMIly CoxTheochreiscountry.Thecirclesbelowcountryisalltheknowledge.Thefootstepsshowpeoplecomingforameeting,menandwomen,Aboriginal(brownfeet)andvisitingresearchers(whitefeet).Theyareallsharingtheirstories.Theyellowdotsinthecirclearestoriesthatcanbegivenout(public)stories.Thegreydotsinthecirclearethesecretorprivatestories.
Theochredotsarestoriesorknowledgethatcanbetalkedabouttohelppeopleunderstand,buttheycan’tbetakenaway.Theytalkandagreeaboutwhatgoodtheresearchcando.Theycometobefriends.Everybodyishappyandtheywalkofftogether.
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Isobel nAMPItJInPA GoreyAliceSpringsisthehalfcircleatthetopofthepainting.ThevisitingresearchertravelsfromAliceSpringstothecommunity.Inthemiddleisacommunitymeeting.ThewhiteUshapesarethevisitingresearcherssittingdownwithcommunityleaderstoexplainandtoaskpermission.ThecommunityleaderssayOK.Thenthevisitorsgoouttotalkwithfamiliesinthecommunityandinoutstations.TheygowithlocalNintiringtjakuworkers(brownfootsteps).
Theysitdownandexplainandaskquestionsandlisten.TheNintiringtjakuworkersexplaininlanguageandEnglishsoeveryoneunderstands.TheNintiringtjakuworkershelppeopletotalkupaboutwhatisOKtowritedownandwhatisprivate.
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MArGAret orrInthemiddleofthepaintingisaCouncilmeeting.Greypeople(U)areseniors,theoldpeople.BrownUarethecommunitymembers.WhiteUarethevisitingresearchworkers.Themeetinggivespermissionforvisitingresearcherstogooutandtalktothecommunity.Onegroupofcommunitypeopletalkintotaperecorders(Uwithrectangleabove).TheycandecideiftheirstoriesareOKtoshareoriftheyareprivateandconfidential.Otherpeopletalkandtheresearcherswritedownwhattheysay(whitebooks).ThepeopleareOKfortheresearcherstotaketheirwordsawayfortheresearch,buttheyhavetogiveacopytothecommunitypeople.Anothergrouptalksupstrongtothevisitingresearchersandgivesthemgoodideasbutsaysthestoriesareconfidential(brownbooks),andtheresearcherscan’twritethemdown.
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toPsy DIxonCouncilmeetingisthefirstthing.Thevisitorscometoaskpermission.Councilpeopleasklotsofquestionsandtalkupstrongforthecommunity.CouncilsaysOKfortheresearch.Theytellthevisitorswhotheyshouldgoandtalkto:somefamilies,someoutstations.ThevisitorsgowhereCouncilsays.
Whenthevisitorstalktofamiliestheyshowrespectandtheylisten.Theyuseataperecorder.Whentheyhavevisitedeverybodytheygobackagainandgiveacopyofthetapebacktothefamily.ThisisagoodtimeforthemtocheckifitisOK.ThisisagoodtimeforthemtocheckifitisOKtouseeverythingonthetapeorifsomethingisprivate.
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JonI WIlsonThehandmeansthatattheendofallthepeoplemeetingtogether,everyoneishappy,everythinghasbeendonetherightway.Theresearchercomesintoacommunitytodiscussthedocument,whateverisneeded.Thelocalpeoplemeetwiththemtohearwhathastobesaid.Thenextstepisthattheresearcherhastomeetwiththeeldersandshowthedocumenttothem.Thenthelocalpeopleandtheeldersmeetaboutthedocumentandthesacredstuff.Thentheytakethedocumentandthesacredstufftoshowtheresearcherswheretheycanworkorwhattorespectandwhotogoto.Thesacredstuffandstoriesaretobeleftwhereitwasheardandtheresearchersandtheelderstrusteachotherandrespecteveryone.Theresearchershouldalwaysrespectwheretheyareandrespectthecommunityandthepeople.
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ContrIbUtInG AUthor AnD ArtIst InForMAtIonMargaretOrr,MpwelarreCommunity(WalkaboutBore)
PeterKenny,MpwelarreCommunity(WalkaboutBore)
IsobelNampitjinpaGorey,Papunya
TopsyDixon,Papunya
AlmaMir,BatchelorInstituteofIndigenousTertiaryEducation,Batchelor
EmilyCox,CentralAustralianRemoteHealthDevelopmentServices,AliceSprings
JoniWilson,CentralAustralianRemoteHealthDevelopmentServices,AliceSprings
ACKnoWleDGeMentsThisCommunityGuideisanadaptationoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocol.ThedevelopmentoftheCommunityGuidewasfacilitatedbyAliciaBoyleCDU,SarahHolcombeANU,andKateLawrence,Waltja.
ThedevelopmentoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocolinvolvedfocusgroupsandworkshopdiscussionsinAdelaideandAliceSpringswitharangeofAboriginalandnon-Aboriginalparticipants.
ThedesignonthebackcoverisfromWaltja’scommitteemeetingin2006.Theartistisunknown.
NintiOneLimitedisanot-for-profitnationalcompanythatbuildsopportunitiesforpeoplelivinginremoteregionsofAustralia.NintiOnemanagestheintellectualpropertyfromtheformerDesertKnowledgeCooperativeResearchCentre,theresearchactivitiesandpartnershipsoftheCooperativeResearchCentreforRemoteEconomicParticipationandengagesinresearchandresearchdeliveryandcommercialisationactivitiesthatbenefitAustralianslivinginremoteareas.
enqUIrIes shoUlD be ADDresseD to:ninti one limited
Phone: +61889596000Fax: +61889596048email: [email protected]
ISBN:978174158213-0(Print)ISBN:9781741582123(Online)
CItAtIon: OrrM,KennyP,GoreyIN,DixonT,MirA,CoxE,WilsonJ.2009.AboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocol:CommunityGuide.2ndEdition.NintiOneLimited,AliceSprings.
For ADDItIonAl InForMAtIon PleAse ContACt:ninti one limitedCommunicationsManager
POBox3971AliceSpringsNT0871Australia
Phone: +61889596000Fax: +61889596048www.nintione.com.au
ThefullAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocol,onwhichthisCommunityGuideisbased,isavailablefordownloadfrom:www.nintione.com.au/welcome-website-portal-ninti-one-limited/resource-centreorfromtheWaltjawebsite:www.waltja.org.au
©NintiOneLimitedandWaltjaTjutangkuPalyapayi
MrsDixonpassedawayin2010afterthecompletionofthe1steditionoftheAboriginalKnowledgeandIntellectualPropertyProtocolCommunityGuide.ThefamilyofMrsDixonhavekindlygivenpermissionforhernameandimagetobeused.