Aadhaar: A Platform to Transform Service Delivery
Unique Identification Authority of India
www.uidai.gov.in
Tampa, 20th September 2012
Agenda
• Context of UIDs and Mandate of UIDAI
• Features of UIDs (Aadhaar)
• Implementation Approach
• Status of Implementation
• Service Delivery Potential of Aadhaar
• Service Delivery Architecture
• Some Application Examples
Context of UIDs in India
• Provision of a robust and reusable ID, especially to those who do not have one
• To clean up existing databases through Uniqueness : No duplicates or fakes
• Improve Targeting and Delivery of Services
• Reducing the cost of Services’ Delivery
UIDAI’s Mandate
• To provide Unique ID Numbers to all Residents
• Provide online, cost-effective, ubiquitous authentication services across country
• Define usage and applications of UID for delivery of various services
• Ensure ways of leveraging field level institutions in establishing linkages across partner agencies
Features of UIDs
Only Numbers – No Cards
Random Numbers – No Intelligence
Standard Attributes – No Profiling
All Residents – Including Children
Flexibility to Partners
Features Contd….
No Guarantees to Rights, Citizenship, Entitlements
Uniqueness – Ensured through biometric attributes
De-novo creation of database
Ubiquitous Authentication – anytime any where
Ensuring Security and Privacy of Information
Name Address Gender Date of birth
1 person1 number
How UIDs are made
Photo
Both
iris
10 finger-
prints
UIDAI will issue unique IDs …
Property of UIDAI - Highly confidential 8
UID = 1568 3647 4958 6218
UID Unique number Random number
Basic demographic data and
biometrics stored centrally
Central UID database
Standardized identity attributes
No duplicates(1:N check)
Flexibility to partners on Know
Your Resident (KYR)+
Name
Parents
Gender
DoB
PoB
Address
… and authenticate IDs online, real-time
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UID = 1568 3647 4958 6218
Central UID database
1:1 check, no ID fraud
Only YES/NO response, no details – no invasion of privacy
Person can see self-details, no one else can
Authentication - ‘Are you
who you claim to be?’
Aadhaar Authentication at a Glance
= Yes **
OR No
*and/or – Single or multi-factor authentication
**Yes/No – Would enable service provider to take business decision
+ Demographics*
Name, Gender, DOB, Address..
One Time Password*
Biometrics 1:1 Match
1111 2222 3333
Aadhaar : An Online ID
Ration Card
Drivers License
Passport
PAN Card
NREGA Job card
Voter ID Card
• All current valid PoI/PoA documents issued for specific purposes and entitlements
• Used as PoI/PoA in the absence of a pure ID
• Requires manual authentication basis ‘What the user has’
• Is prone to duplicates, fakes, etc.
• Aadhaar is a pure ID issued by the Government to all residents
• Identity platform for leverage by multiple applications
• Portable Online ID can be used for Authentication anytime, anywhere
• Authentication on basis of ‘what the user is (biometrics) or knows (OTP )’
• Provides usage audit trail
UIDAI enrolls through Registrars
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Various registrars in the country can enroll residents
Working closely with RGI to leverage NPR initiative
UIDAI empanelled enrolment agencies can be used
Dat
a fl
ow
Over-arching Goals/Constraints
• Cost – we are not a rich country
• Scalability – we are 1.2 Billion!
• Speed – we can’t wait for 20 years
• Convenience to residents – it is for people
• Inclusive – poor need it most
• Best of technology - for the service of the poor
• Ensuring Uniqueness
Design Choices
• Existing databases vs de-novo
• Open Architecture – vs Custom Design
• Application vs Platform
• Minimalist vs Comprehensive
• Exclusive vs inclusive
• Controlled vs Eco-system based
• Standards vs Proprietary: Inter-operability and vendor neutrality
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Implementation Status of UIDAI project
Issue of first Aadhaar
Targets
• 600 million residents by 2014
• RGI expected to cover remaining Population
Progress so far – Key Highlights
• Aadhaar launched by PM and UPA Chairperson on September 29, 2010 in Nandurbar district, Maharashtra
• More than 200 million enrolments covering almost all the states and UTs
• More than 190 million Aadhaars Generated
• A large eco-system of Registrars, Enrolment Agencies, Operators, Device Manufacturers/Suppliers, Certification Agencies and Operators developed
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Enrolment Kit
1 2
3
4 5 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Item-wise description
Laptop with enrolment client
2nd monitor for live data verification by resident
Camera for photo capture
Iris scanner
Fingerprint slap scanner
Enrolment kit box
www.uidai.gov.in
Enrolment centre, Andhra Pradesh
Homeless, Nizamuddin, Delhi
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Enrolment in Maharashtra
Kerala
Puducherry
Enrolment centre in Jharkhand
Enrolment in Karnataka
www.uidai.gov.in
What is in a Number?
Service Delivery Potential o Aadhaar
Service Delivery Potential of Aadhaar • Uniqueness and Existence ensures no fakes or duplicates
• Can become a unique and sufficient identifier for various Service Delivery programs:
– Opening of bank accounts and other financial products
– Getting pre-paid mobile connections
– Getting LPG Cylinder Connections,
• Various States, Central Entities have notified Aadhaar to be POI and POA for various programs
• Enables a resident-centric view of service delivery programs
Service Delivery potential due to Authentication
• All transactions start with proving your identity
• Aadhaar online authentication will provide a common platform which can be used across all applications.
• Entitlements should reach the intended beneficiary – non-transferability to be ensured
• This can be effectively done by authentication at the point of service delivery
• Many domains will be able to use as a proof of presence for the beneficiary
Aadhaar Authentication
• Authentication will enable Improvements in cost, efficiency and transparency in service delivery
– Tracking end to end service delivery process
– Move service delivery towards a demand driven, beneficiary led system
– Strengthen existing accountability/vigilance procedures
– Access to relevant MIS and empowerment of beneficiaries
Universal ID, valid all India
Interoperable platform for multiple
applications
Identity verifiable through mobile and
online
Anywhere authentication through demographics,
biometrics, or OTP
Only one number per person
6654 3212 9087
Can be linked to a bank a/c numbers,
mobile numbers, and other identifiers
Aadhaar : A flexible, national infrastructure
Types of Applications • Subscription to a New Service, Product. • Example: Mobile Connection, PDS Ration Card, Bank
Account
KYC, Database Cleanup
• Money Transfers, Consumer Banking • Example: NREGA wages, Pensions to bank accounts,
Micropayments
Transactions
• Attendance/Presence, Access to Location
• Example: NREGA Attendance, FPS beneficiary identity
Presence, Access Control
• Mechanism for linking Databases • Example: Credit Bureau, Medical Records
Aadhaar as a Unique ID
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Aadhaar platform for Banking
• Open Bank Accounts using Aadhaar
• Connect existing Bank Accounts Access (KYC)
• Transfer funds to the AE Accounts leveraging Aadhaar Payment Bridge (APB)
• Simplifies disbursal of funds – uses only one account for all disbursals
Address (APB)
• Aadhaar Enabled Payments System (AEPS) leveraging BC microATM network integrated with Aadhaar Authentication
• MicroATM enabled transactions - withdraw and deposit, Check balance, peer to peer transfers
• Inter-operable, portable anytime anywhere
Transactions (AEPS)
4. Authenticate
2. AADHAAR number, money
transfer instruction, biometrics
Convenient cash withdrawal
Resident
BC with Micro-ATM
Ram’s bank account
BC’s bank account
Interoperable Switch
1. Withdrawal request
3. Forward to switch
6. Debit
7. Credit
8. Inform: Call / SMS
9. Cash
UIDAI
5. Authorize
State Resident Data Hub (SRDH)
• Common Database with all resident records with Aadhaar numbers and KYR information. (from EID-UID mapping files)
• Single Source of Truth on Resident Data
Development of one single consolidated
Data Hub for the State
• Development of a framework for seeding of resident databases of the departments with Aadhaar number
• Development of Framework for departments to access resident data, as available in SRDH, and clean their own data
SRDH to have synchronization with
Department and Program Databases
• Institutional arrangements for ownership and management
• Nodal Department in State
• Managed Service Providers
• SRDH Nodal Department for Authentication Services to other Departments
Development of a State-wide Data
Governance Framework
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Application Adoption Status
Current Aadhaar Application Pilots
• Financial Inclusion Pilot in Jharkhand o Direct Payment in Bank Accounts and Banking transactions
o The wages of MGNREGA workers are being transferred directly into Aadhaar linked bank account of the beneficiaries
o Micro-ATM’s deployed in rural areas help the beneficiaries to easily access basic banking services such as Withdrawal, Deposit, Balance Enquiry, etc.
• LPG Delivery Pilot in Mysore : Direct transfer of subsidies o LPG cylinders being delivered by delivery boys to households after
Aadhaar biometric Authentication
o Authentication ensures that the subsidized cylinders reach the right beneficiary and is not diverted by distributors or delivery boys
o The second phase of Pilot would test the subsidy amount being directly transferred into the Aadhaar linked bank account of beneficiary so that there is no incentive for distributors and delivery boys to divert cylinders.
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Current Pilots
• 51 Districts identified to start payments pilot for social benefits delivery like MNREGA, Scholarships, National Social Assistance Programs
• Direct subsidy transfer for Kerosene subsidy started in Rajasthan
• Joint working Groups with Ministries and Applications support to States for other applications
Conclusion • Aadhaar is a development project with the
objectives of inclusion and to enable access to services
• Aadhaar has been designed as a Service Delivery Platform to make these deliveries cost effective, more accountable, transparent and to reduce last-mile leakages. Authentication enables achievement of all these objectives
• We believe that it will fundamentally transform the way we deliver services to our people.
Thank You