A Pavement Damage Based System For Charging HGVs For Their Use Of Road Infrastructure
Nii Amoo Dodoo and Neil ThorpeSchool of Civil Engineering and GeosciencesTransport Operations Research Group (TORG)University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Highways: cost and Regulation in Europe
26 – 27 November 2004, Bergamo Italy.
Outline of Presentation
Introduction and Background
Factors Affecting Pavement Damage
Overview of Charging System
Development of System
Results of Initial Trials
Conclusions and Next Steps
Background
EU transport policy
Closer relation between charges and costs
HGV Charging Systems
Various methods and systems but….
Factors Affecting Pavement Damage
Speed, distance GVW
Pavement type, thickness, roughness
Axle forces Axle and tyre properties
Vehicle
Characteristics
Pavement
Characteristics
Environmental
Conditions
HGV Charging Systems
Country Dynamic Axle
Weight
Number of Axles
Type of Axle
Tyre Properties
Pavement Properties
Distance Travelled
New Zealand X X X X
Eurovignette X X X X X
HELP (US) () X X X
Switzerland X X X X
Austria X X X X
Germany X X X X
Overview of the System
Dynamic Axle Forces
GPS Satellites
On-Board Unit
Cellular Tower
Back-Office System
Pavement Database
Damage Tariff Tables
Bill
Vehicle position,
Dynamic axle forces,
distance,speed,
date&time
Digital Road Map
On-Board System Components
On-board Unit
Axle Weighing Unit
Initial Field Trials
Description of Field Trials
Data processing procedure
Uploading of recorded data
Map-matching vehicle positions
Pavement properties of road links
Estimation of pavement damage
Map-Matching Vehicle Positions
Results from Map-Matching
Link IDRoad
NumberRoad Name Road
ClassChainageon Link
DistanceTravelled
74239 - N’BRIAN ROAD Minor 321.7 116.5
74565 B1326 N’BRIAN ROAD B 118.1 138.9
73179 A19 - A 63.2 151.2
73179 A19 - A 275.0 187.5
71861 A19 - A 519.0 282.2
94259 A19 - A 32.2 124.8
94432 A1058 COAST ROAD A 175.6 145.1
94387 A1058 COAST ROAD A 7.4 191.1
Pavement Properties of Map-Matched Road Links
Link IDRoad
NumberChainageon Link
PavementType
RoughnessCategory
Pavement Thickness
74239 - 321.7 FLEX 2 THIN
74565 B1326 118.1 RIGID 2 THIN
73179 A19 63.2 FLEX 1 THICK
73179 A19 275.0 FLEX 1 THICK
71861 A19 519.0 FLEX 2 THICK
94259 A19 32.2 RIGID 3 THIN
94432 A1058 175.6 RIGID 2 THIN
94387 A1058 7.4 RIGID 3 THICK
Sample of Axle Load Data
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
06:2
7:16
06:3
0:32
06:3
3:52
06:3
7:12
06:5
0:52
06:5
4:12
06:5
7:32
07:0
0:52
07:0
4:12
07:0
7:32
07:1
0:52
07:1
4:12
07:1
7:32
07:2
0:52
07:2
4:12
07:2
7:32
07:3
0:52
07:3
4:12
07:3
7:32
07:4
0:52
07:4
4:12
07:4
7:32
07:5
0:52
07:5
4:12
07:5
7:32
08:0
0:52
08:0
4:12
08:0
7:32
08:1
0:52
08:1
4:12
08:1
7:32
08:2
0:52
08:2
4:12
08:2
7:32
Time
Wei
gh
t o
f F
ron
t A
xle
(to
nn
es)
Constant Speed
Stationary
Deceleration
Acceleration
Results of Initial Trials
LinkID
AxleWt.(t)
Av. Veh.Sp
(km/h)
Pav.Type
Pav.Thickness
Pav.Rough
Damage Tariff
(per m)
DistanceTravelled
(m)
RelativeDamageCaused
74239 4.89 41.9 FLEX THIN 2 0.20 116.5 23.3
74565 4.89 50.0 RIGID THIN 2 0.24 138.9 33.3
73179 4.89 54.4 FLEX THICK 1 0.18 151.2 27.2
73179 4.89 67.5 FLEX THICK 1 0.18 187.5 33.8
71861 6.52 93.3 FLEX THICK 2 0.10 282.2 28.2
94259 6.52 44.9 RIGID THIN 3 0.15 124.8 18.7
94432 6.52 52.2 RIGID THIN 2 0.12 145.1 17.4
94387 6.52 68.8 RIGID THICK 3 0.14 191.1 26.8
Total Estimate of Relative Damage 208.7
Potential Benefits of the System
Improved system for cost recovery
Knowledge on the occurrence of
pavement damage
Improved loading practices
A more pavement-friendly HGV fleet
Conclusions and Next Steps
Data requirements
Pavement database, data compatibility
Recruitment and equipping of additional
HGVs for road trials
Evaluation of system and
recommendations for future development