Are we the worlds policeman? Is any nation that goes along with
us an ally, or only those that are reasonably free and
democratic?
Slide 3
Specific questions about terrorism How can we wage war against
terrorists in remote areas of the world? What do we do about
countries that harbor terrorists? How can the military be
redesigned to make it effective against terrorists?
Slide 4
The Framers believed it was best to give most foreign policy
powers to the single executive rather than Congress. The President
has the power to command the military, meet with foreign leaders
and make treaties.
Slide 5
Congress has the power to declare war and approve
treaties.
Slide 6
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton The Department of State
carries out the presidents foreign policy. U.S. Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton and Makhdoom Shah Mehmood Qureshi, Pakistan's
Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Slide 7
Carries out the presidents foreign policy. GOALS OF THE STATE
DEPARTMENT Protect national security. Provide international
leadership in fostering world peace. Insure balance of power
between strong and weak nations. Cooperate with other nations to
help solve international problems. Promote human rights and
democratic values. Foster cooperative trade among nations.
Slide 8
Washingtons Vision: Dont get mixed up in the business of other
nations. Washingtons Farewell Address, 1796 cultivate peace and
harmony Observe good faith and justice towards all nations;
cultivate peace and harmony with all In the execution of such a
plan, nothing is more essential than that permanent, inveterate
antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments
for others, should be excluded; and that, in place of them, just
and amicable feelings towards all should be cultivated.
Slide 9
James Monroe: The Monroe Doctrine 1820s European nations should
not interfere with nations of Central and South America or the U.S.
would take action.
Slide 10
Early to mid 1800s: Manifest Destiny Steady expansion of U.S.
territory westward.
Slide 11
Teddy Roosevelt: Roosevelt Corollary The U.S. should act as a
policeman in Central and South America, and take action in order to
maintain stability. The army and the navy are the sword and the
shield which this nation must carry if she is to do her duty among
the nations of the earth. Inaugural Address of President Teddy
Roosevelt
Slide 12
Woodrow Wilson: The Fourteen Points and League of Nations 1918
Wilson sought a way for nations to settle their differences
peacefully by creating an organization of nations. The Senate did
not agree and blocked the U.S. from entering.
Slide 13
Franklin D. Roosevelt: World War II (Late 1930s 1945) Before
Pearl Harbor supply the allies with weapons, but stay out of the
war. After Pearl Harbor lead the war against dictators in Europe
and Asia.
Slide 14
Franklin D. Roosevelt: World War II World War II convinced the
American people that no nation can live in isolation from other
nations.
Slide 15
Harry Truman Ronald Reagan (1945-1990) Cold War Fight against
the spread of communism everywhere in the world. (Encourage
countries to take our side, punish countries which take the side of
the Soviet Union)
Slide 16
Slide 17
The U.S. doesnt need to wait to be attacked by a hostile
nation. We can take military action against direct, serious threats
AND less immediate threats. George W. Bush: Preemptive War
Doctrine
Slide 18
The Preemptive War Doctrine was used to justify the 2003
invasion of Iraq by U.S. forces. George W. Bush: Preemptive War
Doctrine
Slide 19
American foreign policy of the 21 st Century is based on these
fundamental beliefs: Americas freedom is best protected by ensuring
that people in other countries are free. Americas prosperity
depends on the prosperity of other countries. Americas security
relies on a global effort to secure the rights of all the people of
the world.
Slide 20
Worldview: A vision of how the United States should respond to
world problems. ISOLATIONISM The opinion that the United States
should isolate itself from world affairs. This worldview after
thousands of Americans died in World War I, a war that accomplished
little and did not make the world safe for democracy. Throughout
the 1920s and 1930s, the U.S. tried to stay out of European
conflicts.
Slide 21
ISOLATIONISM The attack on Pearl Harbor ended our policy of
isolationism forever.
Slide 22
CONTAINMENT The U.S. should resist the expansion of aggressive
nations (esp. the Soviet Union). After World War II (1940s 1960s),
the U.S. and Britain worked to build a network of defensive
alliances with European and Asian nations to contain our
enemies.
Slide 23
DISENGAGEMENT Dont get involved. Dont get involved. The belief
that the U.S. was harmed by its war in Vietnam and so should avoid
similar events. The belief that the U.S. was harmed by its war in
Vietnam and so should avoid similar events. Will this be another
Vietnam? Critics of Vietnam concluded that containment was the
wrong worldview. For many years, military action has been debated
with this question: Will this be another Vietnam?
Slide 24
CONTAINMENT VS. DISENGAGEMENT Political leaders with these two
worldviews competed for influence from the 1970s through the 1990s.
Carter disengagement Reagan containment George H.W. Bush
containment Clinton disengagement until the Balkan war, then a new
worldview emerged.....
Slide 25
HUMAN RIGHTS The U.S. should try to improve the lives of people
in other countries. The U.S. should try to improve the lives of
people in other countries. In the Balkans (Bosnia & Kosovo) it
appeared that Serbian attacks resembled genocide. U.S. policy
shifted to a never again mindset to prevent another Holocaust.
Slide 26
WHATS NEXT? Many feel that a new worldview must emerge in order
for us to defeat the current threats facing the U.S. will not work
religious extremism unconnected to national governments
Isolationist, containment, disengagement and human rights
strategies will not work to defeat terrorism that is motivated by
religious extremism and unconnected to national governments.
Slide 27
The Axis of Evil HOT SPOTS IRAN IRAQ NORTH KOREA
Slide 28
In 1953, the CIA organized a coup to overthrow Dr. Mohammad
Mosaddeq, the elected president of Iran. This created a permanent
dislike for the U.S. by many factions of the Iranian people. HOT
SPOTS IRAN
Slide 29
The U.S. helped Shah Reza Pahlavi, the monarch of Iran, regain
control of the nation. The Shah was considered a brutal dictator by
many Iranians. HOT SPOTS IRAN
Slide 30
In 1979, the Ayatollah Khomeini inspired the Iranian
Revolution. The Shah was overthrown. Iranian college students
attacked the U.S. embassy and held 53 Americans hostage for 444
days. HOT SPOTS IRAN
Slide 31
IRAN Relations with Iran have been very bad ever since the
Revolution. The U.S. currently has no diplomatic relationship with
Iran.
Slide 32
HOT SPOTS IRAN While it is not certain, some believe that the
current President of Iran, Mahmoud Amadinejad, was one of the
hostage-takers. We dont like him...he hates us.
Slide 33
HOT SPOTS IRAN: Foreign policy Iran is a threat to the security
of the Middle East. Iran is actively seeking to develop nuclear
weapons. Trade sanctions in place. The U.S. has no diplomatic
relations with Iran.
Slide 34
Slide 35
Slide 36
After World War II, the Korean peninsula was partitioned, with
the USSR in control of the north and the U.S. in charge of the
south. The nation of North Korea was established in 1948 with Kim
Il Sung as President for Life. HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA
Slide 37
The North invaded the South in 1950, sparking the three-year
Korean War. The war saw the U.S. and Britain lead U.N. forces
against North Korea backed by the Chinese army. HOT SPOTS NORTH
KOREA
Slide 38
Kim Il Sung died in 1994 and his son, Kim Jong Il, assumed
leadership as the dictator of North Korea. Kim Jung Il was an
unpredictable, eccentric leader. The U.S. government considered him
to be very dangerous. HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA
Slide 39
Kim Jung Il chose his youngest son, Kim Jong-un, to be the next
leader of this hereditary dictatorship. HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA
Slide 40
The people of North Korea are taught to hate the United States.
HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA
Slide 41
HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA: Foreign policy North Korea has developed
and tested nuclear weapons and is a real threat to other nations.
North Korea is under U.N. sanctions as punishment for weapons
testing. The U.S. has no trade relations with North Korea. U.S.
continues to pressure North Korea for six-party talks.
Slide 42
A very unstable country, mostly Muslim. Birthplace of the
Taliban. The government is on our side, but many of the people hate
the U.S. The governments hold on power is shaky. HOT SPOTS
PAKISTAN
Slide 43
The U.S. military raid to kill Osama bin Laden (May 2011)
angered and embarrassed the Pakistani government. They have been
less cooperative with us since. HOT SPOTS PAKISTAN
Slide 44
Violence is common in Pakistan. Big question: Does the army
keep Pakistans nuclear weapons secure? HOT SPOTS PAKISTAN
Slide 45
The government has little authority in the tribal areas of
Pakistan. Enemy fighters move easily across the border between
Afghanistan and Pakistan. HOT SPOTS PAKISTAN
Slide 46
U.S. relations with Pakistan are more complex than with any
other nation. We support the government of Pakistan. It is our ally
in the War on Terror. We support the government of Pakistan. It is
our ally in the War on Terror. U.S. aid following Pakistani
flooding was immediate and massive. U.S. military is not allowed to
place soldiers and weapons in Pakistani territory. Pakistan has
nuclear weapons and has tense relations with its neighbor and our
true friend, India. HOT SPOTS PAKISTAN: foreign policy
Slide 47
The Taliban government allowed bin Laden to operate terrorist
training camps in Afghanistan. It was in these camps that men
prepared for the September 11 attacks. In October 2001, the U.S.
invaded Afghanistan, eliminated the Taliban government, and chased
al Qaeda and Taliban soldiers into the eastern mountains. HOT SPOTS
AFGHANISTA N
Slide 48
The current government is headed by President Hamid Karzai, who
has been widely criticized for corruption. HOT SPOTS AFGHANISTA
N
Slide 49
The U.S. is at war with Taliban fighters in Afghanistan. The
U.S. is at war with Taliban fighters in Afghanistan. In 2009
President Obama sent 50,000 additional troops. The troop surge has
restored peace to some areas. We continue to support President
Karzai but have little trust in him. The Presidents current plan
calls for a withdrawal of all U.S. troops by the end of 2014. The
Presidents current plan calls for a withdrawal of all U.S. troops
by the end of 2014. HOT SPOTS AFGHANISTA N: foreign policy
Slide 50
The State Department has issued travel warnings for the
following nations, indicating that travel to those countries by
Americans is considered dangerous. HOT SPOTS Afghanistan ***
Nigeria Guinea Lebanon Cote d'Ivoire Philippines Congo, Democratic
Republic of Mali Eritrea Central African Republic Israel, the West
Bank and Gaza Kenya Afghanistan *** Burundi Nigeria Haiti Iran ***
Yemen **************** Iraq *** Pakistan *** Sri Lanka Yemen
**************** Saudi Arabia Uzbekistan Iraq *** Pakistan *** Chad
Nepal Georgia Sudan Algeria Syria Somalia ***
Slide 51
Economic and military aid given by the United States to other
countries. TWO TYPES OF FOREIGN AID Economic: Aid to help develop
infrastructure, education, medical facilities, agricultural
programs, etc. Military: Money for weapons, military training, etc.
The U.S. offers foreign aid: To support nations of strategic
importance. For humanitarian reasons.
Slide 52
Take the following quiz on loose-leaf paper. Do not look back
at the slide show during the quiz.
Slide 53
1. A nation's overall plans for dealing with other nations is
called: a) war policy. b) foreign policy. c) ambassadorial
policy.
Slide 54
2. Which of the following constitutional powers helps the
president conduct foreign policy? a)Power to appoint federal
judges. b) Power to make treaties. c) Power to pardon
criminals.
Slide 55
3. An official representative of a nation's government is
called: a)a secretary. b) a president. c) an ambassador.
Slide 56
4. The ability to keep a nation safe from attack or harm is
called: a)foreign security. b) terrorism safety. c) national
security.
Slide 57
5. Why does the president try to improve our economic
relationship with other countries? a)The United States does not
have enough resources to meet the needs of the people. b) The
United States needs to export more products than it imports. c)
Trade with other nations can help the American economy.
Slide 58
6. Why do presidents work hard to promote peace and democracy
in other nations? a) The United States is less likely to be drawn
into a war when the world is at peace. b) Most presidents want to
help other countries as much as they help the United States. c) We
want other countries to pay us back.
Slide 59
7. All of the following departments and agencies help the
president conduct his foreign policy EXCEPT: a)the Department of
Defense. b) the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). c) the Center
for Disease Control and Prevention. d) The Department of
State.
Slide 60
8. President Bush increased the power of the president in
conducting foreign policy by: a)changing the Constitution to make
the president more powerful. b) forcing Congress to support the War
in Iraq. c) starting the war on global terrorism.
Slide 61
9. Who is the current U.S. Secretary of State? a. Joe Biden b.
Hillary Clinton c. Condolezza Rice
Slide 62
10. Which of the following is NOT currently a major foreign
policy issue? a.Discouraging European nations from meddling in the
affairs of Central and South American nations. b. Preventing Iran
and North Korea from developing nuclear weapons. c. Maintaining the
support of other nations in the effort to protect the U.S. from
terrorists.
Slide 63
11. The first defined foreign policy of the United States,
which stated that European nations should not meddle in the affairs
of the Americas, was called: a. the Washington Corollary. b. the
Monroe Doctrine. c. the Pre-emptive War Doctrine.
Slide 64
12. The foreign policy of containment meant that the U.S.
attempted to contain: a.European nations on their side of the
Atlantic. b. the spread of communism worldwide. c. the spread of
Muslim extremism.
Slide 65
13. The foreign policy of containment is associated with which
of the following wars and president? a.Civil War; Lincoln b.
Spanish-American War; Theodore Roosevelt c. Cold War; Truman
Slide 66
14. The Pre-emptive War Doctrine developed during the
presidency of George W. Bush states that: a.the U.S. will only go
to war to protect itself or its allies. b. the U.S. will only
attack a nation if we are attacked first. c. the U.S. will not wait
to be attacked, but will strike first against nations or groups who
represent a danger to its security.
Slide 67
15. Which of the following foreign nations presents a major
diplomatic challenge for the U.S.? a. Pakistan b. Mexico c.
Japan