THE STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING TIE SURVIVAL OF ESCHEHCHU
COLI IN DREDGED MARINE SOILS
/ A &esis .Siili.ttted ifi
Mfillrnent of the requirement for the award of the D-egree of Master of Civil Engineering
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineefing Universiti Tun Hussein O m Malaysia
SEPTEMBER 20 15
ABSTRACT
Dredging work involves a range of marine mils, varying fiom cwse to fine, clean
to contaminated. Dredging involves excavation and disposal and both processes could
affect the marine environment through release of possible contaminants. Dredged
marine soil OMS) samples with different physico-chemical properties from two
dredging locations were analyzed for identification of pathogenic k te r i a ,
Identification process was a first element in the detection of biological hazards in
marine soils. Due to the potential for transmission of diseases, this hazard becomes a
major concern as the DMS bas its o m values for reuse or recycle purposes. To
prevent the needless cast and t h e involved in assessing several of pathogenic
bacteria, the itldicator bacteria, Esc&rfchfcr eoli (E. eolu has been used to assess the
level of biologicd c o n ~ t i o n in marine environmenti The effect of natural factors
including salinity, pH, marine soil particle she, solar exposure Ad depth of soil were /
investigated. The main god is to understand the bacterial survival ability, as an
appmach €0 deal with the hamda. Uiider ~e condition without the existence of
predatory microorganisms, experiments is performed at nine salinity level; ranging
fiom 0 % to 35 %, pH 6 to 9 and nine hours of solar exposure. It was observed that
salinity ha8 induced pH changes. The highest survival was observed at higher salinity
after 42 days of expasure. Besides salinity, pH also affects the survival. The pH
experimental revealed the high survival of E. culi in high pH. High number of E. culi
was found in clay rather than silt soil indicated the survival of bacteria was affected
by the particle size as well. In lahmtoq mlar exposure experiments, the data dealing
with the survival of bacteria showed that the cell reduction was more pronounced
when compared to the absence of solar threat. After an extended period of solar
exposures, 2-logs of E, colt have been removed. Therefore, based on the result, the
bacteria survivability in DMS was af3ktd by the particle size, dmityf pH and solar
exposures.
Kerja penggenrkan melibatkin pelbagai jenis tanah m;arin, yang berbeza-beza dari
kaar kepada halw, bersih kepi& tercemw. Pmggemkm melibatkin pnggdim d m
pelupusan dan kedua-dua proses boleh menjejaskan alam sekitar rnarin melalui
pelepsm b W cemw ymg mugkin. Tanah ma& ke&m (DMS) smpel defigm
sifat-sifat fiziko-Ma yang berbeza dari dua lokasi penggeruWran d i d i s i s unhk
menged pasti bslktetia patdgea. Pmss pefigenalaui b&eria adalah eleniefi pmma dalam pengesanan bahaya biologi &dam tanah marin. Berdasarkan kepada potensi
untuk penyebaran penyakit, h a d ini menjadi fokus kerana DMS mempunyai nilai
untuk tujuan digunakan semula atau kikx semda. Un& mengel&an kas ymg sia-
sia dm masa yang terlibat da.lam menilai beberapa bakteria pathogen, bakteria
penunjuk, Escherichia coli (E.colij telah digmakin untuk menilai tahap pencemaran
biologi dalam persekitarm &. Kesan f&or semula jadi termasuk tahap
kernasinan, pH, sak mah tanah m e pdedahan solar dm kedalaman tanah telah
dikaji. Matlamat utama ildalah wtuk memahami keupaym survival bakteria, sebagai
satu pendekatan untuk mamgani hazad. Dalam keadaan tanpa kewujudan
mikroorgmisma ~ ~ g s r t , ekspmhen di.d- di sembilan tahap kernashan;
antara 0 hingga 35 960 pH 6 hingga 9 dm sembilan jam pendedahan solar. Ia adalah
diperhatw bahawa kern- telah mmdarong p e t u b w pH. S w i v d terthggi
diperhatikan di kemasinan tinggi selepas 42 hari pendedahan, Selain kemasinan, pH
jugs memberi ke rn kep* swivd. Eksperitneh pH m e n d e a sw-ivd ymg
tinggi E. coli dalam pH yang tinggi. Jumlah tin& E. coli yyang terdapat dalam tanah
liat h b h tan& keloM menunjukkan survival W e r i a terjejas oleh &z i ~ &
juga. Dalsun eksperimen pendedahan solar, data yang berkaitan dengan sunrival
bakteria menunjukkan bahawa pengurangan sel adalah lebih ketara jika dibandingkan
dengau ketidixm aucarnan solar. Selepas temph ymg panjaug penciecbhan mlar, 2-
logs daripada E. coli telah dikwangh. Oleh itu, b e r k k a n keputusan, kemmdirian
bakteria dalm DMS terjejas oleh saiz zarah, kernasinan, pH dan pendedahan solar.
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