A Chandra view to Exploding Stars
SN2014J
R. MarguttiHarvard
nothing
Margutti +13, +14; Kamble +13; Soderberg +06, +10
Energy partitioning
SNe are an OPTICAL phenomenon1051 erg OPTICAL
1047 ergX-rays/Radio
RADIATION from the REMNANT
X-rays from Supernovae
Log Time
Log Lx
< hr
SHOCK BREAK OUT(R exploding star)
Δt≈ 2msT≈250 keVE≈3 1041 erg Δt≈ hrs
(@ T0+5hrs)T≈ X-raysE≈1046-47 ergL~1044 erg/s
SHOCK INTERACTIONw. COMPANION
(R and distance of the companion)
Kasen +10
< several hrs
SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM
(mass-loss of the progenitor)
> 10 years
MASS-LOSS
PROGENITORS
SOURCE of ENERGY
…BUT…
RADIATION from the REMNANT
X-rays from Supernovae
Log Time
Log Lx
< hr
< several hrs
SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM
(mass-loss of the progenitor)
> 10 years
MASS-LOSS
SHOCK BREAK OUT(R exploding star)
Δt≈ 2msT≈250 keVE≈3 1041 erg Δt≈ hrs
(@ T0+5hrs)T≈ X-raysE≈1046-47 ergL~1044 erg/s
SHOCK INTERACTIONw. COMPANION
(R and distance of the companion)
Kasen +10
PROGENITORS SOURCE of ENERGY
MASS-LOSSDirect probe of EVOLUTION,Indirect probe of PROGENITORS
SOURCE of ENERGY
Explosion Mechanism
Type Ia SNe, Type Iax , Type Ibc, Type IIb, Strongly interacting SNe, Relativistic SNe, GRB-SNe, Super-Luminous SNe
Type Ia
Relativistic SNe
The PROBLEM
Progenitor System
“…The end is where we start from…”
The Little Gidding by T. S. Eliot
Type Ia SN explosion
?
WD
Two possible answers
?Double Degenerate
(DD)
Single Degenerate(SD)
Exploding star
HIGH-density environment
DIRTY
LOW-density environment
CLEAN “Tra
ditio
nal”
way
of t
hink
ing
Margutti +14
€
ρ =M•
4πR2vw@ R≈1016 cm
SD systems with STEADY mass-loss
SD systems with STEADY mass-loss
Margutti +14
Ruled O
ut
… “It’s black cats in dark rooms”… (S. Firenstein)
Margutti +12; +14
Mar
gutti
+12
; +14
Mar
gutti
+14
… “Its black cats in dark rooms… and there may be no cat in the room” (S. Firenstein)
Symbiotic systems with stable mass-loss are ruled out
MASS-LOSSType Ia
SOURCE of ENERGY
Relativistic SNe
Symbiotic systems with stable mass-
loss are ruled out
TAKE AWAY MESSAGES:
Margutti+14
Radio
Rel SNe
Faint GRBs
In the Radio/optical relativistic SNe looks the same as faint GRBs
X-rays
Relativistic SNe are an intrinsically different class of explosions
GRB Faint GRB Relativistic SN
Fully successful jet
break out
Barely successful
Barely failed
There is some good in every person
JetSN
MASS-LOSSType Ia Symbiotic
systems with stable mass-
loss are ruled out
TAKE AWAY MESSAGES:
SOURCE of ENERGY
Relativistic SNe Jets might be ubiquitous
X-rays from Supernovae
Log Time< few hr > 10 years
SHOCK BREAK OUT(R exploding star)
SHOCK INTERACTIONw. COMPANION
(R and distance of the companion)
SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM(mass-loss of the progenitor)
RADIATION from the REMNANT
(accreting BH, MAGNETAR)
Successful JET
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
Very early observations(DIFFICULT)
Faint(DIFFICULT)
RADIATION from the REMNANT in engine
driven SNe
10-100 days
Log Lx
COOLING ENVELOPE(R envelope)
ACCRETION onto the
progenitor
SN1994I
SN2002ap
GRB/SNe
“Standard”, envelope stripped SN Ibc
Hydrogen-poorSuper Luminous SNe
(M<-21)(e.g. Gal-Yam 2012)
7x1043 erg/s
Super-Luminous SNe
Super-Luminous SNe
MASS-LOSSType Ia
SOURCE of ENERGY
Relativistic SNe
Symbiotic systems with stable mass-
loss are ruled out
TAKE AWAY MESSAGES:
Jets might be ubiquitous
Super-Lum I
X-rays from Supernovae
Log Time< few hr > 10 years
SHOCK BREAK OUT(R exploding star)
SHOCK INTERACTIONw. COMPANION
(R and distance of the companion)
SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM(mass-loss of the progenitor)
RADIATION from the REMNANT
(accreting BH, MAGNETAR)
Successful JET
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
Very early observations(DIFFICULT)
Faint(DIFFICULT)
RADIATION from the REMNANT in engine
driven SNe
10-100 days
Log
Lx
COOLING ENVELOPE(R envelope)
ACCRETION onto the
progenitor
FUTURE
Thanks to the Chandra Team!!
MASS-LOSS
PROGENITORS
SOURCE of ENERGY
< hours
BACK UP
There is some good in every person
Barely successful jet break out
Consistent with hydrodynamical explosion (No need for a jet/engine)
Barely failed jet break out
Fully successful jet break out
JetSN
Type Ia SN2014JHost Galaxy: M82, D=3.5 Mpc
Explosion image
Margutti +14Chandra X-ray images