Infra Red Remote Control
Chapter 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION TO IR REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM :
In modern electronics, electronics remote control system is well
known system. Infrared remote control kit’s available in the market are quite
expensive and it some one wishes to assemble one, their IC’s may not be easily
available. More over for simple ON-OFF function such as controlling a lamp or fan
we do not need very complex circuit.
The IR remote control circuit using photodiode and phototransistor
sensor suffer from major drawback of being affected by ambient light and a very
low range.
The IR remote control circuit described here can be used for any
simple ON-OFF function. This system has memories application than other remote
control system.
The advantage is that this circuit is absolutely free form ambient light
interference and provides control range of any to focusing lens.
The components use in this system is in so convenient manner that
whole assemble is easier to built. This reduce complex city of the system.
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Infra Red Remote Control
The advantage of this circuit lies in the fact that it can easily be
converted into a multichannel remote control system. The system comprise two
unit transmitter, Receiver Both transmitter and receiver can be assembled on a
general purpose PCB.
Transmitter section consist of power supply, on oscillator and in
output stage including IR LEDS in the transmitter section IC 555 is wired as an a
stable multivibrator with a Centre frequency of about 36 KHZ. The transmitter is
powered from a GP 22 size gv. battery.
The receiver uses IR sensor module which is commonly used in
colour T.V. for sening IR Singal from transmitter section. The IR singal from the
transmitter sensed by sensor and it’s output at pin and goes low which is in turn
switch on transistor T1 (BC 557) consequently capacitors start charging through
resister R5, when voltage across capacitor C8 reaches about 3.5V IC 2 (Decade
counter 4017) receive a clock pulse at pin 14 and it’s output at pin 2 goes high. This
result in forward biasing of transistor to (be 148) which energies a really connected
at it’s collector.
The output of IC 2 (pin 2) is also used for lighting LED, indicating
presence of singal for this circutary 12 v-0-12v 25 mA transformer is used for
supplying the power & IC 7805 is used for 5 v regulation purpose at it’s output.
This regulated 5 v output is given to receiver section (4017).
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Infra Red Remote Control
Chapter 2
CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION
The IR remote control circuit described here can be used for any
simple ON-OFF function. The advantage is that this circuit is absolutely free from
ambient light interference and provides control range about 10 metres without the
use of any focusing lens.
DISCRIPTION :
Block diagram of the circuit is shown in Figure. Transmitter section
consists of a power supply, an oscillator and an output stage, where as the receiver
section comprises power supply, an infrared detector module, time delay circuit
with noise filter, bistable flip flop and a output section. The complete schematic
diagrams of the transmitter and receiver sections are shown in Figures respectively.
In the transmitter section ICI (555) is wired as a stable multi-vibrator
with a center frequency of about 36 KHZ. When switch SI is pressed, the circuit
gets energized. Output of ICI is a square wave. The two infrared LEDS connected
at its output transmit IR beams modulated at the same frequency (36 KHZ). The
oscillator frequency can be shifted slightly by adjusting preset VRI.
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Infra Red Remote Control
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Infra Red Remote Control
The receiver uses an infrared sensor module which is commonly used
in colour television for sensing the IR signals from the transmitter section. The
sensor module shown is figure incorporates a detector diode, an SMD ( surface
mounted device) IC which consists of a band pass filter, an amplifier and a
demodulator on a small PCB placed inside a small tin cube enclosure to get rid of
unwanted electromagnetic interference.
When switch S 1 on the transmitter is pressed, the IR LEDs radiate IR
beams with a modulating frequency of 36 KHZ. It may be noted that the IR LEDS
are directly driven by the 555 timer output, and no series current limiting resistor is
used with them. This is because at the high operating frequency, the internal
resistance of the battery and the independence offered by the wires and components
leads are enough to keep the average LED current within its specifications.
The IR signal from the transmitter is sensed by the sensor and its
output at pin 2 goes low. This in turn switches on transistor T1, consequently
capacitor C8 start charging through register R5.
When voltage across capacitor C8 reaches about 3.5 V IC2 receives a
clock pulse at pin 14 and its output at pin 2 goes high. This results in forward
basing of transistor T2, which on conduction energises relay RLI connected at its
collector. The output of IC 2 (pin 2) is also used for lighting LED1, indicating
presence of signal.
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Infra Red Remote Control
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Infra Red Remote Control
When no signal is available, output of the sensor module goes high
and transistor T1 is switched OFF. Now capacitor C8 starts discharging through
resistor R6 and voltage across it gradually decreases to Zero. When another signal
arrives after about 300 ms, capacitor C8 again charges through resistor R5 and pin
14 of IC2 gets another clock pulse. But as Q2 output of IC2 is connected to its reset
pin 15 through diode D4, the output at pin 2 toggles. That is, IC2 works as a
bistable flip-flop.
If another pulse arrives from the transmitter before a delay of about
300 ms with respect to previous one. Transistor T1 again turns on and voltage
across capacitor C8 cannot fall below 1.5 V, i.e., the V1 value (the maximum input
voltage required to sense a logical low by IC2). Hence, the output of IC2 does not
change, as there is no low to high transition. This feature prevents false triggering
due to switch bouncing and other such reasons. The same resistor capacitor (R5,
C8) network provides immunity against IR noise from other sources. This is
explained below.
If an unwanted signal with the same modulating frequency as that of
the transmitter happens to arrive at the sensor its output will go low and IC2 would
have charged its output state. But, fortunately, the noise signals are of very short
duration, and hence they cannot interfere with the circuit. Because, within this short
time period capacitor C8 cannot charge to a voltage equal to Vh value (i.e., the
minimum input voltage required to a sense logical high by IC 2) through resistor
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Infra Red Remote Control
R5, and so these noise pulses do not have any effect on the circuit. However,
sustained noise with modulating frequency equal to that of the transmitter will, of
course, change the output. But the chances of the same happening are very remote.
This can be easily understood from the waveforms shown in Figure.
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Infra Red Remote Control
Chapter 3
COMPONENT STUDY
A) DIODE :-
A P-N junction is known as semiconductor diode or crystal diode.
Symbol
A K
The property of a crystal diode is to conduct to current in one
direction only. A crystal diode can be represented by a symbol shown in figure.
The arrow in the symbol indicate the direction of conventional current flow a
crystal diode. It has two terminal anode and cathode. If anode of diode is positive
w.r. to cathode the diode is forward bias. If anode of diode is negative w.r. to
cathode diode is set to be under reverse bias condition.
B) LED :- (Light emitting diode )
Symbol :
A K
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Infra Red Remote Control
The LED is a PN junction device which emits distant when a current
passes through in the forward direction. (i.e. when LED is forward bias). The
charde carrier recombination occurs at a PN junction as electrons cross from N side
and recombines with holes on the P side. When recombination takes place the
charge carrier give up energy in the form of heat and light. If the semi conducting
material is translucent, the light is emitted and junction becomes the source of light.
C) INFRARED EMITTERS :-
Symbol :
A K
If the PN junction results from a diffusion in Gallium Arsenide
(GaAs) transient energy is infrared with a typical peak of 9000 A. This ideally
matches the response of silicon photodiodes and phototransistors.
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Infra Red Remote Control
D) DECADE COUNTER IC 4017 :-
CD4017BC is a 5 stage divide by 10 johnson counter with 10 decoded
outputs and a carry out bit. This counter is cleared to these zero count, by a logical
“1” on their reset line. These counters are advanced on the positive edge of the
clock signal when the clock enable signal is in the logical “0” state.
The configuration of the CD4017BC permits medium speed operation
and assures a hazard free counting sequence. The 10/8 decoded outputs are
normally in the logical “0” state and go to the logical “1” state only at their
respective time slot. Each decoded output remains high for 1 full clock cycle. The
carryout signal completes a full cycle for every 10/8 clock input cycles and is used
as a ripple carry signal to any succeeding stages.
FEATURES :
* Wide supply voltage range 3.0 V to 15 V
* High noise immunity 0.45 VDD (typ.)
* Low power Fan out of 2 driving 74L.
TTL Compatibility or 1 driving 74LS
* Medium speed operation 5.0 MHZ (typ.) with 10 V
VDD
* Low power 10 u W (typ.)
*Fully static operation
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Infra Red Remote Control
APPLICATIONS :
* Automotive
* Instrumentation
* Medical electronics
* Alarm systems
* Industrial electronics.
* Remote metering.
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Infra Red Remote Control
IR SENSOR :
The receiver uses an infrared sensor module which is commonly used
in colour television for sensing the IR signals from the transmitter section. The
sensor module shown in Figure incorporates a detector diode, an SMD ( surface
mounted device ) IC which consists of a band pass filter, an amplifier and a
demodulator on a small pcb placed inside a small tin cube enclosure to get rid of
unwanted electromagnetic interference.
Photodiodes and phototransistors are often used as the sensing
elements at the receiver end of an optodata transfer system, such as a light-beam
switch or alarm or remote control system, etc., in which data is sent to the receiver
via an opto carrier wave.
In such applications, to signal reaching the photosensor may at some
times be very weak and at other times very strong. Also, the sensor may be
subjected to a great deal of noise in the form of unwanted light ( visible or invisible)
signals, etc. Top help minimize these problems, the link is usually operated in the
infrared range, and the opto sensor output is passed to processing circuitry, viz., a
low noise pre amplifier with a wide dynamic operating range. Figure show typical
examples of such circuits, using photodiode sensors.
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Infra Red Remote Control
The circuit is designed for use with a 36 KHZ. carrier wave, and tuned
circuit L1-C1-C2 is wired in series with D1 and damped by R1 to provide the
necessary frequency selective low noise action. The output signals are taped off at
the C1-C2 junction and then amplified by Q1 and then this amplified signal will
demodulated using detector diode and the output we get a original signal which we
transmitted.
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Infra Red Remote Control
Chapter 4
PARTLIST
Semiconductors :-
IC1 : 555 timer
IC2 : 4017 decade counter
IC3 : 7805 voltage regulator
T1 : BC557 pnp transistor
T2 : BC148 npn transistor
D1-D3 : IN4001 rectifier diode
D4 : IN4148 switching diode
LED1 : Red LED
Resistors :-
( all ¼ watt, ± 5% carbon, unless stated otherwise )
R1, R5 : 4.7 Kilo-ohm
R2, R4, R8 : 10 Kilo-0hm
R3 : 100 ohm
R6 : 470 Kilo-ohm
R7 : 220 Kilo-ohm
R9 : 1 Kilo-ohm
VR 1 : 10 Kilo-ohm
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Infra Red Remote Control
Capacitors :-
C1 : 10 µF, 16 V electrolytic
C2 : 0.001 µF ceramic disc
C3 : 0.01 µF ceramic disc
C4 : 1000 µF, 25 electrolytic
C5, C9 : 0.1 µF ceramic disc
C6 : 100 µF, 16 V electrolytic
C7 : 47 µF, 16 V electrolytic
C8 : 1 µF, 16 V electrolytic
C10 : 2.2 µF, 16 V electrolytic
Miscellaneous :-
XI : 230 V primary to 9 V-0-9V
250 mA secondary transformer
B1 : 9V battery
S1 : Push to on switch
RL1 : Infrared LEDs
Infrared sensor module.
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Infra Red Remote Control
Chapter 5
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES :
i) The circuit is absolutely free from ambient light.
ii) It’s provide control range at about 10 meter.
iii) It is a cheaper.
iv) It is not a complex circuit.
v) The component’s are easily available in the market.
vi) It can easily be converted into a multi channel remote control system.
vii) Noise pulse do not have any effect on the circuit.
DISADVANTAGES :
i) IR LED are costly.
ii) IR sensor is costly.
iii) This circuit only work as an ON-OFF another circuit.
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Infra Red Remote Control
CONTENTS
SR.NO PARTICULARSPAGE
NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION 3
3 COMPONENT STUDY 9
4 PARTLIST 15
5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 17
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Infra Red Remote Control
The completion of project report on "INFRA RED REMOTE
CONTROL" has given us immense pleasure and knowledge.
Obligations were heavy during our project work and it is a great
pleasure to acknowledge deep sense of gratitude to our guide Prof. R.G.
Chavan (H.O.D.) for his valuable guidance, advice, positive criticism,
suggestion and constant encouragement throughout the project.
We would like to thanks sincerely to all the staff members of
Electronics Department and our friends for their help and guidance during this
task.
Last but not least we are thankful to all of them who directly or
indirectly helped us in computing this report successfully.
Mr. Pankaj M. More Mr. Rahul H. Chaudhari
Mr. Rajikshah Chandshah Shah Final Yr. B.Sc. ( Electronics)
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