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NURSINGJURISPRUDENCE
BY: ATTY DEIRDREE CODAMON- GALLMAN, RN
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NURSING
JURISPRUDENCE- department of law which comprise
all legal rules and principlesaffecting the practice of nursing.
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NURSING LEGISLATION the making of laws, or the body of
laws already affecting the practiceof nursing.
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LAW a rule of civil
conduct
prescribed by thesupreme power ina statecommanding
what is right andprohibiting whatis wrong.
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LEGAL RIGHT a claim which can
be enforced by
legal meansagainst a personwhose duty is torespect it.
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COURT MECHANISM:
LAWSUIT-
proceeding incourt for apurpose.
Purpose:
1. to enforce a right2. to redress a
wrong
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Q:If you think that a person hasdone something seriously wrong toyou, the correct action to do get
redress for the injury received is to:
A. systematically plan on how to
have a vindication for thedamage done
B. file a lawsuit against theperson for damage
C. hire someone to take revengefor you
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Parties to cases: Civil case- Complainant/ defendant
Criminal case- Plaintiff/ accused
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Q: The person who institutes
legal proceeding is called:
A. Plaintiff
B. respondent C. defendant
D. Accused
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Q:A hospital filed a case of damagesagainst nurse for breach of contract.
Who is the nurse in the case?
A. complainant
B. accused C. defendant
D. plaintiff
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STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS- the length of time following the
event during which the plaintiffmay file a suit.
Example: negligence- filed within2-3 years from occurrence.
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DUE PROCESS is a fair and
orderly processwhich aims toprotect andenforce a
persons right.
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FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS OF DUEPROCESS:
1. Right to
be informed
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2. Right to remain silent
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3. Right to a competent
counsel
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4. No use of violence, threat,
torture
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PRE-TRIAL- eliminate matters notin dispute, agree on issues or settleprocedural matters.
TRIAL- facts are presented and
determined; law applied at theend.
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SUMMONS- is a writ commandingan authorized person to notify aparty to appear in court to answera complaint made against him.
WARRANT- presented by an
arresting officer
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SUBPOENA- is an order thatrequires a person to attend at aspecific time and place to testify asa witness.
SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM- is a
subpoena that requires a witnessto bring documents/ papers in hispossession.
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A process whereby the BON only compel thepersonal attendance of a witness to bring withhim to the court books, papers and the like to
elucidate the matters in issue:
a.
Warrantb. Subpoena
c. Subpoena duces tecum
d. Summons
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WITNESS- person giving
necessary details
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Nurses as witness:
Could not divulge PRIVILEGEDCOMMUNICATION in a civil case- meansthat the nurse is incompetent to testify on thecommunications made to him by the patients,all the device given and all the informationgathered by observation during the seal of secrecy.
Exceptions:1. criminal case2. with the patients consent3. patient sued doctor for damages
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Q:For privileged communication in thedoctor, the nurse and the patient, the seal
of secrecy:
a. forever remains until removed bypatient
b. may be broken upon death of thepatient
c. may be disclosed when the patient is
insane
d. all of the above
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Testimonies of Facts- factualinformation
no opinion unless an expert witness
PERJURY- is the willful telling of a lieunder oath.
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HEARSAY EVIDENCE- rumors, not admissible in evidence
DYING DECLARATION or ANTEMORTEM STATEMENTS- consideredhearsay unless the dying person is a
victim of a crime.
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APPEALS- review of the case byappellate court and when decided by it,
the final judgment results and matter isended.
EXECUTION OF JUDGMENT
Failure to comply means contempt ofcourt
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FELONIES acts or omissions
punishable by law.
Elements:
1. Deceit-( dolo)
2. Fault-(culpa) -
due to imprudence,negligence or lack of foresight/ skill
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Q: A crime can be committed
with the element of culpa if: A. the person committed the crime
because of ignorance of the law
B. the person knows the action is acrime and he chooses to do it
C. the person committed the crime
because he lacked the competency toact correctly
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Stages of felonies1. Consummated all elements executed,
with successful result
2. Frustrated all elements executedbut no successful result
3. Attempted not all elementsexecuted, nosuccessful result
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Degree of Felonies
degree penalty finegrave Capital
punishment or
>6yrs & 1 day
above P6k
Less grave 1 month and 1 day to 6 years
not > P 6 Kbut not<P200
Light felony 1 day to 30days
fine not >
P 200
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Q: If the penalty is the deathpenalty, what is the degree of the
felony?
A. grave
B. less grave
C. light felony
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Q: If the fine is exactly P200.,
what is the degree?
A. grave
B. less grave
C. light felony
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CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONSCRIMINALLY LIABLE:
1. PRINCIPAL
a. By directparticipation-doer of the act
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b. By inducement-directly force orinduce others
c. By cooperation- indispensable
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2. ACCOMPLICE-a person who cooperates
accessory before the fact- absent at the time crime is committed.
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3. ACCESSORY accessory after the fact
a. Profits
b. Conceals/ destroys evidence
c. Assists in the escape of the principal
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Situation: Danaya is two-monthspregnant. Her parents do not know
this. Danaya informed her friend Alena about the problem. Alenareferred Danaya to Pirena , an
abortionist. Danaya had anabortion.
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If those involved will be chargedlegally, who is considered as the
principal?
a. Danaya b.Alena
c. Pirena d. None of them
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Who is considered as anaccomplice?
a. Danaya b.Alena
c. Pirena d. None of them
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If during the investigation, thepieces of evidence were not found
because Gurna the maid of Pirenaburned it. Gurna is consider as:
a. accomplice b. accessory
c. principal d. co-principal
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A nurse is liable as an accomplice inan abortion if she:
a. Assist in the escape of the offender
b. Refers the pregnant mother to theabortionist
c. Conceals the evidence of the crimed. None of these
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Circumstances
affecting criminalliability
J-E-M-A-A
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JUSTIFYINGJUSTIFYING SELFSELF--DEFENSEDEFENSE
Unlawful aggressionUnlawful aggression
Reasonable necessityReasonable necessity
Lack of sufficient provocationLack of sufficient provocation
Fulfillment of DutyFulfillment of Duty
Obedience to an order from superiorObedience to an order from superior Order must be lawfulOrder must be lawful
Superior acting within the scope ofSuperior acting within the scope ofpracticepractice
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EXEMPTINGEXEMPTING Insane/imbecile
Performance of a lawful act causesinjury by mere accident
Under 9 y/o
Under compulsion of uncontrollableforce
Under impulse of uncontrollable fear
Failure to perform an act required bylaw when prevented by some lawful
cause
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MITIGATINGMITIGATING UUnder 18y/o or over 70 y/onder 18y/o or over 70 y/o
NNo intention to commit so grave ao intention to commit so grave awrongwrong
SSufficient provocation/threat precedingufficient provocation/threat precedingthe actthe act
IImmediate vindication of a gravemmediate vindication of a graveoffenseoffense
V Voluntary surrenderoluntary surrender
DDeaf & dumb/ with physical defecteaf & dumb/ with physical defect
SSuffer from such illness that diminishesuffer from such illness that diminishes
willpowerwillpower
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AGGRAVATING AGGRAVATING TTreachery/taking advantage ofreachery/taking advantage ofsuperior strength or positionsuperior strength or position
PPrice, reward, promiserice, reward, promise
UUse of fire, poison, explosionse of fire, poison, explosion
CCalamitiesalamities
CCraft, fraud or disguiseraft, fraud or disguiseemployedemployed
EEvident Premeditationvident Premeditation
CCrueltyruelty
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ALTERNATIVE ALTERNATIVE May increase/ decrease criminalMay increase/ decrease criminal
liability depending on the natureliability depending on the nature
and effects of the crimeand effects of the crime
Relationship
Intoxication
Degree of instruction/ education
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DRILLS1. Under compulsion of
uncontrollable force
2. There is sufficient provocation
3. Act is committed with abuse ofconfidence
4. Fulfillment of a duty
5. Offender is over 70 years old
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6. Voluntary surrender
7. Disguise be employed
8. Defense of a stranger
9. Acts under the impulse of anuncontrollable fear
10. Offender is insane
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Q: Premeditating to commit a
crime is considered as:
A. justifying
B. mitigating
C. aggravating
D. exempting
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Q: When the defendant kills
someone accidentally:
A. justifying
B. exempting
C. aggravating
D. mitigating
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CRIMES
CONCERNINGTHE NURSE
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-the victim or
offender is the 1. father
2. mother
3. brothers/sisters
4. ascendants 5. descendants
6. spouse
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The killing of another humanbeing
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-The killing of another human being withany of the aggravating circumstances
provided by law.
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treachery
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- the killing of an
infant less than
three days
or 72 hours.
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ACTS OF LASCIVIOUSNESS
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MALICIOUS MISCHIEF
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PHYSICAL INJURIES1. Serious Physical
Injuries
2. Less SeriousPhysical Injuries
3. Slight PhysicalInjuries
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ANTI- RAPE LAW (R A 8353)
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I.
A. MARITAL RAPE
B. STATUTORYRAPE
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II. Anyone who inserts his penis intothe oral orifice of another by force
is liable under this law.
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III. Anyone whoinserts anything
into the analorifice or genitaliaof another isliable under this
law.
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ROBBERY- Anyone who gets
the personal
property ofanother with theuse offorce,violence or
intimidation.
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THEFT-anyone who gets
the personal
property ofanother withoutthe latterspermission.
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ASSAULT- imminent threat
of harmful/
offensive bodycontact
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BATTERY- intentional,
unconsented
touching ofanother person.
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ILLEGAL DETENTION/ FALSE
IMPRISONMENT- Deprive another
of his freedom of
movement or space.
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Patient restraint
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SIMULATION OF BIRTH 1. Pretend that
a woman gave
birth
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2. Substitution orexchanging of
babies in thenursery
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3. intentionallyputting wrong
information inthe birthregistration
form
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DEFAMATION1. Slander- oral
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2. Libel- written
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Q: The nurse writes the following note inthe clients chart The physician isincompetent because he ordered thewrong drug dosage.This statementmay lead to a charge of:
a. Assault
b. slander
c. libel
d. Invasion of privacy
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MISDEMEANOR An act less than a felony.
Q: A person uses the license of
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Q: A person uses the license ofanother person to practice nursing.
Liable for What?
A. negligence
B. malpractice
C. misdemeanor
D. invasion of privacy
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DRILLS1. A student nurse is overheard
talking in the cafeteria about a
client and his suicidal tendencies.2. A nurse asks a client why he chose
Dr. Smith for her physician when
this doctor is always rude to thestaff.
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3. A client is told he must pay theremainder of his medical bill before he
can leave the facility.4. A nurse told the client that she will
inject her with sedatives if he does notcooperate.
5. A nurse forcibly opened the mouth of apedia patient and gave his medication.
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8. A nurse gives a potent injectionof morphine to a patient causing
his death.9. A nurse poisons his client to endhis life.
10. A patient died because of wrongmedication given.
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GUIDELINES TO PREVENT
CRIMINAL LIABILITY:1. Be very familiar with the
Philippine Nursing law
2. Be familiar with the laws affectingnursing practice
3. Know agency rules, regulations,
policies4. Upgrade skills and competence
Q T d kill
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Q:To upgrade your skills, you
must: A. enrol in the graduate school
B. be a member of the PNA
C. attend seminars and trainings
D. renew license
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5. Develop good IPR with co-workers6. Consult superior as needed7. Verify vague/ erroneous orders8. Always keep doctor updated regarding
patient9. Ensure accurate recording and
reporting
10. Get informed consent11. Do not delegate responsibilities to
others
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LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
CHARTING:1. Dont tamper with
medical records-(ARD)adding,rewriting anddestroying originalrecord
2. Observe agencysstandards ondocumentation
complete, concise,specific, usestandardabbreviation
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TIPS FOR AVOIDING LEGAL
PITFALLS:1. Patient Falls
do proper assessment
appropriate assistance use protective measures
document all nursing
interventions
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2. Medicationerrors
observe 7 Rs of drug
administration Check drs order Understand the
medication you willadminister
Consult drug
handbook/ pharmacy Not exempt from
liability for followingdrs order
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A co-nurse confided that she has givena medication to the wrong patient.What will you do?
a. advise her to report the incident to the headnurse
b. advise her to keep quiet about what happened
c. accompany her to the head nurse to report the incident d. report her immediately to the head nurse
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3. Equipmentinjuries
refuse to use a devicenot know how to operate
report adverse events
to superiors
monitor patient regularly
bring questionable
orders to the attention
of the doctor or superior
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Failure to communicate promptly report
changes in the
patientssymptoms andsigns of distressto the Dr
properdocumentation
of allassessmentsand telephoneconversations
with the Dr
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3. Void or inexistent- inexistent from thevery beginning therefore may not be
enforced. Ex: contrary to law.4. Illegal - expressly prohibited by law
like obtained through fraud, undueinfluence or duress.
5. Voidable/annullable- one of the partiesis incapable of giving consent
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5. Formal- agreement among partiesand is required to be in writing by
special laws. Ex: marriage, Deed ofsale
6. Informal- concluded as a result of
a written document where the lawdoes not require the same to be inwriting.
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Q: A nurse and a pregnant woman agreed
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p g gthat the nurse will do home delivery for a
fee. What type of contract?
A. informal
B. implied
C. expressed
D. formal
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The following constitute breach
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The following constitute breach
of contract for nursing service:1. Prevention of performance
2. Failure of performance because of
inconvenience or difficulty
3. Abandonment of duty
4. Substitution of performance
Legal excuses in refusing or
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Legal excuses in refusing or
failure to perform a contract:1. Discovery of material
misrepresentation
2. Where performance will be illegal3. Impossible by reason of illness
4. Impossible by death of patient or
nurse5. Made for other reasons
6. Contract is insufficient
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Will an act whereby a
person ispermitted with
formalities of lawto control tocertain degree thedisposition of a
state to takeeffect after hisdeath.
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DECEDENT- person whose property is
transmitted through succession.
TESTATOR- a decedent who left a will
HEIR- a person called to succession
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TYPES OF SUCCESSION:
1. Testate- a person dies leaving a
will.
2. Intestate- a person dies withoutleaving a will.
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TWO KINDS
1. Notarial will- acknowledged before a
notary public, with attestation clause
2. Holographic will- entirely written,dated and signed in the handwriting of
the testator
:
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Bakekang, 59 years old, is sufferingfrom a debilitating disease but ofsound mind. She has asked you to help
her make a will. How should yourespond to the situation?a. let her dictate and write for herb. call her intended beneficiaries as witnesses
c. assist patient to consult a legal officerd. refuse request since it is not your duty
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2. Note that the will is signed by the
testator.
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3. Note that the witnesses shall bepresent at the time and sign in the
presence of testator.
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GIFTS MORTIS CAUSA
disposing of giftsby a person in
anticipation ofdeath/ belief inapproachingdeath.
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Limitations:
1. limited to personal properties
2. acceptance by the recipient
3. gifts are revocable and subject tothe claims of creditors without
proof of intent of defrauding them
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BOARD QUESTIONS:
1. The nurse out of pity unhooked
the patient from a respirator. Thepatient died after 15 minutes. Thistype of felony is:
a. consummatedb. frustrated
c. attempted
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4. When a politician takes advantageof his power in the performance
of unlawful actions, this isconsidered as:
a. justifying circumstance
b. exempting circumstancec. mitigating circumstance
d. aggravating circumstance
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BOARD QUESTIONS:1. A client in a long term care facility refuses to
take his oral medications. The nurse threatensthe client and tells him that, if the medicationisnt taken, restraints will be applied. Thenurses statement constitutes which legal tort?
a. assaultb. batteryc. negligenced. right to refuse treatment
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2. The nurse is at risk for lawsuit. Which of thefollowing actions will shield her frompossible lawsuits?
1. knowledge and implementation of standardsof care
2. documentation of actions accurately andconcisely
3. document outcome of care
4. following all doctors order
a. 1,2,4 b. 2 & 3 c. 1,2,3 d. 2,3,4
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4. If that nurse divulges theinformation that she is caring for
the child of a patient withsexually transmitted disease, shecan be liable for:
a. libelb. slander
c. tort
d. invasion of privacy
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6. Should the accusation be writtenin the newsletter of the hospital,
such liability is a:a. assault
b. libel
c. slanderd. battery
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