8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
1/20
1CTEC Training Offer
Days 1+2 - Learning Objectives At the end of the 2 days the trainee shall be able to :
determine for gas mixtures,
using the appropriate gas laws gas density
mixture molecular weight
conert from mass fraction to olume fraction
and ice ersa
read a psychrometric chart
perform manual process measurements
related to gases !T, p, ", , gas composition#
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
2/20
2CTEC Training Offer
Day 1 : Gas Fundamentals and Basics Morning ession Exercises
$deal gas
%as density &ass fraction
'i(e of a dust collector
)ater apor
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
3/20
*CTEC Training Offer
!"e #$deal Gas La%&
p + n - T p + . T constant
po 1/1*,20 mbar
To 23*,10 45
- 6,*1771 8.!mole95#
ereinafter ;m< refers to po and To
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
4/20
7CTEC Training Offer
'(ercise - $deal Gas La%)uestion The flow rate of gas in a =iln stac= is 123 *// mC and a relatie negatie
pressure of 0/ mbar9
Calculate that flow rate at normal conditions9
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
5/20
?CTEC Training Offer
$n*luence o* t"e ltitude$f absolute pressure aailable O5
$f not O5 call the weather serice for the absolute pressure
related to sea leel or use a barometer in plant
to correct with altitude
5,255
t273,15
h0,00651o p p
+×
−=
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
6/20
3CTEC Training Offer
'(ercise - Gas Density - )uestion Calculate the density of air at 1//>C and a relatie
negatie pressure of 23 mbar9
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
7/20@CTEC Training Offer
Gas Density)arning
"or minor components use alues from standard tables, because
they are not ideal gas9
This mainly concerns 'O2:
'O2 & ?7,/? g.mole
ρo 2,606 =g.;m<
$n tables ρo 2,@2 =g.;m<
B se standard tables for enironmental calculations
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
8/201/CTEC Training Offer
'(ercise - Mass Fraction - )uestion
The following gas composition, on olume basis, was
measured at the bac= of a =iln9 Calculate it on mass
basis9 O2 : 2,@@D Ar : /,37DCO2 : */,11D 'O2 : 1?// ppm
;2 : ?2,16D 2O : *,62D
lease remember
Dolume Dmole !1 =mole 22,717 ;m
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
9/2012CTEC Training Offer
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
10/201*CTEC Training Offer
'(ercise - i,e o* a Dust ollector -
)uestionThe ent air system of a clin=er cooler is designed to handle
2// /// mC and relatie negatie pressure 2/ mbar
!system A#9
)hat would be the si(e of a dust collector, in term of filtering area,for that ent system, assuming a 0D !by mass# air inlea=age
with a airFtoFcloth ratio of 1,2 mC
and inlet pressure of 3 mbar9
Cooler Hag "ilter
J0D 22/ 4CK F3 mbar 2///// m
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
11/2017CTEC Training Offer
Day 1 : Gas Fundamentals and Basics Morning ession Exercises
)ater apor
+apor pressure M umidity New point temperature
)etFHulb M NryFHulb temperatures
sychrometric chart
Exercise 2 : Calculation of the dew point
temperature after the water spray
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
12/2010CTEC Training Offer
.a/or 0ressure and umidity 13 +apor ressure
%as
iPuid
pgas +apor ressure f!T#
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
13/201?CTEC Training Offer
.a/or 0ressure 4 umidity 23 artial pressure in a gas mixture
$n a gas mixture
Total gas pressure 'um of partial gas pressure artial gas pressure for gas i
pi xi 9 pgas
where
xi D !olumemole# of gas i in gas mixture
pgas total gas pressure
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
14/2013CTEC Training Offer
.a/or 0ressure 4 umidity 53 Condensation
%as !T, p# Condensation, whenpi B p !T#
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
15/2016CTEC Training Offer
.a/or 0ressure 4 umidity 63 -elatie humidity: -atio of the mole fraction of water apor to mole fraction of
apor in a saturated water.gas mixture at this temperature and
pressure
-atio of partial pressure of water in mixture to the saturationapor pressure
umidity ratio !absolute humidity#: -atio of the mass of water apor to the mass of dry gas
gasdrykg
O2
Hkg2
gasdry
O H
m
m=ω
( ) pT p
p
n
n
v
O H
saturated O H
O H
,2
2
2 ==φ
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
16/201@CTEC Training Offer
De% 0oint !em/erature The temperature at which apor condenses if a gas is
cooled at constant pressure
The saturation temperature corresponding to the actual
apor pressure
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
17/202/CTEC Training Offer
7et-Bulb 4 Dry-Bulb !em/eratures To measure humidity in air
NryFbulb thermometer: air temperature
)etFbulb thermometer: bulb coered with cotton wic=
saturated with water Air flowing on the bulb eaporates water
Temperature drops from heat transfer from bulb to water
Eaporation depends on air moisture content
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
18/2021CTEC Training Offer
?7>C dry bulb
70>C wet bulb
/9/03 =g water.=g dry air
2@93D relatie humidity⇒
0syc"rometric "art
2/>C )H
*/>C )H
7/>C )H
70>C )H
0/>C )H
00>C )H1//D relatie
humidity
0/D
20D
1/D0D relatie
humidity
/9//
/9/1
/9/2
/9/*
/9/7
/9/0/9/?
/9/3
/9/6
/9/@
/91/
2/ */ 7/ 0/ ?/ 3/ 6/ @/ 1// 11/ 12/
Dry bulb !em/erature 83
M o i s t u r e c o n t e n t 2 9 g : 9 g d r y a i r 3
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
19/2022CTEC Training Offer
NryFbulb temperature !>C# 6/ 12/
)etFbulb temperature !>C# 70 70
umidity !=g.=g dry air#
New point temperature !>C#
'(ercise 1 - 0syc"rometric "art)uestion New point temperature: temperature where humidity in
a gas starts to condense9
)etFbulb temperature: temperature resulting fromeaporatie cooling of the bulb
8/19/2019 31003539 M2 GasFundBasics KW
20/20
'(ercise 2 - alculation o* t"e De% 0oint !The rocess Engineer was able to determine the
gas conditions at the bac= of a long dry =iln:
13 Flo%rate: ;