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Japanese Vocabulary related to Calendar
Month
Month
Week
day of a week
Gatsu/ GestuIchigatsu
NigatsuSangatsuShigatsu
Gogatsu
RokugatsuNanagatsu/ Shichigatsu
Hachigatsu
KugatsuJyugatsu
Jyuichigatsu
Jyunigatsu
JanuaryFebruary
MarchAprilMay
June
JulyAugust
September
ctober
No!ember
"ecember
#oubiShyuu
NichiyoubiGetsuyoubiKaiyoubi
Suiyoubi
Mokuyoubi
Kinyoubi
"oyoubi
$eek
Sun%ayMon%ay&ues%ay
$e%nes%ay
&hurs%ayFri%ay
Satur%ay
Vocabulary related to family &
Relations
haha'kaasan ' Mother(hichi'tousan ' Father
Sobo'baasan ' Gran%mother
So)u'*iisan ' Gran%)atherImouto'Imoutosan ' #ounger Sister
touto'toutosan ' #ounger +rother
Ani'niisan ' ,l%er +rother
Ane'neesan ' ,l%er SisterMusume'Musumesan ' "uaghter
Musuko'Musukosan ' Son*i'*isan' -ncle
ba'basan' Aunt
&suma'kusan' $i)e
tto 'Goshyu*in' Husban%
Vocabulary for Colors
Iro . (olorAkai . Re%
Aoi . +lue
Shiroi . $hiteKuroi . +lack
Kiiroi . #ello
(hyairo . +ron
Haiiro ' Grey"ai%aiiro . range
Mi%ori . GreenKimi%ori . 0ight Green
Mi1uiro . 0ight +lue
Murasaki . 2urple
Momoiro ' 2ink
Vocabulary for Direction or Location
-e . -p
Shita . "onKoko . HereSoko . &here
Asoko . &hat o!er there
Migi . Right
Hi%ari . 0e)t&onari . +esi%es3 Ne4t to
Mae . Front
-shiro . +ehin%
(hikai . Nearby#oko . Si%e
&ooi . FarMasuugu . StraightHigashi . ,ast
Nishi . $est
Minami . South
Kita . North
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Vocabulary for Food
Ryori . )oo%Shyoku*i . Meal
Gohan . (ooke% Rice/ Meal
Asagohan . +reak)astHirugohan . 0unch
+angohan . "inner
#asai . 5egetable
Ku%amono . Fruits
&oriniku . (hicken+utaniku . 2ork
Gyuniku . +ee)
Gyunyu . Milk&abemono . ,atables
Nomimono . "rinkables
Vocabulary related to Rooms
"ai%okoro . Kitchen
Ima . 0i!ing roomShinshitsu . +e%room
Heya . Room
Genkan . ,ntrance
&oire . +athroom
Kabe . $all
&en*ou . (eiling
Nia . Gar%en#uka . Floor
Ma%o . $in%o
Vocabulary related to ime
&okei . $atch
Ji . 6clock/ HourJihan . Hal) an Hour
Jikan . &ime "uration
Fun/+un/2un . Minutes
Gogo . p7mGo1en . a7m
Asa . Morning
Hiru . A)ternoon+an . ,!ening
#oru . Night
Kesa . &o%ay MorningAshita . &omorro
Kyou . &o%ay
Kinou . #ester%ay
Assatte . "ay a)ter tomorrototoi . "ay be)ore yester%ay
Vocabulary related to Weather
&enki . (limate#ouhou . Forecast
Hare . Sunny
Kumori . (lou%y
n%o . &emperature#uki . Sno
Ame . Rain
Kaminari . &hun%erKiri . Fog
Ka1e . $in%
Arashi . Storm
Vocabulary related to Vehicle
"enshya . &rainShinkansen . +ullet &rain
Jitensha . +icycle
Sanrinsha . &rycycle
Kuruma ' (arJi%ousha . (ar
&akushi . &a4i
otobai . Motorcycle(hikatetsu . Subay
Hikouki . Airplane
Fune . ShipKisha . Steam &rain
Hansen . Sailing +oat
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Vocabulary related to famili &
Relations
Ko%omo . (hil%
Ryoushin . 2arentsKa1oku . Family
Kyou%ai . siblings
Shinseki . Relati!esItoko . (ousin
Vocabulary for the seasons
Shiki . Four Seasons o) Japan
Haru . Spring
Natsu . SummerAki . Autumn
Fuyu . $inter
Vocabulary for !ody "arts
Kara%a .+o%y
Me . ,ye
Atama . Hea%Mimi . ,ar
Kami . Hair#ubi . Finger
Kao . Face
Mayu . ,yebroHitai . Forehea%
Mabuta . ,yeli%
Mastuge . ,yelash
Kuchi . MounthHana . Nose
Ha . &eeth
Kuchibiru . 0ipNo%o . &hroat
Shita . &ongue
Ago . JaKata . Shoul%er
-%e . Arm
Kubi . Neck
&e . Han%Hi*i ' ,lbo
&sume . Nail
Mune . (hestnaka . Stomach
Senaka . +ack
Hi1a . KneeAshikubi . Anckle
Ashi . Foot3 0eg
Kakato . Heel
&sumashi . &oe
Japanese Vocabulary for Dates
Nichi . "ay/ "ate
&suitachi . 8stFutsuka . 9n%
Mikka . :r%#okka . ;th
Itsuka . th
#ouka . ?th
Kokonoka . @th
&ooka . 8thJyuuichinichi . 88th
Jyuuninichi . 89th
Jyuusannichi . 8:thJyuuyokka . 8;th
Jyuugonichi . 8th
Jyuuhachinichi . 8?th
Jyuukunichi . 8@th
Hatsuka . 9thNi*yuuichinichi . 98st
Ni*yuuninichi . 99n%
Ni*yuusannichi . 9:r%Ni*yuuyokka . 9;th
Ni*yuugonichi . 9th
Ni*yuuhachinichi . 9?th
Ni*yuukunichi . 9@th
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San*yuunichi . :th
San*yuuichinichi . :8st
Japanese Vocabulary for #nimals
"oubutsu . Animals&ori . +ir%s
Neko . (at
Inu . "og+uta . 2ig
Kaba . Hippopotamus
Ne1umi . Mouse
Bou . ,lephantHitsu*i . Sheep
Kirin . Gira))e
Kuma . +ear
Kitsune . Fo4
Raion . 0ionokami . $ol)
Saru . Monkey
Raku%a . (amelShika . %eer
Risu . SCuirrel
&ora . &igerShimauma . Bebra
-shi . (o
-ma . Horse
-sagi . Rabbit#agi goat
Sakana . Fish
Vocabulary for
Isha . "octorSensei . &eacher
Kenchikuka . Architect
,n*inia . ,ngineer"aiku . (arpenter
Gei*utsuka . Artist
Kokku . (he)
Ginkouin . +ankerShouboushi . Fireman
Noumin . Farmer
Jaanarisuto . JournalistKaishain . ))ice ,mployee
Ryoushi . Fisherman
+engoshi . 0ayerKoumuin . Go!ernment ,mployee
Kango)u . Female Nurse
Kyou*u . 2ro)essor
Gaka . 2ainterSei*ika . 2olitician
Sarariman . Salarie% ,mployee
Keikan . 2olice manKagakusha . Scientist
Shashinka . 2hotographer
Gakusei . Stu%entSakka . $riter
&enin . Store (lerk
Misein . Shopkeeper
Hisho . Secretary
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Demonstrati$e "ronouns
Kore Dko'reE &his
Sore Dso'reE &hat
Are Da'reE &hat o!er there
Kore is use% )or things in your territory7
In other or%s3 things3 hich you cansee3 touch an% )eel3 are in%icate% by this
pronoun7
Sore is use% )or things in other6s
territory7 In other or%s3 things3 hichyou cannot touch but are near an% can be
seen clearly are in%icate% by this
pronoun7
Are is use% )or things outsi%e both yourterritories7 In other or%s3 things3 hich
cannot be touche% an% may be seen at a
!ery )ar %istance or may not be seen butthe person has knole%ge o) its
e4istence are shon by this pronoun7
"o you get the i%ea I) you %o3 you can
un%erstan% hose eating tako Dta'ko
octopusE3 ho6s eating ika Di'ka sCupi%E3an% ho6s eating ebi De'bi shrimpE at
the restaurant in the )olloing %ialogue
Sore a ika %esu ka7 DIs that sCui%E
Iie3 kore a tako %esu7 Sore a ika %esuka7 DNo3 this one is octopus7 Is that
sCui%E Hai3 kore a ika %esu7 D#es this
is sCui%7E
Jya3 are an nan %esu ka7 Dk then3 hatis that o!er thereE
Are a ebi %esu7 D&hat o!er there is
shrimp7E
Kono Dko'noE &his
Sono Dso'noE &hat
Ano Da'noE &hat o!er there
Ko/no/ sono/ Ano are knon as"emonstrati!e nouns7 &he basic
%i))erence beteen the use o) Kore/
Sore/ Are an% Kono/ Sono/ Ano is as)ollos
Kono/ Sono/ Ano is use% to hen
e talk about a particular thing
or ob*ect7 It gi!es importance to
only 8 thing7 $hereas3 Kore/Sore/ Are is use% to point out
things7 It is use% hen e talk
about ob*ects in a generali1e%ay7 0ook at the )olloing
e4ample
Kore a hon %esu7 D&his is a
book7E Kono hon a nihongo no
%esu7 D&his book is o) Japanese
language7E
In the )irst sentence3 e are pointingout a book7 Here e are not
speci)ying anything else about the
book or in other or%s3 e are notgi!ing any importance to the book7
n the other han%3 in the secon%
statement e are speci)ying that thebook is o) Japanese language only7
Kore/ Sore/ Are is use% only
hen e are talking about some
ob*ect or thing7 n the otherhan%3 Kono/ Sono/ Ano is use%)or both people an% ob*ects7
Kore/ Sore/ Are is imme%iately
)olloe% by either a or gaparticle7 Kono/ Sono/ Ano is
)olloe% by a common noun7
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For e4ample
Kore a kuruma %esu7 D&his is a
car7E
Kono kuruma a akai %esu7
D&his is a re% car7E
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Verb %ru #nd #ru
&o tell someone that you ha!e or possess something3 use the !erbs iru Dee'rooE an% aru
Dah'rooE7 +oth mean to e4ist3 hich shos possession in Japanese7 #ou choose the !erbaccor%ing to hether the item you possess is animate or inanimate
Iru shos possession o) animate items3 such as people an% animals7
Aru is )or inanimate items3 such as books3 money3 plants3 an% houses7
So I ha!e a boy)rien% is $atashi a boi)uren%o ga iru Dah'tah'shee ah bohh'ee')oo'rehn'%oh gah ee'rooE3 hich literally means As )or me3 a boy)rien% e4ists7 Similarly3
Alison has money is Alison a okane ga aru Dah'ree'sohn ah oh'kah'neh gah ah'rooE3
hich literally means As )or Alison3 money e4ists7
$hen speaking in a polite/neutral conte4t3 use the polite )orm o) these !erbs3 imasu Dee'
mah'sooE an% arimasu Dah'ree'mah'sooE3 both o) hich are con*ugate% here7 Iru is a ru'!erb3 but aru is slightly irregular pay close attention to the negati!e )orm7
Form "ronunciation
iru ee'roo
inai ee'nah'ee
i ee
ite ee'teh
Form "ronunciation
aru ah'roo
nai nah'ee
ari ah'ree
atte aht'teh
Here are a )e e4amples o) ha!ing an% not ha!ing
ima 'a arimasen(Dhee'mah gah ah'ree'mah'sehn I %ont ha!e )ree time7E "etto 'a imasu(Dpeht'toh gah ee'mah'soo I ha!e a pet7E
Watashi wa kyodai 'a imasen(Dah'tah'shee I ah kyohh'%ah'ee gah ee'mah'
sehn I %ont ha!e siblings7E
Chichi wa o)kane 'a arimasu(Dchee'chee ah oh'kah'neh gah ah'ree'mah'soo
My )ather has 8 money7E
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alkin' about your re'ular acti$ities
&o e4press that you %o something regularly ' run3 play tennis3 go to ork3 an% so on ' use
the !erb that e4presses the acti!ity an% the !erb iru Dee'roo to e4istE3 in that or%er7 Makesure to con*ugate the !erb that e4presses ihe action in the te')orm7 DSee (hapter 9 )or
%etails oil the te')orm7E #ou can lea!e the !erb iru as it is or put it in the polite )orm3imasu Dee'mah'sooE7
For e4ample3 you can combine the !erbs hashiru Dhah'shee'roo to runE an% iru to gethashitte iru Dhah'sheet'teh ee'rooE or hashitte imasu Dhah'sheet'teh ee'mah'sooE7 +oth
phrases mean that someone runs regularly3 sort o) like saying3 I run an% e4ist e!ery %ay7
+e care)ul hashitte iru can also be interprete% as Im in the mi%%le o) running7 $hich
meaning the phrase takes on %epen%s on the conte4t7 I) you say mainichi Dmah'ee'nee'chee e!ery %ayE be)ore saying hashitte imasu3 you ob!iously mean a regular acti!ity I
run e!ery %ay7 I) you say ima Dee'mah noE3 you mean Im in the mi%%le o) running
no7 &he )olloing sentences e4press regular actions
*en wa mainichi pi+a o tabete imasu(Dkehn ah mah'ee'nee'chee pee'1ah oh
tah'beh'teh ee'mah'soo Ken eats pi11a e!ery %ay7E
,tdto wa kyonen kara dai'aku ni itte imasu(Doh'tohh'toh ah kyoh'nehn kah'
rah %ah'ee'gah'koo nee eet'teh ee'mah'soo My younger brother has been going
to college since last year7E
,tosan wa itsumo nete iru yo(Doh'tohh'sahn ah ee'tsoo'moh neh'teh ee'roo
yoh My %a% is alays sleeping7E
-hu.in wa maishu tenisu o shite imasu(Dshoo'*een ah mah'ee'shooo teh'nee'
soo oh shee'teh ee'mah'soo My husban% plays tennis e!ery eek7E
/i$in' out your contact information
A)ter chatting ith someone3 you may ant to contact him or her7 belo table lists the
in)ormation you may ant to collect7
Contact %nformation
Japanese "ronunciation ranslation
*usho *ooo'shoh a%%ress
%ena bango %ehn'ah bahn'gohh phone number %enshi meru a%oresu %ehn'shee mehh'roo ah'%oh'reh'soo e'mail a%%ress
)akkusu bango )ahk'koo'soo bahn'gohh )a4 number
,4changing meishi Dmehh'shee business car%sE is also a goo% i%ea7 &hese phrases are
use)ul hen e4changing contact in)ormation
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Denshi meru de renraku shimasu(D%ehn'shee mehh'roo %eh rehn'rah'koo shee'
mah'soo Ill contact you !ia e'mail7E
Denwa ban'o wa nan desu fca(D%ehn'ah bahn'gohh ah nahn %eh'soo kah
$hats your telephone numberE
Denwa o shite kudasai(D%ehn'ah oh shee'teh koo'%ah'sah'ee 2lease call me7E
Jusho o oshiete kudasai(D*ooo'shoh oh oh'shee'eh'teh koo'%ah'sah'ee 2leasetell me your a%%ress7E
*ore wa watashi no meishi desu(Dkoh'reh ah ah'tah'shee noh mehh'shee
%eh'soo &his is my business car%7E
0okattara1 renraku kudasai(Dyoh'kaht'tah'rah3 rehn'rah'koo koo'%ah'sah'ee
Get in touch i) you like7E
2se ,f Verb Desu
0ike the ,nglish !erb to be3 %esu D%eh'sooE e4presses the i%entity or state o) people an%
things7 "esu is use% in a construction3 a # %esu D ah # %eh'soo is #E7 Instea%o) saying is #3 the Japanese say # is7 &he particle a DahE is the topic particle
%iscusse% earlier in this chapter7
"esu )ollos either a noun or an a%*ecti!e7 For e4ample3 toto a gakuse %esu Doh'tohh'
toh ah gah'koo'sehh %eh'sooE means My little brother is a stu%ent7 $atashi a genki%esu Dah'tah'shee ah gehn'kee %eh'sooE means I am )ine7 No you kno hy many
Japanese sentences en% in %esu7
(on*ugation'ise3 %esu %oesnt look like any other !erb7 &he reason is that %esu %i%ntstart out as a stan%'alone !erb7 It as the combination o) the particle %e3 the !erb aru Dah'roo to e4istE3 an% the polite su))i4 'masu7
&he table belo shos the patterns o) %esu7 &o help you see the point3 I use the same
noun gakuse Dgah'koo'sehh stu%entE in each e4ample7
Formal Form of 3oun "lus Desu
Japanese "ronunciation ranslation
gakusei %esu gah'koo'sehh %eh'soo is a stu%ent
gakusei *a arimasen gah'koo'sehh *ah ah'ree'mah'sehn isnt a stu%ent
gakusei %eshita gah'koo'sehh %eh'shee'tah as a stu%ent
gakusei *a arimasen
%eshita
gah'koo'sehh *ah ah'ree'mah'sehn %eh'
shee'tah
asnt a
stu%ent
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%nformal Form of 3oun "lus Desu
Japanese 2ronunciation &ranslation
gakusei %a gah'koo'sehh %ah is a stu%ent
gakusei *anai gah'koo'sehh *ah nah'ee isnt a stu%ent
gakusei %atta gah'koo'sehh %aht'tah as a stu%ent
gakusei *a nakatta gah'koo'sehh *ah nah'kaht'tah asnt a stu%ent
Ja D*ahE3 hich you see in the negati!e )orms in the abo!e &ables3 is the contraction o)
%ea D%eh'ahE7Most Japanese people use *a in e!ery%ay con!ersation3 but they use%ea occasionally7 +e prepare% to hear either one7
Makin' "olite43eutral Verb Forms
tabeni 5ru67eat8 miru5ru67watch8 nomu5u67drink8
Stem tabe mi nomi
A))irmati!e 2resent tabemasu mimasu nomimasu
Negati!e 2resent tabemasen mimasen nomimasen
A))irmati!e 2ast tabemashita mimashita nomimashita
Negati!e 2ast tabemasen %eshita mimasen %eshita nomimasen %eshita
Common Verb -uffi9es
Meanin'4Function -uffi9 :9ample ranslation
-uffi9es that Follow "lain4%nformal Forms
shoul% 'beki %esu taberu' beki %esu 8 shoul% eat7
probability '%esho taberu'%esho Ill probably eat7
possibility 'kamo
shiremasen
taberu' kamo
shiremasen
8 might eat7
person'hito taberu'hito
the person ho
eats
because 'kara taberu'kara because 8 eat
noun'maker 'koto taberu'koto the act o) eating
things 'mono taberu'mono things to eat
time 'toki taberu'toki hen 8 eat
intention 'tsumori %esu taberu'tsumori %esu 8 plan to eat7
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-uffi9es that Follow -tem Forms
hile 'nagara tabe'nagara hile eatingpurpose 'ni tabe'ni in or%er to eat
%i))iculty 'nikui tabe'nikui Its har% to eat7
o!er%oing 'sugiru tabe'sugiru 8 o!ereat7
%esire 'tai tabe'tai 8 ant to eat7
-uffi9es that Follow e)forms
%oing a )a!or 'ageru tabete'ageru 8 eat )or you7
present per)ect 'aru tabete'aru 8 ha!e eaten7
present progressi!e 'iru tabete'iru 8 am eating7
reCuesting 'ku%asai tabete'ku%asai 2lease eat7
attempt 'miru tabete'miru Ill try to eat7
completion 'shimau tabete'shimau I )inish eating7
Japanese Vowel -ounds
Letter "ronunciation :n'lish Word
with the -ound
:9ample
a a aa obasan Do'ba'san auntE
a a ' obaasan Do'ba'san gran%motherE
e ee be% Seto Dse'to a city in JapanE
e ehh ' seto Dseh'to pupilE
i i )eet o*isan Do'*i'sanuncleE
ii ii ' o*isan Do'*i'i'san gran%)ather
o %ome tori Dto'ri bir%E
oo ' tori Dto'o'ri streetE
u u )oot yuki Dyu'ki snoE
u uu ' yuiki Dyu'i'ki courageE
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In Japanese3 any to !oels can appear ne4t to each other in a or%7 #ou may hear them
as one !oel soun%3 but to the Japanese3 they soun% like to !oels7 For e4ample3 ai Dah'
ee lo!eE soun%s like one !oel ' the ,nglish i Das in eyeE ' but to the Japanese3 itsactually to !oels3 not one7 &he or% koi Dkoh'ee carpE soun%s like the one'syllable
,nglish or% coy3 but in Japanese3 koi is a to'syllable or%7
&able belo lists some other common !oel combinations7 Some o) them may soun%
a)ully similar to you3 but Japanese speakers hear them %i))erently7 &ry saying themalou% so that you can hear the %i))erences7
Vowel Combinations
Vowel Combination "ronunciation ranslation
Ai a'i lo!e
Mae ma'e )ront
Ao a'o blue
Au a'u meet
-e u'e up
Koi ko'i carp
Koe ko'e !oice
&he !oels i DeeE an% u DooE come out as a hisper hene!er they )all beteen the
consonant soun%s ch3 h3 k3 p3 s3 sh3 t3 an% ts or hene!er a or% en%s in this consonant'
!oel combination7 $hat %o those consonants ha!e in common &heyre hat linguistscall !oiceless3 meaning that they %ont make your !ocal cor%s !ibrate7 2ut your han%
o!er your !ocal cor%s an% say a !oiceless consonant like the k soun%7 &hen say a!oice% consonant like the g soun%7
Words with Whispered Vowels
Japanese "ronunciation ranslation
Suketo Su'Ke'to skating
Kusai Ku'Sa'i stinky
Ashita A'Shi'ta tommoro
So %esu so'%u'su thats right
Words without Whispered Vowels
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Japanese "ronunciation ranslation
Sugoi Su'go'i ama1ing o
Kuni Ku'ni country
Kagu Ka'gu )urniture
Consonant sounds
Fortunately3 most Japanese consonants are pronounce% as they are in ,nglish7 &ablebelo %escribes the soun%s that you nee% to pay attention to7
Japanese Consonants Different from :n'lish
Consonant Description of the -ound :9amples
r Here you tap your tounge on the roo) o)
your mouth *ust once ' almost like an,nglish )'somehere beteen an ) an% an
h soun%7
raku%a Dra'ku'%a
camelE toca Dtoh'rah tigerE tori
Dtoh'ree bir%E
)A much so)ter soun% than the ,nglish )'
somehere beteen an ) an% an h soun%7
Make the soun% by bringing your lips closeto each other an% gently bloing air
through them7
Fu*isan D)oo'*ee'
sahn Mt7 Fu*iE
to)u Dtohh')oobean cur%E )u)u
D)u')u marrie%
coupleE
ts &he combination is har% to pronounce at
the beginning o) a or%3 as in tsunami3
although its easy anyhere else7 &rysaying the or% cats in your hea% an% then
saying tsunami7
tsunami Dtsoo'nah'
mee ti%al a!eE
tsuki Dtsu'ki themoonE
ry &he combination o) ran% yis %i))icult to
pronounce hen it occurs be)ore the !oel
o7 &ry saying ri DreeE an% then yo DyohE7Repeat many times an% gra%ually increase
the spee% until you can pronounce the to
soun%s simultaneously7 Remember that thersoun%s almost like a %m ,nglish7
ryo Dryohh
%ormitoryE ryokan
Dryo'kan Japanese'style innE
0ike most other languages3 Japanese has %ouble consonants7 #ou pronounce these %oubleconsonants ' pp3 tt3 kk3 an% ss ' as single consonants prece%e% by a brie) pause7 (heck out
the )olloing e4amples
kekkonDkehk'kohn marriageE
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kippuDkeep'poo ticketsE
kitteDkeet'teh stampsE
massu'uDmahs'soo'goo straightE
"articles
"article ranslation /eneral Function :9ample
gaDgahE No ,nglish
eCui!alent
Speci)ies the sub*ect o) the
sentence
Jon ga kita7DJohn gah kee'tah John
came7E
oDohE No ,nglisheCui!alent
Speci)ies the %irect ob*ecto) the sentence
Mari ga Jon o sasotta7 Dmah'reeegah John oh sah'soht'tah Mary
in!ite% John7E
karaDkah'rahE )rom Speci)ies the starting pointo) the action
Ku'*i kara benkyo shita7 Dkoo'*eekah'rah behn'kyohh shee'tah I
stu%ie% )rom @7E
ma%e
Dmah'
%ehE
untilSpeci)ies the en%ing point
o) the action
San'*i ma%e benkyo shita7 Dsahn'*ee
mah'%eh behn'kyohh shee'tah I
stu%ie% until :7E
ni DneeE to3 on3 at
Speci)ies the target o) theaction
Nihon ni itta7 Dnee'hohn nee eet'tah
I ent to Japan7E &okyo ni tsuita7Dtohh'kyohh nee tsoo'ee'tah I
arri!e% at &okyo7E
niDneeE to3 on3 at Speci)ies the time o) thee!ent San'*i ni tsuita7
Dsahn'*ee nee tsoo'ee'tah I arri!e%at :7E
e DehE to3 toar% Speci)ies the %irection o)
the action
&okyo e itta7 Dtohh'kyohh eh eet'
tah 8 entto &okyo7E
%e D%ehE in3 by3 ith3
at
Speci)ies ho the action
takes place in%icates the
location3manner3 orbackgroun% con%ition o) the
action
+osuton %e benkyo shita7 Dboh'soo'
tohn %e behn'kyohh shee'tah I
stu%ie% in +oston7E &akush& %e itta7Dtah'koo sheee %eh eet'tah I
entthere by ta4i7E Foku %e tabeta7
D)ohh'koo %eh tah'beh'tah I ate
ith a )ork7E
noDnohE s (reates a possessi!e phrase
or mo%i)ier phrase
Marl no hon Dmah'reee noh hohn
Marys bookE Nihongo no hon Dnee'hon'goh noh hohn A Japanese
language bookE
to DtohE an% 0ists items Sushi to sashimi o tabeta7 Dsoo'shee
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toh sah'shee'mee oh tah'beh'tah 8ate sushi an% sashimi7E
to DtohE ith Speci)ies an item ith thesame status as the sub*ect
Jon ga Marl to utatta7 DJohn gahmah'reee toh oo'taht'tah John sang
ith Mary7EkaDkahE or 0ists choices Sushi ka sashimi otaberu7 Dsoo'shee
kahsah'shee'mee oh tah'beh'roo I
ill eat sushi or sashimi7E
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onto 7Realty8
Say honto Dhohn'tohhE to con)irm hat you *ust hear%7 Suppose your colleague tells youthat shes marrying your boss7 Respon% to the nes by saying honto7 #ou can use honto
in a lot o) situations because unbelie!able things happen e!ery %ay7
#1 so desu ka 7Realty8
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Say a3 so %esu ka Dahh3 sohh %eh'soo kahE e!ery time your con!ersational partner
pro!i%es a ne piece o) in)ormation7 +e sure to no% as you say this e4pression7 I) you
talk casually ith a Japanese person3 you may use this phrase 9 times in an hour7
Mochiron 7,f course;8
-se this a%!erb hen youre 8 percent con)i%ent in your opinion7 I) you ere a marrie%
man3 ho oul% you anser this Cuestion )rom your i)e $oul% you marry me i) you
ha% a chance to %o it all o!er again "ont think about it *ust say mochiron Dmoh'chee'rohnE7
#1 yokatta 7,h1 'ood8
Say a3 yokatta Dahh3 yoh'kaht'tahE e!ery time you )eel like saying $hat a relie) or h3
goo%7 I) youre a orrier3 you may say it ten times a %ay7
yatta 7% did it;8
Say yatta Dyaht'tahE hen you accomplish something big or recei!e a great opportunity72assing a %i))icult test3 getting the *ob you ante%3 or inning the lottery all Cuali)y as
yatta material7
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Sometimes you ha!e a !ague suspicion that something ill happen3 an% then it actually
happens7 At times like that3 say yappari Dyahp'pah'reeE7