NUR’AINUL SYAHIRAH BT IBERAHIN (168834)
SUPERVISOR: PROF. DR. SIDEK HJ. AB. AZIZ
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF WOLLASTONITE PRODUCED BY USING LOCAL MATERIALS OF MUSSEL SHELLS
Main chemical composition consists of calcium, silicon, and oxygen. The molecular formula for wollastonite is CaSiO3 and its theoretical composition consists of 48.3 % CaO and 51.7% SiO2.
Natural wollastonite may contain trace or minor amounts of various metal ions such as aluminum, iron, magnesium, potassium, and sodium.
Wollastonite powders are synthesized by solid-state reaction in conventional furnace.
SLS(Soda lime silica) glass, most prevalent type of
glass
Consist of 70% silica (SiO2), 15% sodium oxide
(Na2O) and 9% calcium oxide (CaO)
100% recyclable and can be recycled a million
times over to produce bottles and jars of the same
high quality
Cheap protein source which is prepared as local meals
Most commonly found in saltwater and fresh water
Mineralogy of their exoskeletons consist of calcium
carbonates (CaCO3 )
Potential biomass resources for bone repair material
Decomposed to CaO by thermal decomposition
process
Wollastonite has good prospect as a raw material in the
ceramic industry. Its versatility and unique properties make
it a mineral that is ideally suited to many different type of
industrial application
High content of calcium carbonate in mussel can be
recycles and generates wollastonite by using heat
treatment
Therefore, a detailed investigation of the synthesis and
characteristics of wollastonite by using mussel shells and
SLS powder will be carried out
To identify the effect of using the waste material as base material to prepare Wollastonite
To distinguish the effect of different ratios of SLS and shell powders used on wollastonite produced.
To analyze the effect of different temperature used during the sintering process of wollastonite.
Title Of Articles Findings
Characteristic of Wollastonite
Synthesized from Local Raw
Materials by Majid Muhi Shukur
et al. (2014)
•Wollastonite has a combination
of properties, such as low
dielectric constant, low dielectric
loss, thermal stability, low
thermal expansion and low
thermal conductivity.
Crystallization of Synthetic
Wollastonite Prepared from
Local Raw Materials by
Mohammed Maitam Obeid et
al. (2014)
•Wollastonite is an extremely
interesting but little studied
materials which has a
combination of properties such
as lack of volatile constituent
and fluxing characteristic hence
is used in ceramic fabrication
and more
Title Of Articles Findings
Recycled wastes as precursor
for synthesizing wollastonite by
W.M.N Nour et. al (2006)
•The content of silica should be
increased over the
stoichiometric composition to
get wollastonite as a sole
phase from the waste materials
Microwave synthesis of
wollastonite powder from
eggshell by S. Vichapund et. al
(2011)
•The effect of the temperature
can be examine by heating at
different temp is using furnace
XRD analysis of the obtained
powder shows that wollastonite
started 800 ˚C
Title Of Articles Findings
Extraction and
Characterization of Chitin and
Chitosan from mussel shells by
Abdulwadud Abdulkarim et al.
(2013)
•The mussel shells was
discovered to contain a
mineral content of 51.62%
and a chitin composition was
found to be 21.32%
•Mussels produces an
incremental layer of its shell
composed mainly of calcium
carbonate and a small fraction
of organic substance.
Collecting raw materials
Wash and dry- heat for 2 hours (200˚C)
Plunged by using plunger
Grinded using mortar and pestle
Sieved using siever 63 micron
Preheat at 900˚C
1 2 3
6 5 4
Mix CaO with SiO2
Melt and quench
Pressed into pellet
Sintered at 700˚C, 900˚C and 1000˚C for 2 hours
Ready for measurement (XRD, XRF, FTIR, UVVIS, Density)
7 8 9
10 11
• Density Physical Properties
• XRD
• FTIR Phase
Transformation
• XRF Chemical Properties
FURTHER
ANALYSIS
• As the temperature increase, the density will also increase.
Density
• Generation of wollastonite crystal phase
• Identification & characterization of compound based on diffraction pattern
XRD
• Shows that the dominant elements in the sample are CaO and SiO2 XRF
• Structural bonding of wollastonite FTIR
Suzana Yusup, Mustakimah Mohamed, Saikat Maitra, 2012. Decomposition Study of Calcium Carbonate in Cockle Shell. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 7
Rashita Abd Rashid, 2014. Low temperature production of wollastonite from limestone and silica sand through solid-state reaction. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2, 77-81.
W.M.N Nour, A.A Mostafa, D.M. Ibrahim et al. 2006. Recycled Wastes as Precursor for Synthesizing Wollastonite.
Abdulkarim, A., Isa, M. T., Abdulsalam, S., Muhammad, A. J., & Ameh, A. O. (2013). Extraction and Characterisation of Chitin and Chitosan from Mussel Shell. Civil and Environmental Research. Retrieved from http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CER/article/view/4237
Ding, L., Ning, W., Wang, Q., Shi, D., & Luo, L. (2015). Preparation and characterization of glass – ceramic foams from blast furnace slag and waste glass, 141, 327–329.
Ren, F., Wan, X., Ma, Z., & Su, J. (2009). Study on microstructure and thermodynamics of nacre in mussel shell. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 114(1), 367–370. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.09.036