On Future Internet, Cloud Computing,
and Semantics – You name it
Arian ZwegersEuropean Commission
Information Society and Media Directorate GeneralSoftware & Service Architectures and Infrastructures Unit
Overview
• Future Internet– Today’s Internet– Problems and opportunities– Different perspectives– What’s next?
• Internet of Services– Vision– Cloud Computing – What is it?– Cloud Computing – Market values– Business models– Business strategies– Some issues for debate– What’s next?
• Semantics– Some examples– European research in semantics– What’s next?
• Work Programme 2009-10
Future Internet Today’s Internet
Adapted from Zwegers (2008) and Li (2009)
Mobile
Public Internet
Satellite
PSTN
VPNCable
Broadcast
Future Internet Today’s Internet
Adapted from Zwegers (2008) and Li (2009)
Free email IaaS
SaaS
Sharingfiles
Social & Professional networks
Communication
Information
Resources
Search engines
Instant messaging
Mobile
Public Internet
Satellite
PSTN
VPNCable
Broadcast
Other content-relatedservices
Business Services
Virtual Worlds
Future Internet Today’s Internet
Adapted from Zwegers (2008) and Li (2009)Content
PaaS
Free email IaaS
SaaS
Sharingfiles
Social & Professional networks
Communication
Information
Resources
Search engines
Instant messaging
Mobile
Public Internet
Satellite
PSTN
VPNCable
Broadcast
Other content-relatedservices
Business Services
Virtual Worlds
Future Internet Today’s Internet
Adapted from Zwegers (2008) and Li (2009)Content
PaaS
Future Internet World Internet Penetration Rates
by Geographic Regions
704 / 3,808
402 / 804
251 / 340
21 / 35
176 / 587
48 / 203
66 / 991
Future Internet World Internet Penetration Rates
by Geographic Regions
704 / 3,808
402 / 804
251 / 340
21 / 35
176 / 587
48 / 203
66 / 991
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/hirsch30/social-mobile-convergence-in-gaming
“India has more honours kids than America has kids”(sometimes size matters)
Source: “Did you know 3.0”, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpEnFwiqdx8
• 480,000,000: newspapers (daily)• 1,500,000,000: TV sets in use• 1,700,000,000: credit cards• 2,250,000,000: tooth brushes in use• 4,000,000,000: mobile phone subscriptions
Future Internet Current/emerging problems and opportunities
• Current Internet was never designed to be a critical part of an economy’s infrastructure
• Net-delivered services are reshaping the world (search, media, games, social networking, etc.)
• Tripling of the number of people connected (1.5 3B)• Addition of billions—perhaps even hundreds of
billions—of devices (sensors, tags, micro controllers)• User generated content leads to a massive increase
of creative flow of content and processes• Balance the perceived need for control with the
creativity that spawns innovation—and profit?• Towards tethered appliances or generative
technology?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hIQjrMHTv4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAsb4gtEpaw
http://iiea.com/zittrain/video.wmvhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KDgxGN6cqTA
Future Internet What is it?
Future Internet Different perspectives and their danger
http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/EXPORT/DL/38496.pdfhttp://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/internetofthings/
Second Life
Internet of Services, Service Web
Networks of the Future
3D Internet
Internet of Things
Trust
Security
Future Internet Different perspectives and their danger
http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/EXPORT/DL/38496.pdfhttp://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/internetofthings/
Second Life
Internet of Services, Service Web
Networks of the Future
3D Internet
Internet of Things
Trust
Security
Conway’s Law: “organisations which design systems are constrained to
produce systems which are copies of the [communication] structures of
these organisations” (1968)
Future Internet What’s next?
Future Internet Communication• Strengthening R&D investments
– Comprehensive approach to R&D– Minimum 200 M€/year for 2011-2013– Future Internet Assembly
• Leveraging Member States initiatives• Building a public-private partnership
– Use of FP7 instruments for 2011-2013– Specific WP and modalities– Additional 300 M€ for 2011-2013– Approach for FP8 by end 2011
To be published in September 2009See http://ec.europa.eu/foi
Future Internet What’s next?
Future Internet public-private partnership (PPP)• Objectives
– Advancing European industrial know-how in Future Internet technologies and systems
– Supporting emergence of Future Internet-enhanced applications of public relevance
• Recently initiated and proposed by industry– Industry leadership expected!– Industry leadership expected!!– Industry leadership expected!!!
• Role of European Technology Platforms?• EC report on instruments• EC report on contents
See http://ec.europa.eu/foi, http://www.future-internet.eu
Internet of Services Vision
Number of Web services found by SEEKDA crawler during the past 26 months (June 2009)
A multitude of connected IT services, which are offered, bought, sold, used, repurposed, and composed
by a worldwide network of service providers, consumers,
aggregators, and brokers
- resulting in -
a new way of offering, using, and organising IT supported
functionality
Adapted from SAP Research, 2008, and SEEKDA, 2009
Internet of Services Cloud Computing – Everything old is new again?
Adapted from http://www.slideshare.net/midtownninja/cloud-computing-and-startups,http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/09/business/internet-critic-who-not-shy-about-ruffling-big-names-high-technology.html
Internet of Services Cloud Computing – Everything is renamed?
"The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we've redefined cloud computing to include everything that we already do. I can't think of anything that isn't cloud computing with all of these announcements. The computer industry is the only industry that is more fashion-driven than women's fashion. Maybe I'm an idiot, but I have no idea what anyone is talking about. What is it? It's complete gibberish. It's insane. When is this idiocy going to stop?”
Larry Ellison, 26 September 2008
Internet of Services Cloud Computing – What is it?
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/midtownninja/cloud-computing-and-startups
Internet of Services Cloud Computing – What is it?
Cloud computing is a model for enabling
convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction (Source: NIST Cloud Computing Project)
http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/cloud-def-v14.doc
Internet of Services Cloud Computing – What is different?
Source: Gartner, 2008
Internet of Services Cloud Computing – Every cloud has a silver lining
Worldwide by 2012• SaaS: $21bn
– 20% CAGR• PaaS: $9bn
– 160% CAGR• IaaS: $4bn
– 60% CAGR
Merrill Lynch: Cloud computing market opportunity by 2011 =
$95bn in business and productivity apps +$65bn in online advertising =
$160bn
Sources: 451 Group, AMR, Gartner, IDC, William Blair & Co., Merrill Lynch, PAC,http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/ssai/study-sw-2009_en.html
Cloud Computing ‐ EU27
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
8 000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
M€
SaaS Total
PaaS Total
IaaS Total
Internet of Services Business Models: factors to consider (1/2)
• Generative technology vs Tethered Appliances– Generative technology
• Configurable, processable• Development mediated through market model
– Tethered appliances• Need for ‘men in white coats’• Development mediated through company
• Ecosystems– Variety of applications based on platform, and/or– Business partnerships, and/or – Relationships with suppliers and consumers
Adapted from Li, 2009
Internet of Services Business Models: factors to consider (2/2)
• Services– From shrink-wrapped, packaged products
to Software as a Service– Focus from basic network services to
“more valuable” software services• Universality & Utility
– Universal service: utility, affordability, accessibility, availability, quality
– Utility: right to the service in question– Scarcity and market power
Adapted from Li, 2009
Internet of Services Business Strategies (1/2)
• Protection of intellectual property–Patents and trade secrets–Right to exclude others vs
right to exclusivity• Bundling of technologies
– “A superior offering”–Distribution advantages and
network effects
Adapted from Li, 2009
Internet of Services Business Strategies (2/2)
• Standards– Openness, interoperability
and market as arbiter– Defensive strategies and publishing APIs
• Open source– Collective intelligence, added value,
management of development process• Long tail
– Market niches, smaller customers, customisation, choice
Adapted from Li, 2009
Internet of Services Some issues for debate
http://dilbert.com/2009-08-30/
Internet of Services Some issues for debate: SaaS, a silver bullet?
Drivers• Maintenance fees are the
gravy train of enterprise software
• Costs savings (acquisition and maintenance)
• Predictability of software management costs
• Complexity reduction• Increasing offerings
available in the market, increasing customer choice
• Increasing provider accountability
Adapted from Financial Times, 27 August 2008 “The end of a software gravy train”
Internet of Services Some issues for debate: SaaS, a silver bullet?
Drivers• Maintenance fees are the
gravy train of enterprise software
• Costs savings (acquisition and maintenance)
• Predictability of software management costs
• Complexity reduction• Increasing offerings
available in the market, increasing customer choice
• Increasing provider accountability
Inhibitors• “Tethered appliances”
argument (Zittrain)• From privacy policies to
portability policies• Switching costs• Reliability software-on-
demand products/services• Perceived lack of
functionality, security, customisation, and integration capabilities
• Putting critical information off-premise?
• Service provider viability
Adapted from Financial Times, 27 August 2008 “The end of a software gravy train”
Internet of Services Some issues for debate: Billions of services?
Billions of services• Everybody is a potential
service provider• Everybody potentially uses
services from everybody• Requires work on service
discovery, composition, semantics for heterogeneous services
Service Parks• Trusted services from
recognised brands• Sets of services with rules
for combining and modifying them
• Homogeneous semantics• Guaranteed SLAs• Like the old vision, but in
a park only
Number of Web services found by SEEKDA crawler during the past 26 months
Source: Charles Petrie, Christoph Bussler “The Myth of Open Web Services –
The Rise of the Service Parks” IEEE Internet Computing, May/June 2008, pp 93-95
Source: SEEKDA, 2009
Internet of Services Some issues for debate: independent thinking?
ETP SRAs
Internet of Services What’s next?
12/2009 04/2010 11/2010
ProposedOrientations(ICT Dirs)
Draft WP(ICT Dirs)
First draft to ICTC for
discussion
CommissionDecision
Full text for opinion
Consul- tation Reports
ISTAG Reports
FP&SP text
11/2010 11/2010
WP published
Call(s) published
05/2010 10/2010
Online consultation
Workshop reports
Note: dates are tentative
Road- mapping Reports
Consolidation workshop
reportIPPA report
Internet of Services What’s next?
Preparing for WP2011-13• Consultations
– Long-term research challenges– Convergence– Cloud computing – Software evolution and maintenance– Other consultations?
• Studies• Get involved!!
Semantics What Semantics?
http://searchpoint.ijs.si
ContextAdapting to meet local
environment constraints, organizational policies
and personal preferences
Web principlesTo scale SOA to a
world wide web communications
infrastructure
Web 2.0As a means to structure
human-machine cooperation in an efficient & cost-effective manner
Semantic WebTo automate service
discovery, mediation & composition
SOA As the emerging dominant paradigm for application development which abstracts from software to the notion of a service
Semantics SOA4All
http://www.soa4all.eu
Semantics SOA4All overall architecture
http://www.soa4all.eu
Semantics Marrying Ontology and Software Technology
http://www.most-project.eu/
Semantics Service Web 3.0
• Future Internet roadmap• Future Internet video
http://www.serviceweb30.eu/
Semantics EU semantics research: vision without execution?
• Status based on ESTC 2008• Vision
– Various theories, concepts, languages, frameworks, etc
– Various prototype implementations– Various standardisation activities
• Execution– How about technology providers?– How about take-up?– Where is the money?
• Research: a means to an end!?
Semantics EU semantics research: vision without execution?
“ACTIVE is not just about research, it’s also about realising the value from
that research. That means spreading the word about what we are doing, not
just within the research community but also to the innovators who will adopt ACTIVE technology in their enterprises. At the same time,
ACTIVE’s commercial partners will be exploiting the project’s innovation portfolio, while ACTIVE’s research partners will be creating software
components for use by themselves and others in future research and
development”
http://www.active-project.eu/publications.html
“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.”
Semantics What’s next?
Semantics in FP7-ICT• ICT research addresses the
development of Semantic Technologies in diverse Strategic Objectives
• Core objective for research or in function of?
So?
• Where is Europe?• “Web 3.0 = Google Inc?”• Issues with Internet of Services and Cloud
Computing • What can Europe do?
Framework Programmes(National programmes)(Software strategy)(Cloud Computingworkshops)(Other?)
• Are we going to act (or not)?
International Co-operation
Science in Society
Research Potential
Regions of Know- ledge
Research for the benefit of SMEs
Research Infrastruc- tures
CAPACITIES
Marie Curie ActionsPEOPLE
European Research CouncilIDEAS
9. Space
8. Socio-econom
ic Research
7. Transport
6. Environment
5. Energy
4. Nano, M
aterials, Production Techn.
3. ICT
2. Food, Agriculture
Biotechnology
1. Health
CO
OPER
ATIO
N
WP2009-10 7th Framework Programme (2007-2013)
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/
€ 32 B
€ 7.5 B
€ 4.7 B
€ 4.2 B
10. Security
WP2009-10 ICT WP2009-2010, ~2 B€ total
Futu
re a
nd E
mer
ging
Te
chno
logi
es
Cognitive Systems, Interaction, Robotics
Network and Service Infrastructures
Components, Systems,Engineering
Digital Libraries and Content
Towards sustainable and personalised healthcare
ICT for Mobility, Environmental Sustainability and Energy Efficiency
ICT for Independent Living, Inclusion and Governance
Socio-economic goals
Tech
nolo
gy ro
adbl
ocks
ETPs
i2010 Flagships
ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/ict-wp-2009-10_en.pdf
WP2009-10 Challenge 1
1.1 Network of the Future
1.6 Future Internet experimental facility and experimentally-driven research
1.2 Internet of Services, Software and Virtualisation
1.4
Tru
stw
ort
hy
ICT
1.3 Internet of Things and Enterprise
environments
1.5 Networked Media and 3D Internet
The Future Internet
Call 480 MEuro
Call 4110 MEuro
Call 537 MEuro
Call 5110 MEuroCall 5
90 MEuro
Call 550 MEuro
Call 580 MEuro
WP2009-10 Internet of Services, Software and Virtualisation
ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/ict-wp-2009-10_en.pdf
WP2009-10 Objective 1.2, Problems and opportunities (1/2)
• Issues with service architectures and platforms– Existing web-based service front-ends are based on
monolithic, inflexible, non-context-aware, non- customizable and unfriendly UIs
– How to deal with many, many diverse services?– How to manage many, diverse underlying hardware and
software resources?Service Architectures and Platforms for the Future Internet (CP)– Service front ends– Open, scalable, dependable service platforms,
architectures, and specific platform components– Virtualised infrastructures
Text in black: issues, challenges, opportunitiesText in blue: Work Programme target outcomes
Remember: The Work Programme text is the official reference for the call
WP2009-10 Objective 1.2, Problems and opportunities (2/2)
• Issues with very large, dynamic, open service networks– From design time to run-time– Quality of open systems without fixed system boundaries– Opportunities with open source software and service
engineering?Highly Innovative Service / Software Engineering (CP)– Service / Software engineering methods and tools– Verification and validation methods, tools and techniques – Methods, tools and approaches specifically supporting the
development, deployment and evolution of open source software
• Lack of coordination of current and future research effortsCoordination and support actions (CSA)
Obj 1.2 Instruments: IP, STREP, CSACall 5 Budget CP: 107 M€110 M€ Budget CSA: 3 M€
Remember: The Work Programme text is the official reference for the call
WP2009-10 Objective 1.2, Expected Impact
• Service development, management and interoperability in a converged environmentContribution to Future Internet
• Improving scalability, predictability, responsiveness and throughputTechnological advances in software/service engineering
• Infrastructure operators with innovative service offerings on scalable infrastructureMore competitive environment
• Standardised open (source) platforms and interfacesLowered barriers for service providers
• Innovative service front ends and higher user empowermentMassive uptake of high-added value services
• Platforms enabling "third party generated services"More advanced/dynamic online communities
• Flexible and resilient platforms for software/service engineering, design, development, management and interoperability
Strengthened European industry for software, software services, and Web services • Tailored technologies
Meeting key societal and economical needs
Text in black: enablers, outcomesText in blue: Work Programme expected impact
Remember: The Work Programme text is the official reference for the call
WP2009-10 Current FP7 projects under Objective 1.2
Support actionsNESSI 2010, Service Web 3.0, Flossinclude
Network of Excellence: S-Cube
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/ssai/projects_en.html
• 181 M€ invested, 120 M€ EC contribution• Timeframe 2008-2011
Service front-endsFAST, m:Ciudad, OPEN, Persist, ServFace
Service ArchitecturesSLA@SOI, SOA4ALL, OMP, Romulus, SHAPE
Virtualised InfrastructuresIRMOS, RESERVOIR, ADMIRE, SmartLM, STREAM
Reference service architectureNEXOF-RA
Service/Software Engineering
(complexity, dependability)
DEPLOY, ALIVE, COMPAS, DIVA, MANCOOSI, MOST, Protest, Q-ImPrESS
And now what?
WE have a problem!What are YOU going to do about it?
Conclusions
• Future Internet is happening• Internet of Services is a major element of
Future Internet• Business models: ‘factors’ and strategies to
consider• Issues with Internet of Services• Role of semantics• Interdisciplinary research is needed for the
Future Internet• Research is a means to an end• Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.
Questions?
FP7http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/
Software & Service Architectures and Infrastructureshttp://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/ssai/
Future Internethttp://ec.europa.eu/foihttp://www.future-internet.eu/
This presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/azwegers
FP7http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/
Software & Service Architectures and Infrastructureshttp://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/ssai/
Future Internethttp://ec.europa.eu/foihttp://www.future-internet.eu/
This presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/azwegers
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