Objective 5
Pooran Gaur, NVPR Ganga Rao, CLL Gowda, Said Silim, PM Salimath, DM Mannur, V Jayalakshmi, Y Satish, Asanke Fikre,
Kebebew Assefa, Robert Kileo, Wilson Thagana, S Tripathi, V Vadez, L Krishnamurthy, S Pande, HC Sharma, Rajeev Varshney
Enhance chickpea productivity and production in drought-prone areas of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
Project target regions
Country States/ Zones
Districts
India Andhra Pradesh
Kurnool, Prakasam
Karnataka Gulbarga, Dharwad
Ethiopia
East Shewa
Gimbichu
North Shewa
Minjar, Shenkora
Kenya Rift Valley Bomet, Nakuru
Tanzania Lake zone Mwanza, Shinyanga
Objective 5 Team ICRISAT-Patancheru, India
Pooran Gaur, CLL Gowda, S Tripathi, V Vadez, L Krishnamurthy, S Pande, HC Sharma, Rajeev Varshney
ICRISAT-Nairobi, Kenya NVPR Ganga Rao, Said Silim
NARS partners India ANGRAU,
Hyderabad Veera Jayalakshmi, Y Satish, CKK Reddy, P Muniratnam, Y Koteshwar Rao
UAS-Dharwad PM Salimath UAS-Raichur DM Mannur
Ethiopia EIAR, Addis Ababa
Asnake Fikre, Kebebew Assefa, Million Eshete, Nigussie Tadesse, Sherif Aliye, Sitotaw Ferede, Lijalaem Korbu, Abebe Atilaw, Tebkew Damte
Tanzania LZARDI, Ukiriguru
Robert Kileo , Epifania Temu, Everina Lukonge
Kenya KARI, Nairobi Wilson M. Thagana, Lucy Kuria, Clerkson Mahagayu
Activity 1
Identify and enhance adoption of farmer and market preferred chickpea cultivars
in water-limited areas
Identification of varieties for FPVS trials
The varieties for FPVS were identified after discussions with all stakeholders including, NARES partners, farmers and traders
Country No. of varieties identified for FPVS Desi Kabuli Total
India 4 4 8 Ethiopia 1 5 6 Tanzania 2 4 6 Kenya 2 4 6
FPVS in India • 237 trials (20 mother + 217 baby trials) in 23 villages
• 1181 farmers (1052 male + 129 female) involved in ranking of varieties
Some Challenges in FPVS Trials
• The crop was destroyed in Prakasam district of India during 2007/08 due to heavy rains before harvest and also during 2008/09 at seedling stage due to Nisa cyclonic rains.
• The trials were re-sown during 2009/10 which were successful
FPVS in ESA • Over 100 (Ethiopia 38, Tanzania 39,
Kenya 24) FPVS trials conducted.
• Over 2100 farmers (Ethiopia 1746, Tanzania 163, Kenya 197) participated in varietal selection
• 190 field demonstrations conducted in Ethiopia
Cultivars preferred by farmers at different locations
Country Cultivars preferred by farmers
Desi type Kabuli type
India - Andhra Pradesh - Kurnool
JG 11, JAKI 9218, JG 130
India-Andhra Pradesh - Prakasam
JG 11, JAKI 9218, JG 130
KAK 2
India-Karnataka JG 11, JAKI 9218, BGD 103
Ethiopia Habru, Ejere, Arerti
Tanzania ICCV 00108 ICCV 97105
ICCV 92318, ICCV 00305
Kenya ICCV 97105, ICCV 00108
ICCV 95423, 00305
Varietal traits preferred by farmers
• High yield potential • Profuse podding, • Early maturity • Resistance to fusarium wilt (in all countries)
and ascochyta blight (in Ethiopia) • Seed traits (size, shape and color) preferred
by the market.
Number of varieties released and in the pipeline for release
India: One desi chickpea variety BGD 103 was released and notified for cultivation in Karnataka state of India during 2009.
Kenya: Two desi (ICCV 97105, ICCV 00108) and one kabuli (ICCV 00305) lines identified through FPVS trials are under NPT.
Tanzania: Two desi (ICCV 97105, ICCV 00108) and two kabuli (ICCVs 92318, 00305) lines are going to enter NPT.
Breeder seed production
Over 150 t breeder seed of farmer-preferred varieties was produced by ICRISAT (Patancheru and Nairobi) and NARS partners in India, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Kenya
(Details in Objective 8 report)
Activity 2
Develop improved chickpea germplasm with enhanced tolerance to drought, resistance to
fusarium wilt and pod borer, and market preferred seed traits
Development and evaluation of breeding lines
• Over 1000 breeding lines with early maturity, high resistance to fusarium wilt and market-preferred seed traits were evaluated at ICRISAT-Patancheru.
• Over 200 lines (117 desi + 92 kabuli) were supplied to NARS partners in India and ESA.
Marker-assisted introgression of drought tolerance traits (large roots) - linked to TL1
Roo
t len
gth
dens
ity (
cm c
m3 )
Donor parents for root traits
Crosses: 3 Cultivars x 2 Donors for root traits
BC1: Cultivar x F1 ↓
BC1F1
BC 2: Cultivar x BC1F1 ↓
BC2F1 Subjected to foreground and background selection
BC3: Cultivar x BC2F1 As in BC 2
↓ BC3F1
Selected heterozygous plants for QTL-linked markers and over 90% genome of the recurrent parent
↓ BC3F2
Selected homozygous plants for QTL-linked markers ↓
BC3F3 2009/10 Seed multiplication
↓ 2010/11 Multilocation evaluation BC3F4 lines
MABC for improving root traits Donors
Cultivars
JG 11
Chefe KAK 2
Marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) using good-by-good crosses for improving
yield under moisture stress conditions
Reselection generation after generation, with interbreeding of selects (selected using QTL-associated molecular markers) to provide opportunity for genetic recombination and cumulate favorable alleles
2 crosses 1 cross 2009/10 Genotyping of F3 completed; Genotyping of F3 plants F4 grown for seed multiplication 2010/11 Multilocation evaluation F4 (Seed multiplication) of F5 progenies and QTL analysis
Selection and inter-crossing Multilocation evaluation of F3s of F5 progenies and QTL analysis •
• Efforts are being made to combine different mechanisms of resistance from cultivated and wild species
• 40 F6 progenies of C. arietinum (ICC 506) x C. reticulatum (IG 72933) crosses were evaluated. Four progenies with higher levels of resistance than both the parents were identified for further evaluation.
• Seven C. arietinum (JG 130, JAKI 9218, JG 11, KAK 2, JGK 1, ICC 17109, ICC 506) x C. reticulatum (IG 72933) crosses advanced to F2
Enhancing pod borer resistance
Activity 3
Enhance capacity of NARS in chickpea improvement research and development and
provide training to farmers in improved chickpea production technology
Training of Extension Personnel
The extension personnel of the Department of Agriculture/ NGOs were trained as Master Trainers in improved production technologies
India: 413 Extension personnel (389 male + 24 female)
ESA: 36 Extension personnel Ethiopia 10 Tanzania 18 Kenya 8
Training of farmers
Training to farmers was provided on various aspects of improved crop and seed production technologies of chickpea.
India: 5556 farmers (5016 male + 540 female)
ESA: 3465 farmers Ethiopia: 2774 Tanzania: 240 Kenya: 451
Two one-month training courses on “Chickpea Breeding and Seed Production” organized at ICRISAT Patancheru
Batch 1: Jan/Feb 2008
Participants: 9 5 Male + 4 Female
Ethiopia: 2M Tanzania: 1M+1F Kenya: 2M Myanmar: 3F
Training of Researchers
Batch 2: Jan/Feb 2009
Participants: 10 5 Male + 5 Female
Ethiopia: 2M Tanzania: 2F Kenya: 2M Myanmar: 3F Philippines: 1M
Lectures and hand on trainings on
Screening techniques for abiotic and biotic stresses
Conventional and biotechnological approaches of chickpea improvement
Crop and seed production techniques
Seed processing storage and quality testing
Training course on Chickpea Breeding and Seed Production
Degree students
Country Student Degree program
Research area
Ethiopia Tadesse Sefera Gela
M Sc Molecular characterization of chickpea cultivars
Kenya Peter Kaloki M Sc Heat tolerance in chickpea
India Tosh Garg PhD Molecular mapping of fusarium wilt, ascochyta blight, and botrytis grey mould resistance in chickpea
Lessons learnt ….1/2
• Farmers’ awareness of the improved varieties and availability of the seed of improved varieties are the key factors in spread of improved chickpea cultivars.
• FPVS trials are very effective in enhancing awareness of farmers to improved varieties and in spreading new varieties.
• The farmers need some orientation and close follow ups for their active participation in FPVS trials.
Lessons learnt….. 2/2
• In addition to yield, maturity duration and resistance to diseases, seed traits preferred by market (seed size, color and shape) were given high weightage by the farmers in PVS.
• The farmers’ preference for growing kabuli chickpea varieties largely depended on the price premium received over desi type.
• Off-season seed multiplication with supplemental irrigation can facilitate faster varietal spread in Ethiopia.
Vision for Phase II
• Expansion of activities to new districts/states/zones/ regions in the countries of phase I
• Possible expansion of activities to other countries like Malawi and Mozambique.
• Further strengthen of seed system based on the experiences of phase I.
• Evaluation of breeding materials generated through genomic approaches (MABC &MARS) under TL I along with breeding material generated under TL II in target environments.