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Power point@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk
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Describe the unique characteristics of Chordata.
State classification of Chordata into foursubphyla. Urochordata (Sea squirt)
Hemichordata (Acorn worm)
Cephalochordata (Lancelet)
Vertebrata
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State classification of subphylum Vertebratainto six classes:
Class Chondrichthyes (ray, Raja ) Class Osteichthyes (ikan selar, Selar ) Class Amphibia (frog) Class Reptile (crocodile, Crocodilus ) Class Aves (pigeon, Columba ) Class Mammalia (rat, Rattus )
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Unique Characteristics Notochord
Longitudinal, flexible rod located between digestive tube and nerve cord
later become vertebral column / backbone
Provides skeletal support.
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Pharyngeal slits (slits in the pharynx) Found in all chordate embryos
A series of pouches separated by grooves found alongthe sides of the pharynx
Function: Invertebrates chordates Suspension feeding devices (invertebrate chordates) Modified for gaseous exchange (vertebrates)
Gill slits at sides of pharynx
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Dorsal hollow nerve cord Develops from a plate of ectoderm that rolls into a
tube located above the notochord
Develops into central nervous system Brain and spinal cord
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Close circulatory system Hepatic portal system
blood from alimentary canal taken to liver and takenback to the heart
Heart is ventral position found behind and below pharynx.
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Post anal tail Tail extending posterior to anus
Lost during embryonic development
Contains skeletal elements and muscles.
Provides propelling force in many aquatic species
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Myotomes Muscular tissues arranged in blocks
Usually resemble the letter "W
Present in embryonic stage
Maintained in some adults chordates
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Classification Subphylum Urochordata (Sea Squirt)
Subphylum Hemichordata (Acorn worm)
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SubphylumChephalochordata(Lancelet)
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Class Chondrichthyes (ray, Raja ) Class Osteichthyes (ikan selar, Selar ) Class Amphibia (frog) Class Reptile (crocodile, Crocodilus ) Class Aves (pigeon, Columba ) Class Mammalia (rat, Rattus )
Subphylum Vertebrata
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Evolutionary Relationship of Animals
Based on: Level of organization
Germ layers
Body plan (symmetry)
Body cavity
Segmentation/metamerism
(Show table)
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CHAPTER 12
ECOLOGY