1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
“Hooks” to hang info upon
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
• Scientific Inquiry
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
2) Evolution
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
3) Energy Transfer
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
4) Unity and Diversity
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
5) Relationship of Structure to
Function
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
6) Regulation
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
7) Interaction w/ the Environment
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
8) Science, Technology, & Society
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
9) The Cell
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
10) Heritable Information
1111 THEMESTHEMES OFOF
APAP BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
11) Emergent
Properties
Hierarchy of
Organization
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom-->atom-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule-->atom--> molecule-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> atom--> molecule--> organelleorganelle --> -->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> atom--> molecule--> organelleorganelle --> cell--> --> cell-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> atom--> molecule--> organelleorganelle --> cell--> --> cell--> tissue-->tissue-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> atom--> molecule--> organelleorganelle --> cell--> --> cell--> tissue--> organ--> tissue--> organ--> system-->system-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> atom--> molecule--> organelleorganelle --> cell--> --> cell--> tissue--> organ--> tissue--> organ--> system--> organism-->system--> organism-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> atom--> molecule--> organelleorganelle --> cell--> --> cell--> tissue--> organ--> tissue--> organ--> system--> organism--> system--> organism--> population--> population-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> atom--> molecule--> organelleorganelle --> cell--> --> cell--> tissue--> organ--> tissue--> organ--> system--> organism--> system--> organism--> population--> population--> Community-->Community-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> atom--> molecule--> organelleorganelle --> cell--> --> cell--> tissue--> organ--> tissue--> organ--> system--> organism--> system--> organism--> population--> population--> Community--> Community--> ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM -->BIOSPHERE>BIOSPHERE
Hierarchy of
Organization
emergentemergent propertiesproperties
Each step up,
emergemerg
Each step up, novel properties emerge
emergentemergent
Each step up, novel properties emerge that were not present
emergent propemergent prop
Each step up, novel properties emerge that were not present at the simpler level below.
emergentemergent
propertiesproperties
Characteristics of Life:
1.Order-
Basic Unit of Life:CELLS)
History of cell discovery -
Prokaryotic - characteristics:
found in:
Eukaryotic - characteristics:
found in.
Basic Unit of Life:CELLS (overhead)
History of cell discovery -pg.4&6
Prokaryotic - characteristics:
found in:
Eukaryotic - characteristics:
found in.
Characteristics of Life:
1.Order-
2.Reproduction Capabilities-
Characteristics of Life:
1.Order-
2.Ability to Reproduce-
3.Growth & Development-
Continuity for ALLALL life =
DNADNA•4 nucleotidesnucleotides-
•gene-•same genetic code
•different sequences = differences among organisms
Characteristics of Life:
1.Order-
2.Ability to Reproduce-
3.Growth & Development (DNA)-
4.Energy Processing-
Characteristics of Life:
1.Order-
2.Ability to Reproduce-
3.Growth & Development (DNA)-
4.Energy Utilization-
5.Response to Environment-
Characteristics of Life:
1.Order-
2.Ability to Reproduce-
3.Growth & Development (DNA)-
4.Energy Utilization-
5.Response to Environment-
6. Evolutionary Adaptation-
Characteristics of Life:
1.Order-
2.Ability to Reproduce-
3.Growth & Development (DNA)-
4.Energy Utilization-
5.Response to Environment-
6. Evolutionary Adaptation-
7.Regulation-
Regulatory Regulatory MechanismsMechanisms ensure balance in Life
Regulatory Regulatory MechanismsMechanismsNegative feedback- accumulation of product inhibits an enzyme in the production sequence of product
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Regulatory Regulatory MechanismsMechanismsPositive feedback- accumulation of product enhances an enzyme increasing production of product.
Regulatory Regulatory MechanismsMechanisms
Platletes aggregate @ cut, chemicals released by platletes attract MORE platletes
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
EVOLUTION, UNITY, EVOLUTION, UNITY, DIVERSITYDIVERSITY
EVOLUTION IS THE CORE EVOLUTION IS THE CORE THEMETHEME
•Species change over time
EVOLUTION IS THE CORE EVOLUTION IS THE CORE THEMETHEME
•Species change over time
•Populations have potential to produce more offspring than can be supported.
EVOLUTION IS THE CORE EVOLUTION IS THE CORE THEMETHEME
•Species change over time
•Populations have potential to produce more offspring than can be supported.
•Natural selection
EVOLUTION IS THE CORE EVOLUTION IS THE CORE THEMETHEME
Similar species share a common ancestor on phylogenic treephylogenic tree
•All life connected and traced back to prokaryotes
EVOLUTION, UNITY, EVOLUTION, UNITY, DIVERSITYDIVERSITY
DiversityDiversity of all life -
Taxonomy-
UnityUnity of all life-
cell structure, DNA,
metabolic pathways
Scientific Processes
1. Asking a question John Endler Univ of Cal - why is there a
significant difference in populations of guppies
regarding average age and size @ sexual
maturity?
Scientific Processes
2. Hypothesis -
testable, tentative explanation
for what we observe.
Could it be the
predator which preys
predominately on the
population?
Scientific Processes
3. Prediction - if/then (If the hypothesis is true, then the results of the experiment will be…)
IF, guppies from Pike-
Cichlid pools are
introduced to new pools
th,at contain only
killifish THEN, the
average age and size at
maturity will be
heavierand older than
nontransplanted
individuals
Scientific Processes4. Testing the validity of the hypothesis
Control Group - the group not moved
Experimental Group - the group that was moved to the pool with only killifish, and no guppies
Scientific Processes5. Conclusion