Nutrition Warm – Up
10 Things You Can do to Burn More Calories
Nutrients Have Class Too!Ms. Makuta
Nutrients Have Class Too!
• Objectives:– The students will explain the six major nutrients.– The students will explain the breakdown of foods and absorption
of nutrients by the body. • Vocabulary:
– Nutrition– Nutrients– Carbohydrates– Fats– Proteins– Vitamins– Minerals– Water – Nutrient Deficiency
What is nutrition?
• Nutrition is the study of how your body uses the food you eat.
What is a nutrient?
• A nutrient is a chemical substance in the body that helps maintain the body.
The Six Classes of Nutrients
• Your body needs over 50 different nutrients which can be divided into 6 classes:– Carbohydrates– Fats– Proteins– Vitamins– Minerals– Water
Carbohydrates
• Functions– Provides body main
source of energy– Produces glucose –
used immediately or stored
– Provide bulk– Helps the body digest
fats
• Sources:– Sugars - honey, jam– Starch sources - breads,
cereals, pasta– Fiber sources - fruits,
vegetables, whole grains
Carbohydrates
• Types– Simple Carbohydrates/Sugars
• Include sugars found naturally in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and milk products.
• Simple carbohydrates also include sugars added during food processing and refining.
– Complex Carbohydrates• Starch and dietary fiber.• Starch must be broken down through
digestion before your body can use it as a glucose source.
Carbohydrates
Fats
• Functions– Provides energy– Carries fat- soluble
vitamins (A, D, E, and K)– Protects vital organs and
provides insulation– Provides essential fatty
acids
• Types– Fatty Acids– Cholesterol
Fats are compounds of many types of fatty acids and a body chemical called glycerol.
Fats• Types– Fatty Acids
• Saturated Fat – found in animal and dairy products– Raises LDL
• Polyunsaturated – found in olive peanut oils– Decreases LDL
• Monounsaturated – found in corn and vegetable oils– Decreases LDL – Increases HDL
– Cholesterol• Low density lipoproteins – LDL - ”bad cholesterol”• High density lipoproteins – HDL - ”good cholesterol”
Some “Fat” Examples
• Cheese• Butter• Nuts• Meats• Dressings• Chocolate
What other fat examples can you
identify?
Proteins
• Functions– Build and repair tissues– Helps the body to make
important substances– Regulate body processes– Supply energy
• Types– Complete: contains
adequate amounts of all essential amino acids
– Incomplete: Lacks some amino acids
Proteins Sources
• Complete– Meat– Milk– Eggs– Fish
• Incomplete – Nuts – Legumes
Complex carbohydrates are broken down into glucose more slowly than simple carbohydrates. This provide
the body with a gradual steady stream of energy throughout the
day.
Think Nutritionally
• Are following all sources of energy, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
• True – thumbs up
• False – thumbs down
Motivational QuoteNutrition and Wellness
Challenge
This week let’s increase our cardiovascular activity.
Try to go for a walk, run, bike ride, or etc at least twice.
In your Journal/Notebook
First, write down all the food and beverage items you consumed.
Next, identify any physical activity you engaged in.
Tuesday, September 10, 2013
Think Nutritiously…
• Red meat is an example of which form of energy?– Fat– Carbohydrate– Protein
• Is eating red meat healthy?– Let’s find out….
Vitamins
• Can be divided into two main categories• Fat-soluble vitamins– dissolve in fats– can be stored in fatty tissues of the body
• Water-soluble vitamins– dissolve in water– are not stored in the body
Fat-Soluble Vitamins• Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body's cells and
are not excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. • They do not need to be consumed as often as water-
soluble vitamins, although adequate amounts are needed.
• If you take too much of a fat-soluble vitamin, it could become toxic.
• Your body is especially sensitive to too much vitamin A from animal sources (retinol) and too much vitamin D.
• A balanced diet usually provides enough fat-soluble vitamins.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
In your Journal/Notebook
First, write down all the food and beverage items you consumed.
Next, identify any physical activity you engaged in.
Tuesday, September 11, 2013
Mushroom Diet
Has anyone every heard of this new diet trend?
Water-Soluble Vitamins• Water-soluble vitamins travel freely through
the body, and excess amounts usually are excreted by the kidneys.
• The body needs water-soluble vitamins in frequent, small doses.
• These vitamins are not as likely as fat-soluble vitamins to reach toxic levels.
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Minerals
• Minerals can also be divided into two categories:
• Macrominerals are needed in amounts of 100 mg or more per day.
• Trace elements are needed in amounts less than 100 mg per day.
Macrominerals
Trace Minerals
Water
• Functions– Aids digestion and cell
growth and maintenance– Facilitates chemical
reactions– Lubricates joints and
cells– Regulates body
temperature– Overall well-being
• Sources– Water– Milk– Fruits and Vegetables– Other Liquids– Some Foods
Nutrient DeficienciesNot getting enough nutrients can lead to deficiency
diseases.Deficiency Diseases Symptoms
Protein-energy malnutrition
Kwashiorkor Edema, irritability, anorexia, enlarged liver
Vitamin D and Calcium Osteoporosis/Rickets Brittle bones and bow legs
Iodine Goiter Swelling of the thyroid gland
Iron Anemia Fatigue, weakness, poor appetite, constipation
Thiamin Beriberi Affects nervous system, pain, vomiting, difficulty walking
Niacin Pellagra Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia
Vitamin C Scurvy Spongy, bleeding gums
Vitamin A Night blindness Difficulty or inability to see in low light or darkness
Excess Nutrients
• As with everything, too much of any one thing is not good for you and the same thing goes for nutrients.
• Excess energy nutrients - carbohydrates, fats, and proteins - can lead to unhealthy weight gain.
• Excesses of some vitamins and minerals can lead to toxicity (poisoning) and other complications.